R34 


Rhode  Island 
Department  of  Education 

Syllabus  for  Physical  Education 
in  Schools  of  Rhode  Island 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


(^2n*d**'7r? 

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/ 


SYLLABUS 

for  '  Ij-s 

PHYSICAL    EDUCATION" 

SOUTHERN  BRANCH, 

UNIVERSIJY.OF  CALIFORNIA, 


:iHRARY, 

ANGELES,  CALIF. 

SCHOOLS  OF  RHODE  ISLAND  ^ 


ft 

Compiled  b3? 

GERTRUDE  BRADLEY  MANCHESTER  '/.^ 

of  the  Rhode  Island  Normal  School 


Under  the  Direction  of  Walter  E.  Ranger,  Commissioner  of  Public 
Schools,  and  with  the  Advice  and  Cooperation  of  the  Following 
Advisory  Committee:    Willard  H.  Bacon,  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  Westerly;  William  F.  Barry,  M.  D.,  Woonsocket; 
Nancy  Brownell,  Director  of  Physical  Education,  New- 
port; Mrs.  Helen  W.  Cooke,  M..  D.,  Providence; 
Frank  O.  Draper,  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Pati'tucket;  Mrs.  Sibyl  Avery  Perkins, 
Providence;    Isaac    O.    Winslow, 
Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Providence. 

..•i  r' 


STATE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 
RHODE  ISLAND 


61178 


CHAPTER  1541. 

AN    ACT    TO     PROVIDE    PHYSICAL    TRAINING    FOR     SCHOOL 

CHILDREN. 

Approved  April  19,  1917. 

It  is  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  as  follows: 

SECTION  1.  All  children  above  the  age  of  eight  years,  attending  public 
schools  or  such  other  schools  as  are  managed  and  controlled  by  the  state 
shall  receive  therein  instruction  and  practice  in  physical  training  under  such 
regulations  as  the  state  board  of  education  may  prescribe  or  approve  during 
periods  which  shall  average  at  least  twenty  minutes  in  each  school  day.  No 
private  school  or  private  instruction  shall  be  approved  by  any  school  com- 
mittee for  the  purposes  of  Chapter  72  of  the  General  Laws  as  substantially 
equivalent  to  that  required  by  law  of  a  child  attending  a  public  school  in  the 
same  city  and  town  unless  instruction  and  practice  in  physical  training  similar 
to  that  required  in  public  schools  shall  be  given. 

SEC.  2.  For  the  purpose  of  preparing  and  introducing  such  course  of  in- 
struction, the  sum  of  five  hundred  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be 
necessary,  is  hereby  appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the  treasury  not  other- 
wise appropriated  for  expenditure  by  the  state  board  of  education  during 
the  fiscal  year  ending  on  December  31,  1917,  and  the  state  auditor  is  hereby 
directed  to  draw  his  orders  on  the  general  treasurer  for  the  payment  of  said 
sum  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  required,  on  vouchers  approved  by  said 
state  board  of  education. 

SEC.  3.     This  act  shall  take  effect  on  and  after  July  1,  1917. 


GV 

36  I 


INTRODUCTION 


41 

The  world  crisis  of  the  twentieth  century  was  foreshadowed  in 

the  United  States  of  America  by  a  movement  for  conservation  of 
national  and  natural  resources.  Emphasis  in  the  propaganda  for 
conservation  has  been  placed  upon  material  wealth,  but  the  more 
vital  interest  of  national  health  has  not  been  wholly  neglected. 
Recognition  of  the  desirability  of  improving  public  health  has  been 
in  the  past  to  some  extent  secondary  to  military  preparedness.  There 
is  no  good  reason,  however,  why  a  public  interest  so  fundamental 
should  not  receive  the  attention  which  its  importance  merits  as  an 
element  contributing  to  the  welfare  of  all  the  people. 

The  General  Assembly,  at  the  January  session  of  1917,  enacted 
a  law  which  asserts  a  public  policy  consistent  with  the  intrinsic 
value  of  physical  education.  This  legislation  supplements  general 
aws  aiming  to  promote  the  physical  well-being  and  health  of  school 
'^children,  which  provide  State  aid  for  medical  inspection  in  public 
and  private  schools,  require  an  annual  testing  of  the  sight  and  hear- 
ing of  public  school  children,  require  physical  examinations  of 
children  seeking  age  and  employment  certificates,  and  empower  the 
State  Board  of  Education  to  establish  standards  for  heating,  light- 
ing, seating,  ventilating  and  other  sanitary  arrangements  in  and  about 
school-houses. 

A  similar  public  policy  was  evidenced  in  the  statute,  en- 
acted in  1917,  that  authorizes  school  committees  to  establish  and 
maintain  at  public  expense  clinics  for  the  remedying  of  dental  de- 
fects and  the  treatment  of  the  teeth  of  school  children  whose  parents, 
after  notice,  neglect  to  take  action.  The  law  requiring  physical  edu- 
cation was  requested  in  petitions  addressed  to  the  State  Board  of 
Education,  which  were  signed  by  hundreds  of  persons  professing 
an  interest  in  the  welfare  of  school  children.  There  could  be  no 
serious  question  that  a  popular  demand  for  physical  education 


existed.  The  movement  was  promoted  particularly  by  the  Rhode 
Island  Branch  of  the  National  Congress  of  Mothers  and  Parent- 
Teacher  Associations.  A  hill  was  prepared  in  the  office  of  the  Com- 
missioner of  Public  Schools,  and  it  was  introduced  in  the  General 
Assembly  by  the  Honorable  James  M.  Armstrong,  .Senator  from 
East  Providence  and  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Education. 

The  law  requires  that  every  child  over  eight  years  of  age  who  is 
attending  any  school,  or  who  is  being  educated  privately,  shall  re- 
ceive instruction  and  practice  in  physical  training,  under  such  regu- 
lations as  the  State  Board  of  Education  may  prescribe  or  approve, 
during  periods  which  shall  average  at  least  twenty  minutes  in  each 
school  day.  To  the  teachers  of  the  public  and  private  schools  of 
Rhode  Island  is  entrusted  the  duty  and  responsibility  of  carrying 
this  salutary  legislation  into  effect — a  duty  and  responsibility  that 
should  be  met  with  the  conscientious  care  and  public  spirit  which 
characterize  Rhode  Island  teachers.  The  essential  and  fundamental 
requirement  of  the  law  is  twenty  minutes  of  instruction  or  directed 
exercise  for  every  child  during  every  school  day.  This  requirement 
must  be  met  in  school  and  in  school  time.  This  Syllabus  for  Physical 
Education  has  been  prepared  for  the  purpose  of  guiding  teachers  in 
meeting  the  requirements  of  the  new  law,  and  it  presents  a  course 
of  instruction  planned  to  cover  the  eight  grades  of  elementary 
schools  and  the  four  years  of  high  schools. 

In  selecting  an  author  for  the  syllabus  the  choice  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education  rested  upon  Miss  Gertrude  Bradley  Manchester, 
whose  work  as  Director  of  Physical  Education  at  the  Rhode  Island 
Normal  School  and  at  the  summer  school  of  Dartmouth  College 
has  been  so  successful  as  to  merit  commendation.  Miss  Manchester 
has  had  the  advice  and  cooperation  of  a  committee  chosen  as  repre- 
sentative of  all  sections  of  Rhode  Island,  and  of  a  diversity  of  in- 
terests, correlated,  however,  with  respect  to  health,  hygiene,  physical 
education  and  schools.  The  syllabus  is,  therefore,  the  work  of  a  care- 
fully trained  and  professionally  successful  teacher  of  physical  edu- 
cation indorsed  by  a  representative  committee:  it  should  not  fail,  in 
the  hands  of  competent  teachers  to  meet  the  crucial  test  of  the 
schoolroom. 

WALTER  E.  RANGER. 
Commissioner  of  Public  Schools. 

State  House,  September,  1917. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT 


In  compiling  this  syllabus,  it  has  been  my  aim  to  present  the 
best  and  most  useful  material  on  the  subject  of  Physical  Education. 
It  has,  therefore,  been  necessary  for  me  to  consult  professional  ex- 
perts and  authentic  sources.  Acknowledgment  is  particularly  due 
Dr.  William  Skarstrom,  Associate  Professor  in  the  Department  of 
Hygiene,  Wellesley  College,  for  specific  information  on  gymnastics, 
and  for  general  inspiration  and  advice ;  to  Miss  Jessie  Bancroft, 
Assistant  Director  of  Physical  Training  in  the  New  York  Public 
Schools,  for  particulars  concerning  posture ;  to  the  Playground  and 
Recreation  Association  of  America,  for  details  regarding  play  and 
athletics ;  and  to  the  New  York  Syllabus  for  Physical  Training  for 
suggestions  concerning  medical  inspection  and  health  instruction. 

Credit  is  also  due  Mr.  Richard  D.  Tucker  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Normal  School  for  the  half-tone  illustrations  in  the  syllabus,  and  to 
Dr.  Charles  Carroll  of  the  Rhode  Island  Normal  School,  who  edited 
the  manuscript,  drafted  the  line  illustrations  and  superintended  the 
printing. 

GERTRUDE  B.  MANCHESTER. 
Rhode  Island  Normal  School.  September,  1917. 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS 


The  Physical  Education  Law 2 

Introduction,  by  Walter  E.  Ranger,  Commissioner  of  Public  Schools 3 

Acknowledgment   5 

Physical  Education 7 

Healthful  Environment   7 

Medical  Inspection   8 

Health  Instruction  9 

Exercise — Motor    Activities    10 

Exercise  in  Detail 13 

Gymnastics  and  Marching  1.'! 

Qualifications   of   the   Teacher 1 .'! 

Theoretical    Principles 14 

Suggestions  for  Teaching  Gymnastics 1<) 

Posture    21 

Suggestive  Drills  and  Exercises 24 

Dancing   2."> 

Requisites  of  the  Teacher 2."> 

Principles   and   Methods 2(1 

Fundamental  Steps    27 

Games  and  Plays 30 

Requisites  of  the  Teacher 31 

Equipment      31 

Teaching  of  Games 31 

Athletics    : 34 

For  Boys 35 

For  Girls    38 

Festivals  and  Pageants 40 

Exercise  by  Grades .  42 


PHYSICAL   EDUCATION 


Physical  education  may  be  denned  as  including  healthful,  sanitary 
environment;  medical  inspection;  instruction  in  physiology  and  hygiene;  and 
exercise  in  the  form  of  such  motor  activities  as  marching,  gymnastics,  dancing, 
supervised  play  and  athletics. 

The  general  aim  of  Physical  Education  is  social  efficiency,  which  includes 
such  specific  aims  as  organic  health  and  vigor,  normal  physical  development, 
freedom  from  physical  defects,  efficient  motor  control,  grace,  agility,  endur- 
unce,  and  general  physical  fitness;  alertness,  courage,  judgment,  initiative, 
imagination ;  obedience,  honesty,  unselfishness,  co-operation,  loyalty. 

HEALTHFUL  ENVIRONMENT. 

The  school  should  at  all  times  and  in  all  ways  provide  a  healthful,  sanitary 
environment  for  the  pupils.  Teachers,  janitors,  and  pupils  should  co-operate 
in  maintaining  wholesome  and  cleanly  conditions. 

A.  Toilet   Facilities    should   be   conveniently   located   and    have    thorough 
care. 

B.  Lighting — Pupils  should  be  so  seated  that  the  light  from  windows  will 
reach  them  from  the  left  and  preferably  from  the  rear-left.     Artificial  light 
should  be  so  placed  as  to  cast  no  shadow.     Long  periods  requiring  close  eye- 
work  should  be  avoided. 

C.  Ventilation — Only  approved  systems  of  ventilation  should  be  adopted. 
The  temperature  of  a  classroom  should  not  exceed  68°  F.,  or  fall  below  653 
F.     Difference  in  temperature  between  any  two  points  in  the  occupied  portion 
of  a  room  should  not  exceed  3°.     At  the  beginning  of  the  session,  at  frequent 
intervals,  and  during  any  exercise,  except  under  circumstances  which  render  it 
inadvisable,  windows  should  be  opened  wide  and  the   classroom  aired.     The 
thermometer  should  be  consulted  at  regular  intervals. 

D.  School  Furniture  and  Equipment — Movable  desks  and  seats,  adjustable 
to  the  stature  of  the  pupil,  are  recommended.    Readjustments  should  be  made 
occasionally  to  meet  the  varying  stature  of  growing  pupils.     Children  should 
be  taught  to  sit  correctly.     They  should  be  able  to  sit  back  firmly  with  feet 
squarely  on  the  floor.     The  back  of  the  seat  should  follow  the  curves  of  the 
body,  and  reach  just  below  the  shoulder  blades. 

The  proper  reading  distance  is  14  inches  from  eye  to  page.  It  should  never 
be  less  than  10  nor  more  than  16  inches.  Printing  should  be  on  dull  surface 
paper,  in  type  easily  legible,  large  and  reasonably  spaced. 

Blackboards  and  charts  should  be  placed  opposite  the  source  of  light. 
Copying  from  them  should  be  avoided  so  far  as  is  possible. 

E.  Recesses — Children  should  not  be  required  to  sit  for  long  periods  at  a 
time,  particularly  in  lower  grades.     In  addition  to  the  20  minutes  of  super- 
vised exercise,  there  should  be  short  recesses  when  the  children,  if  they  do 
not  go  out  of  doors,  may  move  freely  about  the  room — or  periods  of  relaxation 
and  silence  when  the  children  may  be  permitted  to  rest  their  heads  upon  the 
desks    and   relax    completely    for   a    minute    or    two.     Every    teacher    should 


8 

observe  strictly  these  periods  for  rest  and  recreation.     They  will  be  of  mental 
and  physical  benefit  not  only  to  the  children,  but  to  the  teacher  as  well. 

F.  Play   Room   or  Gymnasium  and   Play  Yard — Eventually   every    school 
should  have  a  play  room  or  gymnasium,  or  both,  which  should  be  well  lighted 
and   ventilated,  and   simply   equipped.     This   room   should,   however,   be   used 
only  when  the  pupils  cannot  go  out  of  doors.     Use  the  play  yard   (or  ground) 
as  often  as  possible  for  all  exercise. 

G;  Care  of  Building  and  Premises — This  should  be  in  the  hands  of  a 
competent,  conscientious  janitor.  Teacher  and  pupil  can  help  in  removing 
chalk,  bits  of  paper,  or  other  litter  from  the  floor,  corridors,  stairs,  school 
yard,  or  sidewalks.  The  teacher  can  help  to  make  the  room  attractive  by  the 
addition  of  flowers,  plants,  pictures,  and  the  like. 

H.     "Ten  Essentials  for  Health  of  Children  in  Rural  Schools"— 

1.  Daily  health  inspection  by  parent  and  teacher,  with  the  co-operation  of 
school  nurses  and  doctors,  for  detection  of  early  signs  of  health  disorders,  to 
control  and  minimize  communicable  diseases. 

2.  General  health  examination,  including  dental  examination,  at  least  once 
a  year  for  discovery  of  physical  defects  and  estimation  of  general  health  and 
capacity  of  the  child. 

3.  Follow-up  health  work,  with  provision  of  medical,  surgical,  and  dental 
care  for  correction  of  health  defects,  with  service  of  school  or  district  nurse,  to 
make  effective  the  health  program  in  the  school. 

4.  Warm  school  lunches  for  all  rural  school  children. 

5.  Sanitary    and    attractive    school    houses    and    surroundings.     These    are 
essential  to  health  of  pupils  and  teachers. 

G.  Efficiently  trained  teachers,  qualified  to  do  their  full  share  in  the  care 
of  the  health  and  welfare  of  the  children. 

7.  Practical  health  training  of  all  pupils,  for  the  establishment  of  health 
habits  and  the  extension  of  health  conduct   and  care  to   the   school,   to  the 
homes,  and  to  the  community  in  general. 

8.  Special  classes  and  schools  for  the  physically  and  mentally  defective,  in 
which  children  may  receive  the  care  and  instruction  requisite  for  their  excep- 
tional needs. 

!>.  Generous  provision  for  wholesome  play  and  recreation  in  school  and 
community. 

10.  Organization  and  co-operation  of  the  home  and  the  school  and  of 
interested  people  and  societies  to  insure  to  all  children  the  essentials  of 
health  and  general  well-being. 

I.  Bibliography — Allen,  Civics  and  Health.  Bancroft,  Posture  of  School 
Children.  Barry,  W.,  Hygiene  of  the  School-room.  Brewer,  Rural  Hygiene. 
Bryant,  School  Feeding.  Burgerstein,  Leo.  School  Hygiene.  Cornell,  Health  and 
Medical  Inspection.  Dressier,  P.  B.,  School  Hygiene.  Fischer,  Lectures  in 
School  Hygiene.  Hough  and  Sedgwick,  The  Human  Mechanism.  Hutchinson, 
Civilization  and  Health.  Johnston,  Modern  High  School.  Kerr,  School 
Hygiene — Laws  of  Health  in  Relation  to  School  Life.  Lyster,  School  Hygiene. 
.Ogden,  Rural  Hygiene.  Pyle,  H.,  Personal  Hygiene.  Rapeer,  L.  W..  School 
Health  Administration.  Richards,  Conservation  by  Sanitation.  Shaw,  School 
Hygiene.  Terman,  F.  M.,  The  Hygiene  of  the  School  Child.  Wallin,  Mental 
Health  of  School  Child.  Wood,  Thomas,  Health  Essentials  for  Rural  School 
Children. 

MEDICAL  INSPECTION  OF  PUPILS. 

There  should  be  personal  health  examination  and  instruction,  at  least  once 
a  year  by  doctor  and  specialist,  and  daily  by  parent  and  teacher,  for  the 
prevention,  improvement,  and  cure  of  ailments  and  defects  both  physical  and 
mental.  Helpful  treatment  and  advice  should  be  given;  all  needy  cases  should 
be  effectively  followed  up  by  teacher  and  school  nurse;  frequent  examinations 
of  children  with  serious  organic  weaknesses  should  be  made;  and  at  all  times 


there  should  be  sympathetic  co-operation  between  all  health  officers,  school  or 
district  nurses,  parents,  and  teachers.  An  ideal  system  would  provide  for 
weekly  visits  by  school  physicians. 

A.  Physical    Conditions    Demanding    Immediate    Attention — Sore    throat. 
Swollen  glands.    Ear-ache.    Sore  eyes.    Running  nose.    Parasitic  skin  troubles. 
Eruptions.     Frequent  dizziness  or  fainting.     Shortness  of  breath.     Vomiting. 
Frequent  coughing.    Convulsions.     Fever.     Chills.     Acute  pain. 

B.  Other  Important  Signs  to  Notice — Malnutrition.     Easy  fatigue.     Poor 
physical  development.     Disinterest  in  play.  Mouth  breathing.  Catarrh.  Pallor. 
Deafness,  or  discharge  from  ear.    Headache.     Nervousness.     Constant  inatten- 
tion.    Squinting.     Holding  work   too   near  face.     Slow   mentality.     Decayed 
teeth.     Twitching  of  eyes,  face.     Irritability,  or  fits   of   temper.     Hysterics. 
Stammering.     Stumbling  gait.     Slouchy  posture.     Round  shoulders  and  other 
postural  deviation.     Knock-knees  or  bow-legs. 

C.  Daily    Inspection    in    the    Lower    Grades — This    should    occupy    a    few 
minutes  at   the  beginning   of   the   morning   session,   and   in   addition   to   the 
conditions  noted  above,  the  following  should  receive  attention :     Dress- — rib- 
bons, blouses,  dresses,  stockings,  shoes,  handkerchiefs;  hair  and  nails;   skin— 
face,  hands,  arms,  ears,  nose,  eyes,  head. 

The  inspection  should  be  conducted  as  quietly,  as  thoroughly,  and  as  rapidly 
as  possible.  Endeavor  should  be  made  to  carry  out  the  inspection  with 
kindness  and  sympathy,  that  no  embarrassment  or  humiliation  may  be  felt 
by  any  of  the  pupils.  All  needy  cases  should  be  referred  to  doctor  or  nurse. 

Special  Classes  and  Schools,  if  practicable,  should  be  formed  for  those 
physically  or  mentally  defective,  in  which  they  may  receive  the  instruction 
necessary  for  their  particular  needs. 

References — Allen,  Civics  and  Health.  Barry,  Hygiene  of  the  School  Room. 
Brewer,  Rural  Hygiene.  Burgerstein,  Leo,  School  Hygiene.  Cornell,  Health 
and  Medical  Inspection  of  School  Children.  Dressier,  P.  B.,  School  Hygiene. 
Gulick  and  Ayres,  Medical  Inspection  of  Schools.  Hoag,  E.  B.,  The  Health 
Index  of  Children.  Hutchinson,  Civilization  and  Health.  Xewmayer,  Medical 
and  Sanitary  Inspection  of  Schools.  Proceedings  of  the  American  School 
Hygiene  Association.  Rapeer,  L.  W.,  School  Health  Administration.  Steven, 
E.  Z.,  Medical  Supervision  in  Schools.  Terman,  P.  M.,  The  Hygiene  of  the 
School  Child.  Wood,  Thomas,  Health  Essentials  for  Rural  School  Children. 

HEALTH  INSTRUCTION. 

A.  Class   Instruction   concerning   the    important    facts   of   physiology   and 
hygiene  should  be  given  at  least  two  periods  of  ten  or  fifteen  minutes  each 
school  week. 

For  elementary  grades  the  following  topics  should  be  emphasized:  Clean- 
liness, posture,  care  of  the  eyes,  ears,  nose  and  throat,  teeth,  skin,  muscles, 
heart  and  circulation,  lungs,  digestion,  nervous  system,  and  emergencies. 
"Each  topic  should  be  related  to  daily  living  and  should  affect  daily  practice. 
Student  self-governing  health  leagues  and  sanitary  squads  may  be  formed. 
The  pupils  should  be  alert  to  note  all  matters  affecting  health.  The  personal 
example  and  influence  of  the  teacher  is  of  great  importance."*  Simple  hygiene 
programs  should  be  made  out  for  children  to  follow  at  home  as  daily  routine. 

For  secondary  schools  the  chief  topics  should  be  the  causes  of  poor  health 
and  disease,  the  carriers  of  disease,  the  laws  of  health,  personal  hygiene, 
domestic  hygiene,  and  community  hygiene. 

B.  The  Fifteen  Rules  of  Hygiene  :f 

1.  Ventilate  every  room  that  you  occupy. 

2.  Wear  light,  loose,  and  porous  clothes. 

3.  Seek  outdoor  occupations  and  recreations. 

4.  Sleep  out,  if  you  can. 

*New  York  Syllabus  for  Physical  Training. 
f'How  to  Live,"  Fischer  and  Fisk. 


10 

6.  Breathe  deeply. 

6.  Avoid  overeating  and  overweight. 

7.  Eat  some  hard,  some  bulky,  some  raw  foods. 

8.  Eat  slowly. 

0.  Eat  sparingly  of  meats  and  eggs. 

10.  Evacuate  thoroughly,  regularly,  frequently. 

11.  Stand,  sit,  and  walk  erect. 

12.  Do  not  allow  poisons  and  infections  to  enter  the  body, 

13.  Keep  the  teeth,  gums,  and  tongue  clean. 

14.  Work,  play,  rest,  and  sleep  in  moderation. 

15.  Keep  serene. 

C.  Ten  Golden  Rules  of  Health  for  School  Children  :J 

1.  Play  hard  and  fair — be  loyal  to  your  team  mates  and  generertis  to  your 
opponents. 

2.  Eat  slowly.     Do  not  eat  between  meals.     Chew  food  thoroughly.    Never 
drink  wTater  when  there  is  food  in  the  mouth.     Drink  water   several  times 
during  the  day. 

3.  Brush  your  teeth  at  least  once  a  day.     Rinse  your  mouth  out  well  with 
"water  after  each  meal. 

4.  Be  sure  your  bowels  move  at  least  once  each  day. 

5.  Keep  clean — body,  clothes,  and  mind.     Wash  your  hands  always  before 
bating.    Take  a  warm  bath  with  soap  once  or  twice  a  week;  a  cool  sponge  (or 
shower)  bath  each  morning  before  breakfast,  and  rub  your  body  to  a  glow 
with  a  rough  towel. 

6.  Try   to  keep   your  companions,   especially   young  children,   away    from 
those  who  have  contagious  diseases. 

7.  Use  your  handkerchief  to  cover  a   sneeze  or  cough,  and   try   to   avoid 
coughing,  sneezing,  or  blowing  your  nose  in  front  of  others. 

8.  Study  hard — and  in  study,  work,  or  play  do  your  best. 

9.  Sleep:     Get  as  many  hours  in  bed  each  night  as  this  table  indicates  for 
your  age.     Keep  windows  in  bedroom  well  open. 

Hours  of  Sleep  for  Different  Age*. 
Hours  of  Sleep.          Ages.  Hours  of  Sleep. 

13  12   to    14 10'/3 

12  14   to    16 10 

11%       16   to    18 9'/2 

12 11 

Be   cheerful;   and  do  your   best  to  keep   your   school  and  your   home 
clean  and  attractive,  and  to  make  the  world  a  better  place  to  live  in. 

D.  References — Brady,    Personal    Health.      Conn,    Physiology    and    Hygiene. 
Fischer   and   Fisk,   How   to   Live.      Gulick,   The   Efficient   Life.      Gulick   Hygiene 
Series — For   Grade    III   and    IV,    Good    Health,    Frances   .Tewett :    for    V.    Emer- 
gencies ;  for  VI,  Town  and  City  ;  for  VII,  The  Body  at  Work ;  for  VIII,  Control 
of   Body   and   Mind.      Hough   and    Sedgwick,    Human    Mechanism.      New   World 
Health  Series  for  Elementary  Grades — Book  I,  Ritchie  and  Caldwell   Primer  of 
Hygiene ;   Book   II,  Ritchie   Primer  of   Sanitation  ;    Book   III,    Ritchie   Primer   of 
Physiology.      O'Shea   and    Kellog,    Health    Habits,    Health   and    Cleanliness,    The 
Body  in  Health,  Making  the  Most  of  Life.     Pyle,  Personal  Hygiene.     Rittger, 
Elements  of  Physiology  and  Sanitation.     Ritchie,  Emerson,  Public  and   Personal 
Health.      Styles,   Nutritional   Physiology,   Human   Physiology.      Woodworth,   The 
Care  of  the  Body. 

EXERCISE— MOTOR  ACTIVITIES. 

Exercise  includes  such  activities  as  inarching,  gymnastics,  and  supervised 
play  and  recreation  in  the  form  of  games,  folk  dances,  rhythmic  action  plays, 
athletics.  Simple  but  effective  wand  and  dumb  bell  drills  may  be  used. 

Exercise  should  take  place  preferably  out  of  doors,  if  the  most  beneficial 
effects  are  to  be  produced.  If  performed  indoors,  windows  should  bo  opened 

JHealth  Essentials  for  Rural   School  Children. 


11 

•wide.  If  in  the  schoolroom,  all  unnecessary  articles,  such  as  books,  papers, 
pencils,  and  obstructing  furniture,  such  as  chairs  and  tables,  should  be  moved 
temporarily  out  of  the  way. 

The  most  essential  requisite  for  success  is  the  teacher  or  supervisor  to 
whom  the  work  is  intrusted.  Trained  supervision  is  best,  but  any  teacher  who 
shows  interest,  enthusiasm,  common  sense,  effort,  and  co-operation  can  attain 
satisfactory  results. 

It  is  also  suggested  that  capable  pupils  be  trained  to  lead  squads  or  classes 
in  the  gymnastic  drills,  and  possibly  recreational  activities — always,  of 
course,  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  teacher  in  charge. 

A.  Programs  for  Elementary  Schools — A  minimum  of  20  minutes  a  day  is 
to  be  devoted  to   one  ot  more  of  the  above   types  of   exercise,   preferably 
marching  and  gymnastics,  and  play  in  the  form  of  games,  rhythmic  plays, 
or  folk  dances.     This  time  does  not  include  that  devoted  to  medical  inspection,, 
health  instruction,  recess  periods,  lunch  hour,  and  fire   drills.     It  is  recom- 
mended that  the  20  minutes  be  divided  into  several  periods. 

Each  school  may  work  out  its  own  program  or  schedule,  and  its  own  series 
of  gymnastic  exercises  and  play  activities,  suited  to  its  own  particular  condi- 
tions. 

The  following  programs  are  presented  as  suggestions  wThich  may  assist 
teachers  in  preparing  schedules: 

1.  Monday  and  Thursday — 3  minutes  relief  period,  3  minutes  relief  period, 
4  minutes  simple  game,  morning;   3  minutes  relief  period,  7  minutes  dance 
or  rhythmic  play,  afternoon.     Tuesday — 10  minutes  gymnastic  drill,  morning; 
10    minutes    folk    dance,    afternoon.      Wednesday    and    Friday — 10    minutes 
gymnastic  drill,  morning;   10  minutes  more  complicated  game,  afternoon. 

2.  Monday- — 4  minutes  relief  period.  4.  minutes  relief  period,  morning;   2 
minutes   relief   period,    10   minutes   game,    afternoon.      Tuesday — 10   minutes 
gymnastic  drill,  morning;  10  minutes  folk  dance,  afternoon.     Wednesday  and 
Friday — 10  minutes  gymnastic  drill,  morning;    10  minutes  game,  afternoon. 
Thursday — 4  minutes  relief  period,  4  minutes  relief  period,  morning;   2  min- 
utes relief  period,  10  minutes  dancing,  afternoon. 

3.  Monday,  Wednesday  and  Friday — 17  minutes  gymnastic  drill  and  danc- 
ing, morning;   3  minutes  relief  period,  afternoon.     Tuesday  and.  Thursday — 
17  minutes  team  games  and  group  contests   (on  playground  or  in  playroom), 
morning;   3  minutes  relief  period,  afternoon. 

4.  Monday,  Wednesday  and  Friday — 20  minutes  gymnastic  drill  and  danc- 
ing, morning.     Tuesday  and  Thursday — 20  mimites  team  games  and  athletics, 
morning. 

In  Grade  I  the  story  play  should  be  substituted  for  formal  gymnastic  drill. 

Programs  3  and  4  are  more  suitable  for  schools  having  adequate  playrooms 
or  playgrounds  and  for  grammar  pupils,  to  whom  the  more  highly  organized 
group  contests  appeal. 

The  suggestion  is  made  that  gymnastic  drills  be  introduced  in  October 
and  continued  through  April.  During  September,  May,  and  June  the  more 
informal  mimetic  exercises  may  be  used,  and  more  time  be  devoted  to  outdoor 
play  activities. 

It  is  recommended  that  boys  remove  coats.  It  is  also  recommended  that 
the  children  be  advised  to  wear  suitable  shoes,  such  as  sneakers,  or  rubber- 
soled  shoes  for  the  exercise  period.  The  girls  should  be  encouraged  to  wear 
loose  blouses,  such  as  the  middie  or  Russian  blouse. 

B.  General  Plan  for  Secondary  Schools — The   same  requirement   of   time 
should  be  met   as   in   elementary   schools.     It  is  recommended  that   diploma 
credit   be   given.     The   exercise   may   take    such   forms   as   marching    tactics, 
military  and  gymnastic  drills,  and  supervised  play  in  the  form  of  organized 
competitive   team   games,   athletics,   and   dancing. 


12 

\Vhere  periods  of  30  minutes  or  more  are  devoted  to  exercise,  the  work 
should  be  directed  by  men  and  women  properly  trained.  There  should  be  a 
physical  and  medical  examination  at  the  beginning  and  end  of  each  year.  No 
exercise  should  be  within  one  hour  after  the  lunch  period.  Boys  and  girls 
should  be  segregated. 

It  is  recommended  that  a  simple  uniform  be  worn:  A  bloomer  outfit  for 
the  girls,  and  a  sleeveless  white  shirt,  white  running  trousers,  and  soeks  for 
the  boys.  All  should  wear  suitable  shoes.  Exercise  should  be  followed  by 
bath  wherever  possible. 


EXERCISE    IN   DETAIL 


GYMNASTICS  (MARCHING  INCLUDED). 

A.  Aims   and    Values — Gymnastics,   as   taught    in    the   classroom,    usually 
consists  of  a  series  of  exercises   (progressively  arranged),  each  with  a  definite 
purpose  to  accomplish,  and  all  executed  by  the  pupils  in  response  to  com- 
mands.    It  must  be  remembered  that  this  type  of  exercise  is  not  an  end  in 
itself,   but    a   means   to   an    end,   and    that    this   end    is    threefold — hygienic, 
educational,  and  recreational. 

By  alternately  contracting  and  relaxing  muscles,  vigorously  and  completely, 
and  repeating  with  regular  frequency,  gymnastic  exercises  will  stimulate  and 
accelerate  the  circulation  both  of  the  blood  and  lymph.  They  will  cause  more 
rapid  ventilation  of  the  lungs;  stimulate  the  abdominal  organs  by  a  general 
shaking  and  mutual  massage;  will  bring  about  a  more  thorough  distribution 
of  fuel,  and  elimination  of  waste  material  through  the  activity  of  the  sweat 
glands.  Such  an  aim  cannot  be  realized,  however,  unless,  as  has  been  said,  the 
exercises  are  executed  with  vigor  and  snap,  and  repeated  often  and  regularly. 
For  this  reason  most  of  the  exercises  should  be  done  in  rhythm,  and  many 
should  be  of  an  all-round  character,  making  use  of  all  the  big  muscles  #.nd 
involving  large  movements. 

Gymnastic  exercises- are  distinctly  educational  because  they  call  for  sub- 
jective motor  control.  On  command,  the  will  speaks  to  the  muscles  and  they 
obey.  At  all  times  attention,  alertness,  and  conscious  effort  are  needed  if 
there  is  to  be  completeness  and  finish.  And  because  of  this  completeness  and 
finish,  the  movements  must  be  sharply  denned  and  localized — intensifying^ 
muscular  control  and  co-ordination.  Gymnastics  should  develop  bodily  control, 
general  agility,  correct  posture  at  all  times,  muscular  efficiency.  These 
points,  therefore,  should  be  insisted  upon :  Attention,  vigorous  effort,  correct 
and  complete  execution,  uniformity. 

Because  they  require  such  attention,  will  and  effort,  gymnastic  exercises 
will  not  seem  a  source  of  recreation,  especially  to  older  children  and  adults. 
To  younger  children  the  somewhat  novel  movements  may  seem  interesting 
and  "amusing.  But  to  arouse  the  interest  and  effort  of  mature  pupils,  the 
teacher  must  throw  himself  thoroughly  into  the  work.  It  is  his  personality, 
his  enthusiasm  and  humor  which  will  give  zest  to  the  exercises,  and  arouse  a 
spirit  of  fun  and  enjoyment. 

B.  Qualifications  of  the  Teacher: 

1.  Personality:     Enthusiasm  for  work,  sincerity,  and  tact;   humor,  cheer- 
fulness, sympathy,  dignity,  imagination,  leadership. 

2.  Practical  ability:      Ability  to  execute  the  exercises  with  accuracy  and 
finish,  ability  to  maintain  erect  posture,  ability  to  give  commands  with  clear- 
ness, and  in  an  imperative,  vigorous,  pleasant  voice. 

3.  Self-control,  patience,  determination,  and  persistence,  equanimity. 

4.  Observation   in   matters   of   attention   and   discipline,   and   in   detecting 
inaccuracies  and  faulty  execution  in  regard  to  speed,  vigor,  accuracy,  finish, 
uniformity. 

5.  Sympathetic  comprehension  of  aims. 

6.  Theoretical  knowledge   of   material. 


14 

C.    Theoretical  Principles.* 

i.     Fundamental  Gymnastic  Positions. 

a.  Active  Position.  (Figs,  i  and  2.)  This  is  assumed  when  the  command 
"Class — attention!"  is  given.  It  is  used  to  secure  the  attention  of  the  class 
for  a  new  exercise  after  "In  place — rest!"  has  been  given.  The  head  is  erect 
and  easily  poised  on  the  shoulders — the  shoulders  are  held  down  and  back, 
the  chest  high  and  over  the  toes — the  abdomen  flat,  muscles  well  contracted — • 
the  arms  straight  at  the  sides,  palms  against  the  thighs — knees  straight,  feet 
parallel  about  three  or  four  inches  apart — and  the  whole  body  weight  thrown 
slightly  forward,  resting  principally  upon  the  balls  of  the  feet. 

Such  stimulations  as  "stand  tall,"  "reach  up  toward  the  ceiling,"  "chest 
ove,r  toes,"  "stretch  the  fingers  down  by  the  sides,"  "lift  the  head,"  etc.,  may 
be  used.  Watch  for  the  exaggerated  position  so  often  assumed  by  the  small 
children  (Fig.  3). 

The  importance  of  knowing  what  this  position  looks  like,  just  how  it  is 
assumed,  and  why  it  should  be  maintained  always,  whether  during  the  gym- 
nastic period  or  not,  cannot  be  over-emphasized.  In  the  first  place,  it  is  a 
definite  exercise  requiring  positive  muscular  effort,  and  pupils  should  look 
upon  it  as  such.  The  physiological  and  educational  value  of  the  erect  position 
should  be  explained  by  the  teacher,  and  certain  tests  and  incentives  can  be 
used  to  stimulate  correct  posture.  It  is  well  to  have  illustrations  about  the 
room,  such  as  are  recommended  by  the  American  Posture  League  of  New 
York  city. 

"PO-sition!"  should  not  be  used  as  an  alternate  command  for  "Attention!" 
The  term  "PO-sition!"  signifies  a  return  to  the  fundamental  position  from  a 
position  in  which  the  arms  or  feet  have  been  changed.  If  the  hands  are  on 
the  hips  and  the  feet  are  apart,  and  the  instructor  wishes  the  class  to  return 
to  the  fundamental  standing  position,  she  gives  the  command  "PO-sition!" 

b.  Relaxed  Standing  Position.  (Fig.  5.)  Command  may  be  "In  place — 
rest!"  or  "At  ease!"  This  may  be  taken  best  by  placing  one  foot  to  the 
side — the  feet  still  parallel — and  the  weight  equally  distributed  upon  both 
feet.  All  muscles  are  relaxed,  but  there  should  be.no  suggestion  of  indolent 
slouchiness  (Fig.  4).  This  relaxed  position  is  used  only  for  purposes  of  rest 
after  a  particularly  vigorous  exercise,  when  the  class  seems  fatigued — or  for 
the  purpose  of  demonstrating  a  new  and  difficult  exercise — or  for  a  somewhat 
long  explanation  of  the  faults  made  in  a  previous  exercise.  It  should  never 
be  used  after  each  exercise;  never  for  brief  demonstrations;  never  for  looking 
up  the  next  exercise. 

2.    Parts  of  a  Gymnastic  Exercise. 

a.  Starting  Position — A  definite  position  from   which  certain   movements 
(the    primary    purpose    of    the    exercise)    directly    begin.    .In    the    following 
exercises  st.  means  starting  position;  mt.  means  movement: 

(1)  St.   (fundamental)   arm  bending  with  heel  raising   (int.). 

(2)  Neck  grasp  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  arm  stretching  side- 
ways  (mt.). 

(3)  Bend    stride    st.    forward    bending    of    trunk    alternating    with    arm 
stretching  upward   (int.). 

b.  Movement,  that  part  of  the  exercise  for  which  it  was  primarily  given. 

3.     Starting  Positions  May  be  as  Follows: 

a.  Fundamental  Position.     (See  active  position  described  above.) 

b.  Change  of  Arms. 

(1)  Hip  grasp  st.  (Figs.  G  and  16).  Commands  may  be  "Hands  on  hips — 
place!"  or  "Hips — firm!" 

•From  "Gymnastic  Teaching,"  Skarstrom. 


Fig.  1. 


Fig.  S. 


Fiy.  !,. 


Fiu. 


Fig.  fi. 


Fiff.  7. 


Flo-  S. 


Fig.  10. 


Fig.  11. 


Fig.   12. 


Fig.   IS. 


Fig.   I'/. 


Fiy.    «. 


Fit/.   17. 


* 


Fifi.   20. 


Fin.  ~'/. 


Fig.  22. 


Fig.  2.J. 


15 

(2)  Neck  grasp  st.   (Figs.  7,  22,  and  25).     Commands  may  be  "Hands  on 
neck — place!"  or  "Neck — firm!"    Elbows   should  be   held  well   back,   fingers 
touching  neck,  and  head  held  erect. 

(3)  Bend  st.   (Fig.   18).     Commands  may  be  "Arms   (upward) — bend!"  or 
"Hands  at  shoulders — place!"    Care  must  be  taken  that  the  hands  are  held 
at  the  side  of  the  shoulders  and  that  the  elbows  are  down  close  to  the  ribs. 
The  fingers  may  be  clenched. 

(4)  Cross   (a)   st.   (Figs.  8  and  9).     Commands  may  be  "Arms  forward — 
bend!"  or  "Hands  on  chest — place!"    The  elbows  should  be  held  up  and  back, 
the  wrist  straight,  and  a  wide  space  between  the  hands   (fingers  should  not 
touch). 

(5)  Cross  (c)  st.  (Fig.  15).    Commands  may  be  "Arms  sideways — raise!" 
or  (Fling!")     Fling  demands  a  quick  movement.     Arms  are  held  outstretched 
at  sides,  shoulder  height,  fingers  extended,  palm  down. 

(6)  Cross    (d)    st.     Same   as   cross    (c)    with   the   palms   turned   upwards. 
Commands  may  be  "With  palms  up,  arms  sideways — fling!"  or  "Arms  side- 
ways— fling!"    "Palms — turn!" 

(7)  Reach    standing     (Fig.    10).     Command    may    be    "Arms    forward — 
raise!"     Arms  should  be  parallel,  fully   extended   in  front,   shoulder   height, 
palms   facing.     Care    must   be   taken    that    the    body   does   not    tip    forward 
(Fig.  11). 

(8)  Stretch  st.    (Fig.   13).     Commands  may  be  "Arms   forward  upward- 
fling!"    ("Raise")    or   "Arms    sideways   upward — fling!"    This    is   a    difficult 
position  to  assume  and  maintain   correctly.     The  arms   should  be   stretched 
well  extended  over  head,  parallel,  and  palms  facing.     Care  must  be  taken  that 
the   head  is   held  erect   and  back,   the   chest   high,   knees    straight,   and   the 
weight  of  the  body  forward  on  the  balls  of  the  feet.     (For  faulty  position 
see  Fig.  12.) 

c.    Change  of  Feet. 

(1)  Stride  standing   (Figs.  6  and  23).     Commands  may  be  'With  a  jump, 
feet  sideways — place!"  or  "Feet  sideways — jump!"    Feet  are  two  foot  lengths 
apart — weight  equally  distributed  upon  both  feet. 

(2)  Walk  (a)   st.   (Fig.  22).     The  command  may  be  "Left   (or  right)   foot 
diagonally  outward— place !"     The  advanced  foot  is  placed  diagonally  forward 
(half  way  between  directly  forward  and  directly  sideways) ;  two  foot  lengths, 
weight  of  body  equally  distributed. 

(3)  Walk   (b)    st.   (Fig.  7).     Command  may  be  "Left   (or  right)   foot  for- 
ward— place!"    The    advanced    foot    is    placed    directly    forward,    two    foot 
lengths,  toe  turned  out  slightly. 

(4)  Close  st.     Command  may  be  "Feet  — close!"     Feet  are  closed  together, 
parallel,  pointing  directly  ahead. 

(5)  Toe  st.  (Fig.  16).    Command  may  be  "Heels — raise!" 

(6)  One-half    st.,   leg   forward    (Fig.    17).      Command   may   be   "Left    (or 
right)  foot  forward — raise!"    Note  that  the  knee  and  ankle  are  well  extended 
and  that  the  body  does  not  tip  backward. 

(7)  One-half   st.,   leg   sideways    (Fig.    19).     Command   may   be   "Left    (or 
right)   foot  sideways — raise!"     Knee  and  ankle  should  be  well  extended  and 
trunk  held  perfectly  erect. 

(8)  One-half  hook  st.   (Fig.  18).     Command  may  be  "Left  (or  right)   knee 
upward— bend!"    Knee    should   be   bent    at   right   angles,    waist    high,    ankle 
extended. 

(9)  Side  lunge  (Fig.  20).     The  command  may  be  "To  the  left  (or  right)  — 
lunge!"     The  trunk  is   held   erect,  the  knee  of  the   supporting  foot  is  well 
bent,  the  other  leg  held  well  extended,  foot  squarely  on  the  floor. 

(10)  Toe  deep  knee  bend  st.  (Fig.  24).    Commands  may  be  "Heels — raise!" 
"Knees  deep — bend!"    Knees   should   be   spread   well   out,   toes   turned   out, 
trunk  erect. 

(11)  Forward,  charge,  or  fall  out   (Fig.  21).     Command  may  be  "Left   (or 


16 

right)  foot  forward— fall  out!"  The  rear  leg  is  held  straight,  the  whole  foot 
on  the  floor,  toe  turned  out.  The  knee  of  the  advanced  foot  is  well  bent,  the 
toe  pointing  straight  ahead.  The  trunk  faces  front  squarely,  making  a  straight 
line  from  head  to  rear  foot. 

(12)  Stooping  (Fig.  14).  Command  may  be  "Stoop  down  to  touch  the 
floor — one!"  "Return — two!"  Knees  should  be  spread  out,  back  flat,  hands 
touching  the  floor  in  front  between  the  knees. 

d.  Change  of  Trunk. 

(1)  Prone    st.     (Fig.    23).     Command    may    be    "Trunk    forward— bend!'' 
Head   should  be   held  erect,  chin   in,  back  stiff  and  flat,   movement    forward 
from  the  waist. 

(2)  Side  bend  st.    (Fig.  25).     Command  may  be  "Trunk  to  the  left    (or 
right)— bend!"     Movement  should  be  from  the  wraist,  directly  sideways.     Xote 
that  there  is  no  twisting  or  bending  forward,   that   the  head   is   not   tilted 
upward,  that  both  feet  are  squarely  on  the  floor,  and  both  knees  straight. 

(3)  Twist  standing   (Fig.  22).     Command  may  be  "Trunk  to  the  left   (or 
right)— twist!"     Movement  should  be  localized  in  the  waist.     Care  must  be 
taken  that  the  hips  are  kept  forward,  and  that  the  head  alone  does  not  twist, 
but  moves  along  with  the  trunk. 

e.  Combined  Starting  Positions — 

These  may  consist  of  two  simple  starting  positions,  involving  usually  a 
change  of  arms  and  feet,  as 

(1)  Hips  grasp  stride   standing   (Fig.   6).     Command  may  be   "Hands   on 
hips  and  feet  sideways — place!" 

(2)  Xeck  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  (Fig.  7).     Command  may  be  "Hands  on  neck 
and  left  foot  forward — place!" 

4.     Commands. 

a.  Purpose — To    bring    about    unison,    uniformity    of    movement,    quick 
response. 

b.  Characteristic  Features — 

(1)  The  preparatory  or  explanatory  part — this  describes  briefly  and  con- 
cisely what  is  to  be  done,  such  as  "Arms  sideways,"  or  "Hands  on  neck  and 
feet  sideways." 

(2)  The   Pause — It   is   important   to   pause   deliberately   after   saying   the 
preparatory  part  in  order  to   focus  the  attention  of   the   class — thus  giving 
them  a  chance  to  think,  and  mentally  picture  the  desired  exercise  and  act  in 
unison.     For  this  reason  the  pause  must  never  be  slighted.     (The  pause   is 
indicated  by  the  dash  — .) 

(3)  Final    or    Executive   Part — This    is    the    signal    for    execution    and    is 
usually  a  verb  in  the  imperative  mood.     It  is  indicated  in   this  syllabus  by 
heavy  type  or  italics. 

In  general  the  executive  command  should  be  expressed  in  a  clear,  sharp, 
stimulating  voice — not  necessarily  loud,  but  forceful.  In  certain  exercises, 
such  as  breathing  and  balance  exercises,  the  final  command  should  be  ex- 
pressed in  a  slow,  even,  steadying  voice  (not  sharp  or  startling). 

c.  Different  Kinds. 

(1)  For  exercises  done  on  command,  commands  may  be  expressed  in  two 
ways: 

A  descriptive,  preparatory  part  with  the  verb  in  the  imperative  for  the 
final  executive  part  as:  "Trunk  forward — bend!''  or 

A  preparatory  part,  consisting  usually  of  an  adverb  and  present  participle, 
with  the  numeral  for  the  final  part,  as:  "Forward  bending  of  trunk— one!" 

(2)  For  rhythmical  exercises — 

(a)  Common  expressions  for  starting  a  movement  or  exercise  in  rhythm: 
"Keep  it  going  in  rhythm,  ready — begin!''  "Continue  in  this  rhythm,  ready— 
Go!''  "In  this  rhythm,  ready— Start!" 


17 


lirection  or  specific  feet,  the  signal  for  execution  may  be  preceded 
?  left  (or  right)— Begin!1'    "To  the  left  (or  right ) —Begin !" 


In  cases  of  direction 
by— "With  the 

Exceptions — "Class  forward— March!1'  "Mark  time — March!"  "Quick  time — 
March!" 

(b)  Common  expressions  for  stopping  rhythmical  exercises:  Exercises  like 
running  in  place,  marching,  marking  time,  alternate  knee  upward  bending, 
spring  jumps,  and  cut  steps,  require  the  command,  "Class,  halt!"  (no  pause 
between  the  two  words),  followed  by  two  complete  executions  of  the  move- 
ment being  done,  and  then  cessation. 

Rhythmical  exercises  which  demand  a  momentary  holding  of  positions,  such 
as  "arm  bending  with  heel  raising."  or  "placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alter- 
nate foot  placing  sideways,"  may  take  "Class,  halt!" — but  for  purposes  of 
developing  self-control,  alertness,  inhibition,  the  command  "Stop!"  or  "And 
stop!"  is  recommended. 

d.     Use  of  Numerals. 

(1)  For  repetition,  as  after  saying  "Trunk  forward — bend!''     "Raise!"  the 
command  may  be  "Again — One!"  ''Two!" 

(2)  For  marking  time  in  rhythmical  exercises.     Care  must  be  taken  not 
to  confuse  this  use  of  the  numerals  with  their  use  as  commands.     In  the  latter 
case   the  numeral   command   is   given,   followed  by   the   response.     Numerals 
used  as  time  markers  always  coincide  with  the  movement.     The  tone  of  the 
voice  is  always  modified  in  pitch. 

5.     Instruction. 

a.  Preparation  of  the  Teacher.     The  gymnastic  lesson  should  be  studied 
and  learned  before  presentation.     The  value  of  each  exercise  should  be  com- 
prehended   and    any   possible    faulty    executions    should    be    borne    in    mind. 
Practice  giving  the  commands  to  yourself. 

b.  Presentation.     For  simple  and  familiar  exercises,  such  as  "Arm  bending 
with  heel  raising,"  it  is  only  necessary  to  state  the  preparatory  part  of  the 
command,  and  then  give  the  signal  for  execution — to  present  the  exercise  to 
the  class.     For  unfamiliar  and  more  complicated  exercises,  it  will  be  necessary 
for  the   instructor   to   demonstrate   and   explain   the   exercise   beforehand   in 
order  to  give  the  class  a  picture  of  what  is  wanted.     For  this  reason  demon- 
strations should  be  accurate  and  finished. 

Before  the  exercises  are  started  in  rhythm,  they  are  repeated  on  command 
until  the  various  parts  are  correctly  and  vigorously  executed.  Then  the 
teacher  may  demonstrate  the  exercise  in  rhythm,  or  if  it  is  a  simple  exercise, 
give  the  signal  for  rhythmical  execution  and  help  set  the  time  by  personally 
accompanying  the  class  in  the  exercise. 

c.  Supplementary    Instruction.      (Coaching) — In    order    to    get    the    best 
results  with  regard  to  speed,  vigor,  accuracy,  it  is  frequently  necessary  to 
use  such  stimulating  words  as  "snappy,"  "hard,"  "quick."  "speedy,"  "deep." 
and  the  like,  or  such  admonitions  as  "Head  up!"  "Backs  flat!"  "Elbows  back!1' 
etc.     Sometimes    exaggerated   expressions,    such    as    "Fling   the    leg    shoulder 
height!"  may  prove  humorously   stimulating.     Vivid  adjectives  and  adverbs 
can  be  used  with  great  effect. 

d.  Correction — Faulty   execution   of  a   movement  or  exercise  may  be  due 
to  the  following  causes:     Either  the  pupil  was  inattentive  and  did  not  hear; 
or    the    teacher's    explanation    and    demonstration    were    not    clear    or    vivid 
enough;    or   the    pupil    lacked   the   physical    ability    to   assume    the   position 
correctly. 

e.  Methods  of  Correction — Correction  in  the  classroom  can  best  be  accom- 
plished by  anticipating  possible  faults  during  a  preliminary  explanation  or 
demonstration,  or  while  the  exercise  is  being  done  on  command.     TMs  is  the 


18 

^ 

time  for  stimulations  and  admonitions  addressed  to  the  class  as  a  whole,  or 
to  individual  pupils.     A  keen,  rapid  observation  is  necessary. 

Corrections  may  be  made  by  hand,  though  this  is  impracticable  and  often 
impossible  in  the  classroom.  When  this  is  done,  however,  gentle  force  should 
be  applied,  usually  from  the  side.  Pupils  should  not  be  startled. 

6.    Classification  and  Order  of  Exercises. 

Gymnastic  exercises  may  be  arranged  in  the  following  order.  Each  exercise 
should  have  a  definite  purpose  and  may  take  the  following  classification: 

a.  Order  Exercises — Marchings,  facings  (alone  or  with  march  steps),  mark- 
ing time,  running,  etc.     The  purpose  of  these  exercises  is  to  arouse  and  keep 
the  attention  of  the  class,  to  get  them  in  the  proper  mental  attitude  for  the 
work  which  is  to  follow.     The  following  points  should  be  demanded:     Atten- 
tion, quick,  snappy  and  finished  responses,  unison,  and  erect  carriage. 

b.  Leg  and  Arm  Exercises  (Chiefly  Leg) — These  consist  of  foot  placings, 
heel  raisings,  knee  ben  dings,  alone  or  in  combination,  and  also  often  combined 
with    arm    movements.      ("Arm    bending   with    heel   raising,"   "Ann    flinging 
sideways  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways").     They  are  usually  given  on 
command  and  then  in  rhythm.     Movements  should  be  quick,  vigorous,  sharply 
defined,  and  positions  held,  in  order  to  stimulate  the  circulation  and  train  the 
class  in  habits  of  muscular  control  and  co-ordination. 

c.  Arching  Movements — Chest,  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head,  alone 
or   with   ami    movements.     The   purpose   of    these    movements    is    chiefly   to 
stimulate  habits  of  good  posture,  especially  in  the  region  of  the  chest  and 
shoulders.     The  muscles  used  are  those  of  the  chest  and  upper  back,  resulting 
usually   in  a  flattening  of  the  upper  back   and   an   expansion   of   the   chest. 
Movements  are  done  in  almost  all  cases  on  command — never  in  rhythm — and 
should  be  executed  slowly  and  carefully.     Watch  for  hollow  backs.     Weight 
should  be  kept  forward.    The  breathing  should  be  deep  and  full. 

d.  Compensatory  Movements — Forward  downward  bending  of  trunk,  stoop- 
ing, leg  flinging  forward,  knee  upward  bendings,  often  combined  or  alternated 
with  movements  of  the  feet  and  arms.     Their  purpose  is  to  relieve  the  effects 
of  the  arching  movements  upon  the  lower  spine,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
strengthen  the  back  and  abdominal  muscles.     Care  must  be  taken  that  the 
chest  and  head  are  always  held  high  and  the  back  flat.     Movements  should 
be  vigorous,  snappy,  and  well  controlled. 

e.  Lateral  Trunk  Exercises — Twisting  and  side  bendings  of  trunk,  leg  fling- 
ing sidewrays,  combined  with  arm  movements  and  foot  placings.     This  type 
of  exercise  is  concerned  with  the  muscles  of  the  waist,  and  has  a  particularly 
beneficial  effect  upon  the  organs  within.     Trunk  movements  are  usually  slow, 
vigorous,  and  well  sustained.     The  accompanying  arm  movements  are  con- 
trastingly quick  and  snappy. 

f.  Balance  Exercises — Slow  leg  raisings,  standing  on  one  foot,  arm  move- 
ments or  march  steps  forward  from  toe   standing,  balance   steps,  etc.     The 
chief  purpose  is  to  train  bodily  control,  cultivating  a  sense  of  equilibrium  and 
accurate    weight  adjustment.     Erect   carriage   should    be    maintained   at    all 
times.     (This  type  of  exercise  often  enters  into  the  other  exercises,  and  is  for 
this  reason  frequently  omitted  as  a  distinct  exercise.) 

g.  Abdominal    Exercises — Leg   flingings    forward,    knee   upward    bendings. 
backward   leaning  of   trunk,   vaultings,   leg  raising   and   sinking   from   lying 
position.     As    the    name    indicates,    the    purpose    of    these    exercises    is    to 
strengthen  the  abdominal  muscles  and  stimulate  the  abdominal  organs.     They 
are  particularly  good  for  lessening  an  exaggerated  curve  in  the  hollow  of  the 
back.     Movements  should  be  vigorous  and  well  controlled.     Erect  carriage  of 
the  upper  trunk  should  be  constantly  maintained. 


19 

h.  Shoulder  Blade  Exercises — Ann  flingings,  arm  bendings  and  stretchings 
in  all  directions  and  in  various  rhythms.  They  may  be  introduced  as  an 
exercise  in  themselves,  but  are  more  often  used  in  combination  with  other 
movements.  Their  purpose  is  to  give  tone  and  strength  to  the  muscles  of 
the  arms  and  upper  back.  They  should  be  executed  with  snap,  vigor,  and 
finish — arms  and  fingers  fully  extended.-  Watch  for  drooping  heads,  hollow 
backs,  and  rounding  shoiilders. 

i.  Precipitant  Exercises — Spring  jumps,  cut  steps,  jumps  forwarder  side- 
ways, with  and  without  a  turn,  jumping  from  seats,  running  high  jump, 
vaults.  These  exercises  involve  the  use  of  large  muscular  groups,  and  have 
a  particularly  marked  organic  effect.  They  stimulate  the  circulation  and 
respiration,  and  develop  co-ordination  and  bodily  control.  Movements  should 
usually  be  quick  and  vigorous,  yet  light  and  steady.  Strive  for  uniform 
rhythm. 

j.  Breathing  Exercises  (see  arching  movements  above) — These  exercises 
are  not  always  stated,  but  should  if  possible  mark  the  finish  of  a  gymnastic 
lesson.  The  purpose  is  to  facilitate  a  return  to  a  more  quiet,  bodily  condition. 

D.    Particular  Suggestions  for  Teaching  Gymnastics  in  the  Classroom. 

1.  The  Beginning  of  Each  Lesson. 

a.  Where  the  work  is  given  indoors,  windows  should  be  open  wide.     The 
pupils  should  usually  face  these  for  their  breathing  exercises. 

b.  All  unnecessary  articles  should  be  moved  temporarily  out  of  the  way. 

c.  Boys  should  remove  coats  and  sweaters. 

d.  It    rs    recommended   that    the    children    wear    suitable    shoes,    such    as 
sneakers,  rubber  soled  shoes,  or  socks,  for  the  exercise. 

e.  Arrangement  of  class.     If  the  class  is  to  be  rearranged  for  the  gym- 
nastic work,  the  following  change  is  recommended:     Alternating  rows  of  boys 
and  girls,  with   the  tallest   at   the  back   of   the   room.     (For   exception,   see 
Posture. ) 

2.  Suggestions  for  Self. 

Know  your  lesson — maintain  erect  posture  at  all  times — cultivate  a  cheer- 
ful, enthusiastic  manner,  and  a  clear,  stimulating  voice— demonstrate  well — • 
work  yourself — keep  the  class  working— make  use  of  every  minute — and  keep 
constantly  in  mind  the  value  of  the  lesson  as  a  whole  and  the  value  of 
particular  exercises.  Demand  the  best  with  particular  regard  for  vigorous 
action,  accuracy,  speed,  uniformity,  good  form,  correct  posture.  Explain  the 
work  to  the  children — secure-  their  co-operation.  Try  at  all  times  to  make 
the  lesson  interesting  and  lively. 

3.  Standing  and  Sitting. 

a.  Standing — "Class — attention!''      (This    calls    for    best    sitting    position, 
which  should  be  as  follows:     Head  and  chest  high,  back  flat  and  away  from 
the  back  of  the  chair,  both  feet  squarely  on  the  floor)    (Fig.  26).     Commands 
may  be:     "Stand  up — one!''  or  "Ready  to  stand — one!"     (Grasp  corners  of  the 
desk  and  place  one  foot  in  the  aisle.)     "Two!:'     (Class  stands  at  attention  in 
the  aisles.) 

b.  Sitting.     Command  may  be:     "Be  seated — one!"     (The  foot  nearest  seat 
is  placed  in  front  of  it.)     "Two!"  (Class  in  seats,  sitting  at  attention.)     "At 
ease!" 

c.  In  the  Grammar  grades — •Standing  and  sitting  may  be  done  as  follows: 
"Class — attention!"     (See  above.)     "Ready — stand!''     "Ready — sit!'' 

4.  Marching  Arrangements. 

Marching  is  indicated  only  in  the  first  few  lessons  of  Grades  II-VL  It 
may,  however,  be  more  frequently  introduced.  Emphasize  erect  carriage, 
easy,  natural  swinging  of  the  arms,  light  step,  snappy,  sharp  rhythm.  The 
formations  shown  on  the  plate  may  be  used: 


20 

In  figure  1,  lines  follow  each  other  in  order  of  numbers.  March  around  once 
or  twice  and  back  to  place — unless  a  circle  is  desired,  in  which  case  the  lines 
continue  around  the  room  instead  of  marching  up  the  aisles.  This  formation 
may  be  used  in  Grades  I  and  II. 

In  figure  '2.  every  two  lines  march  around  one  row  of  desks.  This  formation 
may  be  used  in  Grades  III.  IV,  and  A". 

Figures  3  and  5  show  formations  for  zig/ag  marching  for  rooms  with 
even  (3)  and  uneven  (5)  numbers  of  rows  of  seats. 

Figure  4  shows  a  method  of  forming  a  circle  quickly. 

n.     Running. 

Grade  II:  One  row  at  a  time — individual  rhythm.  Emphasize  holding 
head  high,  and  running  lightly  and  quickly. 

Grades  III  and  IV:  At  first  one  row  at  a  time;  later,  rows  follow  each 
other.  Try  for  uniform  rhythm. 

Grades  V,  VI,  VII.  and  VIII:  Circle  formation,  running  in  rhythm,  "quick 
time"  and  "common  time — march!"  first  introduced  in  lesson  4  of  Grade  V. 

6.  Facings. 

a.  Essential  Characteristics — Facings  are  introduced  for  the  first   time  in 
the  9th  lesson  of  Grade  III.     At  first  facings  are  executed  on  two  commands, 
stopping  on  the  first.     Work  for  quick  turns  and  clean-cut,  snappy  sounds. 
After   the    first   few   practices,   teach   facings   on    two   counts   without    stop. 
Facings  are  done  as  two  count  movements  through  Grades  III,  IV.  V.  VI,  VII. 
In  Grade  VIII,  they  may  be  done  in  one  movement.     (This  style  of  facing 
may,  however,  be  used  earlier,  if  ability  of.  class  warrants  it.) 

Facings  and  march  steps,  to  be  effective,  should  be  executed  with  snap 
and  finish. 

Practice  facings  not  only  when  indicated,  but  throughout  the  lesson 
whenever  necessary.  Do  not  accept  slovenly  execution  of  facings. 

b.  Special  Times  for  Facings — (To  enable  class  to  perform  movements  with 
the  least  interference  from  desks.) 

Face  side  of  room  for  side  lunges;  alternate  knee  bending  from  the  stride 
position;  alternate  foot  placing  sideways. 

Face  obliquely  (one-half  left  or  right  facing)  for  oblique  charges;  for  any 
exercise  containing  arm  stretching  or  arm  flinging  sideways,  done  alone  or 
in  combination  with  other  movements.  (For  exceptions,  see  Grade  V.  lesson 
12,  exercise  5;  and  Grade  VI,  lesson  7,  exercise  6.) 

7.  Precipitant  Exercises. 

Running  high  jump.  Stand  in  front  and  a  little  to  one  side  and  be  ready 
to  receive  jumpers  to  prevent  any  falling  down. 

Spring  jumps  and  jumping  from  seats.  If  execution  of  these  by  whole 
class  causes  too  much  noise  and  confusion,  or  shaking  of  floor,  have  half  of 
the  class  jump  at  a  time. 

E.     Suggestions  for  Teaching  Gymnastics  in  th.e  Gymnasium  or  Playroom. 

1.  Note  suggestions  made  above  concerning  ventilation,  clothing,  arrange- 
ment of  pupils,  suggestions  for  self. 

'2.  Marching — (Music  may  accompany  marching  executed  bv  Grades  I 
and  II.) 

a.  Pupils  may  march  around  the  room  by  twos,  in  circle  formation.   Empha- 
size points  mentioned  under  4  above. 

b.  Or  the  pupils  may  march  down  the  center  of  the  room  by  twos  up  to 
a  certain  point.     Then  couples  alternate  going  to  left  and  right,  turning  and 
marching  back  to  the  rear.     Here  they  again  turn,  every  two  couples  going 
toward  each  other,  meeting,   making  a   quarter  turn   toward   the   front,   and 
marching   down   by   fours.     The   same   procedure   may   be   repeated   to   secure 
sets  of  eight,  the  groups  of  four  alternating  left  and  right. 


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21 

3.  Running — Particularly    good   for    wanning   up   exercise   on    chilly    days. 
(With  primary   children   it   will   be   helpful   to  accompany   the   running  with 
music.     See   under    dancing    11    d.)     Class   may    run    around    room    in    circle 
formation  by  twos  or  in  single  file.     The  following  commands  may  be  used : 
"On  toes — march!"     "Double    (or   quick)    time — march!''      (Rhythm    is   now 
quickened.     Heads   should   be  hold   high,   anus   bent   at   elbow   and   swinging 
naturally;  knees  should  be  well  brought  up  in  front,  heels  kicked  up  behind; 
step   should   be   light,   springy,   and   uniform    in    rhythm.)      Emphasize    deep 
breathing  through  the  nose. 

"Common  time  (normal) — march!"  Followed  immediately  by  four  complete 
running  steps,  with  a  natural  slackening  and  checking  of  momentum.  The 
fifth  step  is  emphasized  and  marks  the  initial  step  of  normal  marching. 

4.  Class  Arrangements  for  Gymnastics.     (See  under  1,  d.  above  for  arrange- 
ment of  individual  pupils.) 

.a.  The  class  may  inarch  in  single  file  around  the  room  (girl  and  boy 
alternating),  across  the  rear,  make  a  quarter  turn  to  the  front  of  the  room 
and  march  down  the  center  by  fours,  followed  by  other  sets  of  fours.  It  is 
customary  to  have  the  class  mark  time  in  place  until  all  are  completely 
arranged.  For  securing  proper  distances  it  is  suggested  that  each  pupil  raise 
his  arms  to  the  side  as  he  marks  time  ii>  place. 

b.  For  another  method,  the  class  may  march  by  twos  (boy  and  girl)  around 
the  room,  directly  across  the  rear,  and  mark  time  until  all  are  together  in  two 
straight  lines.  Previous  leaders  having  been  agreed  upon,  these,  at  a  given 
signal  (sxich  as  "Leaders — turn!"),  may  make  a  quarter  turn  to  the  front, 
separate  at  suitable  distances  from  each  other,  and  march  down  to  a  prescribed 
point,  followed  by  their  respective  lines.  All  mark  time  until  the  command  for 
halting  is  given.  Each  pupil  should  be  responsible  for  the  proper  space  in 
front  of  him.  He  may  take  "Arms  distance"  to  secure  this. 


Movement  to  Class  Formation. 

5.  The  gymnastic  exercises  used  may  be  the  same  as  those  used  in  the 
classroom.  Greater  freedom  will  be  felt,  however,  and  larger  and  more 
vigorous  movements  can  be  performed. 

F.     Posture. 

1.  Introduction — lit  recent  years  the  subject  of  bodily  posture  has  become 
one  of  increasing  importance.  Educators  have  made  it  a  special  topic,  physi- 
cians have  given  it  their  undivided  attention,  authoritative  books  have 
devoted  chapters  and  often  entire  contents  to  it.  and  in  the  fall  of  1913,  the 
American  Posture  League  was  formed  for  the  essential  purpose  of  preventing 


22 

and  improving  conditions  that  adversely  affect  posture.  It  is  accepted  by  all 
of  the  foregoing  that  complete  bodily  efRciencj  can  be  realized  very  largely 
through  correct  posture.  This,  as  denned  by  the  American  Posture  league,  is 
"one  in  'which  the  different  segments  of  the  body — the  head,  neck,  chest,  and 
abdomen — are  balanced  vertically  one  upon  the  other,  so  that  the  weight— is 
borne  mainly  by  the  bony  framework  and  a  minimum  of  effort  and  .strain  is 
placed  upon  the  muscles  and  ligaments.  (See  Figures  I  and  2.)  In  this 
posture  under  normal  conditions  the  organic  functions — respiration,  circula- 
tion, digestion,  etc. — are  performed  with  the  least  mechanical  obstruction  and 
with  the  greatest  efficiency .'* 

Aside  from  the  physiological  value  of  correct  posture,  its  educational  and 
moral  value  cannot  be  overestimated.  Those  who  not  only  convey  impres- 
sions, but  are  actually  the  embodiment  of  intelligence,  courage,  alertness, 
confidence,  trust,  are  those  who  carry  themselves  with  erect  dignity  and  poise. 
Consider  leaders  and  men  of  action!  Soldiers,  generals,  athletes,  statesmen, 
orators,  kings,  and  queens!  True,  there  are  exceptions,  but  they  are  excep- 
tions. When  the  painter  or  sculptor  desires  to  picture  joy  and  life,  leadership 
and  victory,  energy  and  determination,  his  figures  are  drawn  erect,  the  head 
is  high,  the  chest  full^  the  whole  body  poised  forward,  ready  for  action. 

There  are  two  distinct  types  of  mal-posture ;  one,  the  so-called  relaxed 
type,  in  which  the  head  is  drooped  forward,  the  chest  flat  and  sunken,  the 
shoulders  rounded,  the  shoulder  blades  often  protruding,  the  abdominal 
muscles  relaxed  and  flabby  (the  lower  part  of  the  back  may  or  may  not 
be  hollow),  and  the  weight  of  the  body  generally  resting  upon  the  heels 
(Fig.  30).  With  these  conditions  it  is  very  evident  that  the  various  organs, 
the  heart,  lungs,  stomach,  kidneys,  intestines,  etc.,  are  in  a  distinctly  cramped 
position,  and,  in  fact,  are  often  displaced.  Such  cramping  and  displacing 
means  strain,  pressure,  friction,  with  a  consequent  impairment  of  functions, 
and  such  unhealthy  results  as  indigestion,  cramps,  constipation,  anemia, 
general  physical  debility  and  a  possible  predisposition  to  such  diseases  as 
tuberculosis. 

The  second  distinct  type  of  mal-posture  is  the  so-called  curvature  of  the 
spine.  To  the  layman's  eye  this  condition  may  not  seem  easily  discernible. 
Aside  from  a  more  or  less  conspicuous  sideways  curve  of  the  spine,  such  more 
evident  physical  characteristics  may  be  noted:  A  prominent  hip,  a  projecting 
shoulder  blade,  one  shoulder  higher  than  the  other,  a  twisting  of  the  head  or 
trunk.  These  may  or  may  not  be  accompanied  by  round  shoulders,  sunken 
chest,  relaxed  abdomen. 

In  order  to  get  at  the  prevention  and  improvement  of  such  unnatural  and 
unhealthy  bodily  postures,  we  must  know  what  the  causes  are.  The  common 
relaxed  type  is  often  assumed  temporarily  from  sheer  weariness  and  fatigue. 
It  is  then  a  means  of  relaxation  and  rest.  But  its  habitual  assumption  may 
be  due  to  the  following  causes:  Disease  of  the  spine  (which  renders  the 
bony  vertibrae  soft  and  yielding),  inherited  muscular  weakness,  too  rapid 
growth,  with  no  corresponding  development  of  the  muscles,  insufficient  nutri- 
tion (which  means  poorly  nourished  and  therefore  weak  muscles),  improper 
positions  assumed  during  long  periods  of  time,  while  sitting  or  standing: 
poorly  made  clothes,  and  a  lazy,  indifferent  mental  attitude,  which  considers 
the  line  of  least  resistance  the  best  to  follow.  Ere^t  -pasture  is  jt  p^aifi»-p 
active  position,  which  requires  voluntary  muscuTareffort.  If  we  can  make 
this  position  habitual,  the  battle  is  half  won. 

The  causes  of  spinal  curvature  are  somewhat  similar  to  those  of  the 
relaxed  position,  especially  the  habit  or  occupation  cause,  sitting  or  standing 
in  a  twisted  or  slumped  position  for  long  periods  of  time.  It  must  be 
remembered  that  the  spinal  column  is  very  flexible,  being  made  up  of  bony 
vertibrae,  separated  by  elastic  cartilagenous  discs,  and  that,  especially  during 
the  plastic  stage  of  childhood,  it  will  yield  itself  readily  to  the  unhygienic 
demands  made  upon  it.  Carrying  heavy  weights  continuously  on  one  side 


Fig.  26. 


Fig.  27. 


Fig.  .' 


Fig.   2!>. 


Fid.   .?/. 


•     23 

<Fig.  28),  standing  on  one  foot  (Fig.  29),  sitting  in  poorly  adapted  chairs,  will 
«ventxially  produce  a  spinal  curve.  So  also  will  defective  hearing  and  vision, 
whereby  the  head  is  twisted  more  or  less  to  one  side,  and  such  diseases  of 
the  nerves,  muscles,  bones  as  infantile  paralysis,  rickets,  and  tiiberculosis. 

With  these  causes  in  mind,  much  can  be  done  to  prevent  the  evils  of  mal- 
posture.  The  most  advantageous  and  most  encouraging  time  to  begin  is 
tluring  the  years  of  childhood,  when  the  bones  and  muscles  yield  readily  to 
training  and  good  habits  may  easily  be  acquired.  The  problem  of  p_rop_er 
sleeping,  nutrition,  and  dress  must  be  solved  chiefly  at  home,  though  practical 
hints  and  suggestions  caTTTJe  made  in  the  schoolroom.  But  the  problem  of 
uiif;  exercise,  suitable  furniture,  and  proper  sitting  and  standing  positions  is 
largely  in  the  hands  of  school  authorities.  As  has  been  suggested,  desks  and 
seats  should  be  properly  and  frequently  adjusted  to  meet  the  physical  needs 
of  the  child.  The  room  should  be  carefully  ventilated,  recess  periods  should 
be  frequent,  and  definite  time  should  be  xised  for  lively  exercise,  preferably 
performed  out  of  doors.  Part  of  this  exercise  should  be  concerned  with  the 
definite  purpose  of  improving  and  preventing  incorrect  posture.  (See  arching 
movements,  balance  and  abdominal  SxercTses. )  The  pupils  should  know 
definitely  wlmt^^ojcrfici-posture  looks  like,  how  to  assume  it,  and  why.  Care 
nrnst  be  taTcerTjthat  the  pupils  in  their  eager  efforts  do  not  assume  the 
exaggerated  or  "bantam"  position  (Fig.  3).  And  it  should  be  emphasized  not 
only,  during  exercise  but  at  all  other  times,  particularly  while  standing  during 
recitations  and  while  sitting.  (Writing  and  studying),  (Fig.  26). 

2.     Special  Tests  and  Means  of  Stimulation. 

As  a  means  of  stimulation,  the  following  tests  are  recommended  with  the 
accompanying  marking  and  records.  For  further  details  see  Miss  Jessie 
Bancroft's  "Posture  of  School  Children." 

a.  The  Vertical  Line  Test — In  correct  posture  the  long  axis  of  the  trunk 
and  that  of  the  neck  and  head  form  together  a  straight  line.     This  may  be 
tested  as  follows:     Take  a  long  stick,  such  as  a  window  stick,  and  hold  it  in 
such  a  vertical  position  that  it  forms  a  line  from  the  front  of  the  child's  ear 
to  the  forward  part  of  the  foot.     ("Any  point  from  the  middle  of  the  arch 
to  the  ball  of  the  foot." — Bancroft.)     If  the  child  is  standing  correctly,  it  will 
t»e  found  that  this  stick  is  parallel  with  the  long  axes  of  the  head,  neck,  and 
trunk   (Fig.  31).     In  poor  posture  it  will  be  noticed  that  these  axes  form  a 
broken  line,  zigzag  in  appearance  (Fig.  30). 

b.  The  Triple  Test* — In  this  test  the  teacher  must  needs  have  a  keen,  rapid 
observation  to   recognize  any  postural  faults.     The  test  should  be  given  to 
-each  class  once  a  month  and  should  consist  of  trying  each  child's  ability  to 
maintain  good  posture  during  standing,  marching,  exercise. 

(1)  Standing  Test — The  command,  "Attention!"  is  given,  and  the  teacher 
rapidly  inspects  her  class  in  profile.     Those  who  are  standing  poorly  should 
be  requested  to  sit  down. 

(2)  Marching  Test — Those  W7ho  have  passed  the  standing  test  are  now  put 
through    simple   marching   tactics    (which   may   consist   simply   of    marching 
forward  and  halting  to  command).     It  will  be  found  that  many  of  the  pupils 
will  relax  and  fall  into  faulty  attitudes  as  they  move.     These  pupils  should 
fee  noted  and  asked  to  sit  down. 

(3)  Exercise  Test — The  remaining  pupils  are   no-,v  given  a   few  exercises 
requiring  control  and  co-ordination  of  the  neck,  shoulder,  and  trunk  muscles. 
Tind  general  bodily  poise. 

c.  Grouping — All   pupils   who   have   maintained  good  postures   throughout 
the  three  tests  should  form  Division  I,  and  should  be  so  grouped  for  the  daily 
gymnastics.     Pupils  who  did  not  pass,  should  form  Division  II,  and  during 

"See  "Posture  of  School  Children,"  Bancroft. 


the  daily  gymnastics  should  receive  the  special  attention   of  the  teacher  for 
suggestions  and  help. 

d.  Individual  Ratings  and  Promotion — Pupils   in   Division   I   may  receive 
special  ratings,  as  A,  for  the  highest,  and  B,  for  a  passing  mark.  The  teacher's 
standard  should  be  high,  and  promotion  should  be  well  earned.     Accept  only 
the  best  for  A's  in  Division  I.     Special  individual  pins  have  been  designed  by 
the   American    Posture    League.     For   conditions,    address    American    Posture 
League,  New  York  city. 

e.  Class  Percentages  and  Records — As  a  means  of  further  stimulation,  the 
class  rating  on  posture  should  be  figured  each  month,  after  the  triple  test,  and 
posted  on  the  blackboard  along  with  individual  ratings.     The  class  percentage 
may  be  secured  by  dividing  the  number  of  pupils  who  riassed  by  the  total 
attendance  at  the  time  the  test  was  made.     Furthermore,  each  grade  should 
know  about  the  results  estimated  in  other  grades.     Possibly,  a  special  posture 
banner  can  be  devised  to  be  given  to  the  grade   (every  month,  or  every  two 
months,  or  at  the  end  of  the  semester)   which  has  the  highest  percentage  of 
erect  pupils. 

The  teacher  must  not  expect  a  high  percentage  after  the  first  u.se  of  the 
triple  test.  It  may  be  that  she  will  find  only  three  or  four  pupils,  or  even 
less,  worthy  of  membership  in  Division  I,  and  particularly  of  the  rating  A. 
But  with  each  month's  test.,  the  percentage  should  grow  until  at  the  end  of 
the  year  she  may  find  85  per  cent,  of  her  class  in  Division  I. 

3.  References — American  Posture  League,  special  pamphlets,  charts  and 
pictures,  standardized  chairs,  shoes,  desks,  etc.,  posture  pin.  .Bancroft,  J., 
Posture  of  School  Children,  Fischer  and  Fisk,  How  to  Live.  Goldthwait,  J., 
Relation  of  Posture  to  Human  Efficiency  (Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Jour- 
nal). Lovett,  R.,  Lateral  Curvature  of  the  Spine  and  Round  Shoulders.  I'yle, 
"W..  Personal  Hygiene. 

G.     Suggestive  Drills  and  Exercises. 

It  may  be  found  that  a  number  of  the  exercises  suggested  in  these 
lessons  are  not  easily  performed  in  some  of  the  classrooms.  The  teacher  will 
need  to  select  exercises  which  best  fit  the  conditions  of  her  particular  room. 

The  teacher  of  the  one  room  school,  or  of  classes  made  up  of  more  than 
one  grade,  has  a  difficult  problem  to '  solve.  Where  there  are  four  grades 
working  together  (from  I-IV),  it  may  be  feasible  to  begin  with  story  plays 
and  gradually  work  in  exercises  selected  from  the  lessons  for  Grades  II  and 
III,  especially  those  of  the  mimetic  type.  For  Grades  VI -VIM.  exercises 
"may  be  selected  from  the  lessons  for  Grades  V  and  VI.  and  possibly  Vil. 

Where  there  are  more  than  four  grades  working  together,  the  teacher  must 
use  her  ingenuity  and  knowledge  of  class  in  selecting  exercises  which  will 
appeal  to  all.  In  general  they  shoxild  be  of  a  simple,  yet  vigorous  type,  easily 
put  to  rhythm.  The  mimetic  type  of  exercise  will  probably  prove  to  be  the 
most  suitable. 

1.     The  gymnastics  may  take  the  following  forms: 

a.  Grade  I- — Story  plays,  mimetic  exercises  for  use  during  the  relief  periods. 

b.  Grade   II- — Simple   gymnastic    drills,   series   of   exercises   for   the    relief 
periods. 

c.  Grades     III-VIII — Formal    gymnastic     drills,     relief     period     programs, 
mimetic  exercises. 

d.  High  School — Formal  gymnastic  drills,  mimetic  exercises. 

'1.  The  gymnastic  drills  comprise  15  lessons.  These  should  cover  the 
school  year,  as  it  is  expected  that  they  will  not  be  introduced  before  October 
and  will  be  discontinued  at  the  end  of  April.  Each  lesson  should  be  taught 
six  times,  thus  covering  a  period  of  two  weeks.  This,  however,  is  not  a  hard 
and  fast  rule.  Where  special  holidays  interrupt,  the  period  will  consequently 
be  lengthened.  On  the  other  hand,  quick,  energetic  classes  may  learn  a  lesson 
well  within  a  shorter  period. 


Each  complete  lesson  (seven  to  eight  exercises)  of  these  drills  will  need 
usually  a  minimum  of  ten  minutes  for  satisfactory  execution.  Should  it  be 
necessary  to  shorten  each  lesson,  one  or  two  exercises  may  be  alternated  with 
certain  other  exercises — as  indicated,  the  alternation  taking  place  each  time 
the  lesson  is  taught,  or  every  fourth  day.  This  would  mean  that  one  of  the 
two  exercises  is  taught  three  consecutive  times  and  then  is  dropped  for  the 
other,  which  would  also  be  taught  consecutively. 

3.  The  relief  periods  are,  as  their  name  suggests,  short  periods  of  relief  to 
follow  periods  of  study  and  cramped  sitting  position.  They  are  given  in  sets 
of  three — two  for  the  morning  and  one  for  the  afternoon.  The  first  set 
consists  of  exercises  chiefly  corrective  in  purpose.  The  two  other  sets  aim  to 
set  the  air  of  the  room  in  motion  and  to  stimulate  the  circulation  and 
respiration.  The  exercises  should  be  repeated  vigorously  and  in  rhythm, 
except  most  of  the  corrective  exercises.  • 

H.  References — Anderson,  W.,  Light  Gymnastics  ;  Manual  of  Physical  Train- 
ing for  Boys  and  Girls.  Bailey,  Ruth,  Physical  Training  Methods  for  the 
Schoolroom.  Bancroft,  J.,  School  Gymnastics,  Light  Apparatus.  Bowen,  W., 
Teaching  of  Elementary  School  Gymnastics.  Clarke,  Lydia,  Physical  Training 
for  the  Elementary  Schools.  Indianapolis,  Syllabus  of  Training.  Ko.ehler,  H.  J., 
Manual  of  Physical  Training.  Kuenzli,  P.,  Manual  of  Physical  Training. 
McCurdy,  J.,  Hygienic  Dumb  Bell  Drill.  Michigan,  Physical  Training  for  the 
City  Schools.  Newark,  N.  J.,  Course  of  Study  in  Physical  Training  for  the 
Elementary  Schools.  New  York,  Syllabus  for  Physical  Training  in  the  Ele- 
mentary and  Secondary  Schools  of  the  State.  Rath.  Emil,  Theory  and  Practice 
of  Physical  Education,  Free  Exercises  With  and  Without  Hand  Apparatus. 
Rochester,  Syllabus  on  Physical  Training.  Schrader,  Carl,  Tactics.  Skarstrom, 
W.,  Gymnastic  Teaching.  Stecher,  W.,  Hand  Book  of  Graded  Lessons  in 
Physical  Training,  Educational  Gymnastics.  United  States  Infantry  Drill 
Regulations. 

DANCING. 

A.  Introduction — Dancing  is  a  source  of  exercise  because  it  stimulates  the 
use  and  subsequent  development  of  large,  muscular  groups,  and  because  of 
its    powerful    organic    effects — such    as    stimulation    of    the    circulation    and 
respiration.     It    is    a    means    of    recreation    because    its    music    and    rhythm 
refresh  and  reinvigorate  the  mind.     It  is  a  source  of  grace  because  it  tends 
to  stimulate  and  develop  muscular  control,  smoothness  of  muscular  contrac- 
tion,   graceful    combination    of    movements    of    arms,    legs,    and    trunk,    and 
accurate    adjustment    of    body   weight.     It    calls    for    self-expression,    and    is 
therefore  a  means  of  training  the  ability  to  dramatize  and  interpret  through 
bodily  expression.     "To  express  their  feelings  in  motor  terms,  to  dramatize 
the  emotions,  habits,  customs  of  a  people  are  old  practices  of  practically  all 
the   human  races."     Children   love  rhythm  and  respond  naturally  and   spon- 
taneously when   given  the  means  of   expression,   and  they   should    be   taught 
not  only  through  the  voice  but  through  bodily  action  as  well. 

B.  Requisites  of  the  Teacher  of  Dancing. 

1.  Natural  liking  for  and  appreciation  of  dancing — enthusiasm  and  expres- 
sion. 

•2.     Ability  to  dance  with  at  least  average  skill. 

3.  Patience. 

4.  Keen    observation — she    should    be    quick    to    detect,  little    or    big    inac- 
curacies. 

•5.     Firm  leadership  in  matters  of  attention  and  discipline. 
i».     Definite  knowledge  of: 

a.  Aims  and  possibilities  of  the  various  dances — nationality,  characteristic 
ways  of  expression;    if  dramatic,   the  most   effective   and   consistent    way    of 
interpreting  it. 

b.  Child  development,  characteristics  of  the  periods  of  childhood. 

c.  Music — Various    tempos   and   appropriate   manner   of    expression.      (The 
ability  to  play  is  an  invaluable  aid  to  the  teacher  of  dancing.  I 

d.  Methods  and  principles  of  teaching. 


26 

C.    Principles  and  Methods. 

1.  Folk  Dancing  can  best  be  taught  in  a  large,  vacant  room,  in  order  to> 
permit  abandon  and  freedom  of  movement.     If  taught  in  the  classroom,  the 
restricting  conditions  will  generally  demand  a  modification  and  simplification 
of  the  dance — particularly  if  it  is  not  possible  to  practice  in  circle  formation 
around  the  outer  edge  of  the  room.     In  such  case,  the  regular  class  formation 
must  be  used,  the  children  executing  the  steps  up  and  down  the  aisles.     This 
formation,  desks  or  no  desks,  is  particularly  good  for  teaching  new  steps  and 
movements.     In  this  line  formation,  each  pupil  can  work  out  for  himself  (the 
teacher  guiding)  the  mastery  of  a  single  step  or  movement. 

2.  Music — The   piano,    or    record    sound    producing   machine,    is    the    most 
effective  instrument  to  accompany  the  dancing.     Singing  may  prove  a  good 
substitute  or  supplement.     The  music  should  be  appropriate,  and  should  be 
played  accurately  as  to  tempo  and  melody,  and  should  be  played  with  expres- 
sion— interpreting  the  characteristics  of  the  various  steps  and  moods  «>t'  the 
dance  in  the  most  stimulating  manner.     The  pianist  is  at  first  an  accompanist, 
taking  her  time  from  the  teacher.     Later  the  class  accompanies  the  pianist. 

3.  Starting — The  teacher  should  have  a  definite  command  for  starting  the 
class   and   pianist   together,   to   insure   uniform    response,    such    as   "Heady — 
begin!"  (or  "Go!") 

4.  The  teacher  should  know  the  dance  to  be  taught— be  able  to  execute 
the  various  steps  with  accuracy  and  finish — should  know  without  hesitation 
the   sequence   of  steps   and  the   most   effective   interpretation   of   these.     She 
should  know  the  correct  tempo  of  music,  and  what  parts  or  measures  fit  the 
different   steps.     She  should   have   a   definite   plan   of   presentation   in    mind, 
much  depending  upon  the  character  of  the  steps  and  abilities  of  her  class. 

5.  Presentation. 

a.  Demonstration  followed  by  imitation,  or  demonstration  accompanied  by 
imitation,  supplemented  by  explanatory  words  and  admonitions.     The  teacher 
should  demonstrate  with  accuracy,  finish,  and  expression. 

b.  Progression  should  be  slow  and  sure.     Complicated  steps  split  up  into- 
simple  movements,  and  one  thing  taught  at  a  time.     It  is  necessary  t<»  repeat 
often.     Drill  work  is  essential.     The  regular  class  formation  mentioned  above 
will  be  found  helpful  for  individual  instmction. 

c.  The  finer  details  of  expression  should  be  left  until  the  mechanical  details- 
have  been  overcome. 

d.  It  will  be   found   helpful  to   have  children   listen   to   the   music   before 
teaching  them  the  dance  or  step.     This  helps  them  to  sense  the  rhythm. 

e.  Children   who   are   particularly    skilful   may   be   asked    to   demonstrate 
certain  steps  or  formations.     This  often  makes  a  more  vivid  impression  and 
acts  usually  as  an  incentive  to  the  other  children. 

f.  Rhythm  is  at  first  slow  and  is  quickened  only  as  the  class  masters  the 
mechanism  of  the  steps.     The  teacher  should  mark  time,  using  either  numerals- 
(according  to  the  tempo  of  the  music),  or  terms  which  are   descriptive   and 
suggestive- — making  sure  that  the  saying  of  the  words  is  in  time  with   the 
rhythm   of   the  dance.     Know   how  to  anticipate   new   steps   when    then-   are 
more  than  two  to  be  executed  in  unbroken  sequence. 

G.  Discipline,  Attention,  Interest — The  teacher  should  at  all  times  have  the 
attention  of  the  class.  Her  voice  should  always  be  firm  and  commanding,  her 
explanations  clearly  enunciated  and  expressed,  her  demonstrations  h'ni>hed 
and  enthusiastic.  She  should  be  cheerful,  and  try  to  make  her  class  feel 
success. 

7.  Observation  of  Mistakes  and  Inaccuracies  Note  mechanical  difficulties 
and  know  the  cause  and  remedy  for  the  same.  Note  discrepancies  in  expres- 
sion— the  finer  details,  the  turn  of  the  head,  the  bend  in  the  \\aist.  the 
position  of  the  hands  and  feet.  etc.  In  general,  toes  should  be  pointed,  ankles 


DANCING   ARRANGEMENTS 


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NX 


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A  D  D  D  D  D  V 

JVQ  a  p  a  a  v 

A  D  a  D  D  D  V 


-iA 


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r 


v    r 


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27 

extended,  the  hands  on  the  skirt  (unless  joined),  or  at  the  waist  in  dance 
position,  and  the  head  and  chest  held  high. 
8.    Common  Technical  Terms  and  Formations. 

a.  Line  formation.     (In  open,  space,  Fig.  1).     (In  classroom.  Fig.  2.) 

b.  Circle   formations.      (In   open   space,   Fig.   3.)      (In   classroom,   Fig.   4.) 
Single  circle — partners  standing  behind  each  other,  boy  and  girl.  Figs.  3  and  4. 
Single  circle — partners  standing   side  by   side,  boy  and  girl,   Fig.   5.     Single 
circle — partners  facing  each  other,  boy  and  girl.  Fig.  6.     Double  circle — part- 
ners side  by  side,  boy  and  girl,  Fig.  7.     Double  circle — partners  facing  each 
other,  boy  and  girl,  Fig.  8. 

c.  Outside  partner — usually  the  girl,  on  the  outside  of  the  circle,  farthest 
away  from  the  center. 

d.  Inside  partner — usually  the  boy,  on  the  inside  of  the  circle,  nearest  the 
center. 

e.  Outside    hands— right    hand    of    outside    partner,    left    hand    of    inside 
partner. 

f.  Inside  hands — left  hand  of  outside  partner,  right  hand  of  inside  partner. 

g.  Inside  and  outside  feet.     (See  e  and  f  above.) 

h.  In  line  of  direction — movement  generally  forward  from  left  to  right. 
Fig.  9. 

i.  To  move  clockwise,  or  with  the  sun,  is  to  move  from  right  to  left. 
Fig.  10.  To  move  counter-clockwise,  or  against  the  sun,  is  to  move  from  left 
to  right.  Fig.  9. 

j.     To  hook  arms  is  to  join  an  arm  within  an  arm.  elbow  within  elbow. 

k.  To  t\irn  partner  means,  in  most  cases,  to  turn  partner  completely 
around  in  place,  going  from  right  to  left. 

(1)  Right  hands  only  may  be  joined.     Fig.   11. 

(2)  Both  hands  may  be  joined,  arms  extended  in  front   (Fig.  13)   or  side- 
ways (Fig.  14). 

(3)  Right  arm  may  be  around  partner's  waist.    Fig.  12. 

(4)  Or  both  hands  may  be  placed  at  partner's  waist.     Fig.  15. 
1).     Descriptions  of  Fundamental  Dancing  Steps. 

1.  Skipping — 2/4,  lightness,  bodily  abandon,  and  joyousness.     No  stiffness. 
Free  movement  of  the  head,  trunk  and  arms,  happy  facial  expression. 

2.  Walking  or  marching  in  rhythm  to  music,  6/8,  4/4.     Rhythm  should  be 
uniform  and  steady.     Music  should  emphasize  the  martial  tread.     The  body 
should  be  held  erect,  head  and  chest  high,  but  not  stiffly.     There  is  a  natural 
twisting  of  the  body  as  one  foot  goes  forward,  and  the  arms  should  be  allowed 
to  swing  easily  and  unconsciously  by  the  side.     Always  emphasize  erect  car- 
riage when  marching.     Sometimes  the  toes  are  pointed  and  reach  the  floor 
first. 

3.  Running — 2/4,    lightly   and    snappily   on    the    toes,    head   thrown    back, 
kicking   heels   behind.     Music    should   be    light    and    staccato,   and    happy    in 
melody. 

4.  Sliding — 6/8.     Difficult   for  children  to  get.     Most  of  them  take  steps 
sideways   with   stiff   knees,    or   leap   and   hop.     Should   be    executed    with    a 
smooth   gliding   motion    sideways    on    toes,    knees    more    or    less    bent    con- 
tinuously; a  quick  transferring  of  weight,  which  is  kept  mostly  on  the  advanc- 
ing foot. 

(See  also  Moses:  Rhythmic  Action  Plays  and  Dances,  introductory  discus- 
sion on  teaching  of  dancing.) 

.5.  Polka  Step — 24.  This  should  be  taught  in  the  following  progression, 
each  .-tep  being  mastered  thoroughly  before  taking  up  the  next  step.  Go 
slowly.  Try  only  for  the  mastery  of  the  simple  polka  step  and  rhythm.  The 
hop  and  bodily  expression  can  be  added  later: 


28 

Stamp,  stamp,  stamp,  and  hold  (left,  right,  left,  hold;  right,  left,  right, 
hold). 

Step,  step,  step,  and  hold  (on  toe). 

Step,  step,  step,  and  hold  (moving  sideways). 

Slide,  step,  step,  and  hold   (diagonally  forward  left  and  right). 

Be  careful  that  the  children  do  not  fall  into  taking  three  walking  or  running 
steps.  The  second  step  never  advances  beyond  the  first  step,  but  comes  just 
behind. 

Review  previous  progression  of  polka  step.  Try  to  introduce  a  hop  just 
before  the  slide,  as  follows:  Hop  slide,  step,  step.  When  this  is  thoroughly 
mastered,  try  for  bodily  expression — the  bend  in  the  waist  towards  the  side 
of  the  extended  foot.  Emphasize  extended  ankles  and  pointed  toes. 

6.  Heel  Toe  Polka — When  the  heel  is  touched  forward,  the  body  leans  back- 
ward, making  a   straight   line  from   toe   to  head.     If  it   is  the  outside   foot 
forward,  the  head  is  turned  away  (when  done  in  couples),  and  vice  versa  when 
the  inside  foot  is  used.     Always  teach  the  steps  to  individuals  first;  later  try 
in  couples.     When  the  toe  is  touched  backward,  the  body  is  thrown  forward — 
again  making  a  straight  line  from  head  to  foot.     The  knee  of  the  supporting 
foot  is  bent  in  both  instances;  the  knee  of  the  moving  leg  is  kept  straight. 

7.  Curtsies  and  Salutations. 

a.  Peasant  Curtsey — Stepping  sideways  with  one  foot,  then  bringing  the 
toe  of  the  other  foot  close  behind  the  heel  of  the  first  foot — at  the  same  time 
bending   and    stretching    the    knees    rather    abruptly.     The    curtsey    may    be 
accompanied  by  a  curt  bob  of  the  head.     The  hands  may  clasp  skirt,  or  be 
placed  at  waist  in  dance  position  (akimbo). 

b.  Minuet   Curtsey — Hands   grasp   skirt,   dancer   steps   sideways   with   the 
left,  swings  the  right  foot  well  back,  putting  the  weight  of  the  body  upon  it 
in  such  a  way  that  the  knee  is  bent,  and  only  the  toe  of  left  foot  touches  the 
floor;  leg  absolutely  extended.  The  trunk  is  bent  forward  a  little  (counts  1-3). 

To  complete  this  curtsey,  the  trunk  is  raised,  the  weight  is  transferred 
entirely  upon  the  left  foot  (count  4).  a  step  is  taken  sideways  with  the  right 
foot  (.count  5),  and  the  heels  are  brought  together  (count  6).  Should  the 
curtsey  start  with  the  right  foot,  conditions  would  be  reversed. 

c.  Boy's  Salutation — (Hands  are  on  the  hips,  fingers  forward.)     Boy  steps 
sideways   (this  is  not  .always  necessary),  then  brings  the  heels  together  and 
bends  forward  from  the  waist  (back  straight)  toward  partner,  and  returns  to 
erect  position. 

The  bending  forward  may  be  accompanied  by  a  sweeping  gesture  of  the 
right  arm,  the  latter  moving  outward  to  the  right  as  a  step  is  taken  sideways 
to  the  left;  then  sweeping  inward,  describing  a  semi-circle  as  the  trunk  is 
bent  forward;  then  placed  upon  the  hip  with  the  return  to  the  erect  position. 
All  is  executed  in  a  smooth,  continuous  manner. 

8.  Hop  Waltz — This  may  be  described  as  a  step  forward,  then  a   hop  on 
the  same  foot,  the  other  foot  held  bent  behind  in  mid-air.     The  head  should 
be  held  high,  chest  arched.     The  rhythm  is  steady  and  somewhat  heavy. 

9.  Step  Swing — A  stepping  sideways  or  diagonally  forward,  with  one  foot 
followed  by  a  raising  forward  of  the  other   (knee  straight,  ankle  extended). 
The  heel  of  the  supporting  foot  is  sometimes  raised  slightly  from  the  floor. 
The  body  bends  toward  the  side  of  the  extended  leg. 

10.  Pointings — Lifting   the   leg    (ankle   well  extended),  at    the   same   time 
bending  the  knee,  then  a  gradual  straightening,  then  complete  extension  of 
knee.     The  leg  is  firm  and  straight  when  the  tip  of  the  foot  touches  the  lloor 
lightly   and    daintily.     The   whole    foot    should   never   be   slapped   down.     The 
trunk   bends    very    slightly    over    the   extended    leg.    but    there    should    be    no 
exaggerated    droop   of    the    head    or   shoulders    forward.     The    eyes   may    look 
down,   but    the   head   should  be   held   almost  erect,  witli   perhaps   a    little   tilt 
sideways. 


29 

11.  Draw  Step — Step  sideways  with  the  right  (or  left),  then/drag  or  draw 
the   left  heel  towards  the  right   toe,   turning  the   heel   well   out.     The   right 
knee  bends  slightly.     There  is  a  distinct  outward  rotation  of  the  leg.     Weight 
is  kept  entirely  on  the  advancing  foot,  except  just  at  the  instant  when  the 
weight  must  be  transferred  onto  the  left  in  order  to  lift  the  right  foot  for  a 
new  step  sideways.     The  left  knee  at  this  instance  bends  a  little. 

12.  Schottische — The   progression   is:      Stamp,   stamp,   stamp,   hold;    step, 
stamp,  stamp,  hold;  step,  step,  step,  hold  (on  toes);  slide,  step,  step,  hold  (on 
toes);   slide,  cut,  step,  hop   (sideways  and  forward). 

The  step  may  be  executed  first  in  place  and  then  diagonally  forward.  On 
the  hop,  the  free  foot  should  be  swung  forward  and  extended.  The  body  bends 
toward  the  side  of  the  extended  foot. 

13.  Chicken  Hop  (Lame  Step) — "Hop  step — step!''    This  should  be  taught 
slowly.     It  is  best  introduced  by  having  the  class  move  forward  slowly   in 
time  with  the  music  (2/4),  emphasizing  the  first  of  every  two  steps.    If  start- 
ing forward  with  the  left,  the  left  will  always  be  emphasized,  and  vice  versa 
if    starting   with    the    right.     Knees    are    kept    stiff,    especially    that    of    the 
emphasized  foot,  which  is  raised  extended  from  the  floor  each  time  to  permit 
greater  force.     Head  and  chest  are  held  high.     The  body  bends  at  the  waist 
slightly  sideways  as  the  foot  is  raised,  and  slightly  backward  as  the  same 
foot  stamps  the  floor.     Try  later  for  a  hop  or  skip — this  always  being  done 
by  the  unemphasized  foot. 

14.  Two-Step — The   progression   may   be   first   four   slides   left   and  right, 
then  diagonally  forward  left  and  right,  and  diagonally  backward;   then  two 
slides  left  and  right,  diagonally  forward,  and  diagonally  backward.     Practice 
the  two  slides  with  the  children  in  circle  formation,  having  them  go  forward 
and  backward.     Later  introduce  the  turn. 

15.  Cut  Steps  (as  in  Irish  Lilt) — These  should  be  taught  piece  by  piece  on 
command.     Then  a  gradual  quickening  in  the  changes  until  the  proper  rhythm 
is    reached.        Much    preliminary    practice    and    repetition    will    probably    be 
necessary.     The    simple    act    of    cutting    one    foot    sideways    or    forward,    of 
transferring  the  weight  from  one  foot  to  the   other  by  a   sudden  leap    (the 
leg  which  is   cut    sideAvays   being  kept   as    straight   as   possible),   should   be 
completely   mastered.     Cut   steps   should  be   executed   with   snap   and   vigor. 
Knees  should  be  straightened  sharply,  ankles  kept  extended.    The  body  should 
express  a  certain  gleeful  sauciness  and  vivacity.     The  chest  and  head  shoiild 
be  held  erect.     There  should  be  no  suggestion  of  drooping,  fagged  spirits. 

16.  Balance  Steps — (Tempo  usually  3/4.) 

a.  Sideways — Step  sideways  with  one  foot,  bring  the  toe  of  the  other  foot 
in  front  of  the  first  foot,  raise  and  sink  the  heel  of  the  supporting  foot.     The 
movements  are  slow,  gliding,  smooth.     When  stepping  sideways  to  the  right, 
the  body  bends  somewhat  toward  the  left  and  vice  versa. 

b.  Forward-backward — Step  forward  with  one  foot,  bring  the  toe  of   the 
other  behind  the  heel  of  the  first  foot,  and  raise  and  sink  the  heel  of  the 
supporting  foot.     (The  body  here  bends  backward,  the  back  being  somewhat 
arched  and  the  head  tilted  backward.)      Step  backward  with  the  rear  foot, 
bring  the  toe  of  the  forward  foot  in  front  of  the  toe  of  the  rear  foot,  and 
raise  the  heel  of  this  supporting  foot.     (The  body  here  will  incline  itself  for- 
ward somewhat,  bending  at  the  waist.) 

c.  Forward-backward — Step    forward   with    the    right    foot,    for    example; 
raise  the  left  leg  up  in  back,  at  the  same  time  lifting  the  heel  of  the  right 
foot  off  the  floor.      (The  body  should  be  arched,  the  head  being  inclined  back 
toward  the  left  heel.)     Step  back  on  the  left  foot,  raise  the  right   leg  well 
extended  in  front.     (Body  bends  toward  this  extended  leg.) 

17.  Minuet  Steps  (3/4). 

a.     Promenade  Step — Beginning  right,   slide  right   foot  diagonally  forward 


30 

(weight  on  this  advancing  foot)  —  (count  1).  Then  cut  the  right  foot  forward, 
well  extended,  with  the  left  foot.  The  knee  of  this  supporting  left  foot  bends 
deeply  as  it  yields  to  the  weight  of  the  body  (count  2).  Step  slightly  forward 
with  the  right  (count  3).  Repeat  all,  sliding  with  the  left  foot. 

b.  Forward  Minuet  Step — Step  forward  with  the  right  (or  left)  —  (count  1). 
Bring  the  left  toe  up  to  the  right  heel,  at  the  same  time  bending  the  knees 
(count  2).     Step  back  on  left  foot   (count  3).     The  step  may  now  be  com- 
pleted with  an  unfinished  curtsey  (see  7  above),  swinging  right  behind. 

c.  Side  Minuet  Step — Point  right  foot  (or  left)  sideways  (count  1);  trans- 
fer the  weight  from  the  left  to  the  right  foot,  so  that  now  the  left  foot  is 
pointed  sideways   (count  2).     Bring  the  left  foot  close  up  to  the  heel  of  the 
right  foot.     Both  knees  bend  a  little  and  the  weight  is  quickly  transferred  to 
the  left  foot  (count  3).    Repeat  all,  pointing  with  right  again. 

18.  Mazurka — Beginning  with  the  left  (or  right),  slide  diagonally  forward, 
weight  forward  (count  1).  Cut  the  left  foot  forward,  knee  and  ankle  well 
extended,  thus  transferring  the  weight  of  the  body  upon  the  right  foot  (lean 
back  a  little)  (count  2).  Then  hop  on  the  right  foot  and  at  the  same  time 
bend  the  left  knee  well  (count  3).  Repeat  all  with  the  left.  The  whole  step 
should  eventually  be  executed  with  ease  and  smoothness — no  jerky  transition 
from  one  part  to  the  other. 

E.     Suggestive  Lists  of  Dances — See  lists  for  grades,  infra. 

The  teacher  of  the  one-room  school  or  of  classes  made  up  of  more  than 
one  grade,  must  select  rhythmic  activities  of  a  simple,  yet  appealing  nature. 
For  Grades  I -IV,  select  dances  from  the  lists  for  Grade  II  or  III;  and  for 
Grade  V  to  VIII,  dances  from  the  lists  for  Grade  V  or  VI.  The  teacher  will 
know  best  the  abilities  and  likes  of  her  class  and  will  select  accordingly. 

P.  References — (Bq. )  Berquist,  Swedish  Folk  Dances.  (Bl.  1)  Burchenal, 
Folk  Dances  and  Singing  Games ;  ( Bl.  2 )  Dances  of  the  People ;  ( Bl.  3 )  Dances 
of  Finland;  (Bl.  4)  Dances  of  Denmark.  Caskey,  Athletic  Pageant,  Athletic 
Jubilee,  Russian  Dance,  American  Sailor  Dance,  American  Clown  Dance.  Clarke, 
L,.,  Physical  Training  for  the  Elementary  Schools.  Coles,  Alice,  The  Morris 
Dance,  Old  English  Country  Dance  Steps,  Ed.  5713.-  (Cp.  1)  Crampton,  Folk 
Dance  Book;  (Cp.  2)  Second  Folk  Dance  Book.  (Cf.  1)  Crawford,  Folk 
Dances  and  Games;  (Cf.  2)  Dramatic  Games  and  Dances;  (Cf.  3)  Rhythms  of 
Childhood.  Fitch,  J.,  Modern  Dancing  and  Dances.  (Gl.)  Gilbert,  School 
Dances.  Gomme,  A.,  Children's  Singing  Games,  Bk.  1  and  2.  Gott,  G.,  Old 
Familiar  Dances  with  Figures.  Harding,  Collection  of  Jigs.  Harrington,  L., 
Nursery  Rhyme  Dances.  Hinman,  Couple  Dances,  Vol.  2  ;  Ring  Dances,  Vol.  3  ; 
Group  Dances,  Vol.  4.  (Hf.  1)  Hofer,  M.,  Music  for  Childhood;  (Hf.  2)  Chil- 
dren's Singing  Games;  (Hf.  3)  Popular  Folk  Dances  and  Games.  Kimmins, 
Guild  of  Play  Books  (Vols.  1,  2,  3).  Lamkin,  Dances,  Drills,  and  Story  Plays. 
(Ln. )  Lincoln,  The  Festival  Book.  Lundgren,  Dances.  Drills,  and  Entertain- 
ments ;  Simple  May  Pole  Dance.  ( Ms. )  Moses,  Rhythmic  Action  Plays  and 
Dances.  Norton,  Rhythm  and  Action,  with  Music  for  the  Piano.  (Sh.)  Sharp, 
C.,  The  Morris  Book  (I,  II,  III,  IV,  V)  and  Tunes;  The  Country  Dance  Book 
(I,  II,  III)  and  Tunes)  ;  Sword  Dances.  Sperling,  The  Playground  Book.  Van 
Cleves,  Folk  Dances  for  Young  People.  Talking  Machine  Catalogs  of  Dancing 
Records.  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Press,  Gymnastic  Dancing  for  Men. 

GAMES  AND  PLAYS.* 

"The  play  of  children  lias  the  mightiest  influence  on  the  maintenance  or 
non -maintenance  of  laws." — Plato. 

A.    Requirements  of  a  Set  of  Games. 

1.  Thej-  should  develop  the  child  physically,  morally,  mentally;  being  lively 
and  interesting  and  giving  abundant  exercise  to  the  big  muscles;   involving 
•stress,  competition,  and  co-operation;  and  developing  such  instincts  as  chasing, 
fighting,  climbing,  rhythm,  construction,  nurture,  hunting,  and  exploring. 

2.  They  should  reach  children  all  the  time,  and  should  be  adapted  to  all 
school  ages  and  both  sexes,  different  seasons,  different  social  conditions  and 

•Reprinted  largely  from  "The  Playground,"  with  the  permission  of  the  Play- 
ground and  Recreation  Association  of  America. 


31 

environment,  different  tastes  and  abilities.     (Physically  weak  and  handicapped 
children  should  have  appropriate  games.) 

3.  They  should  be  practicable — played  indoors  as  well  as  out. 

4.  They  should  be  games  that  will  play  themselves. 

5.  They  should  be   studied  thoroughly,  that  all   the   fine  points  may  be 
brought  out. 

B.  Results  to  be  Obtained. 

1.  Pleasure,  interest,  recreation,  fun,  laughter. 

2.  Exercise,  use  of  large  muscular  groups,  muscular   strength  and  bodily 
endurance,  beneficial  organic  effects. 

3.  Team  play,  loyalty,  co-operation,  suppression  of  self. 

4.  Respect  for  rules  and  regulations,  obedience,  courtesy. 

5.  Regard  for  honorable   fair  play,  justice,  honesty. 

6.  Encouragement  to  the  timid,  guidance  of  self-assertive,  courage,  and  self- 
control. 

7.  Cultivation  of  the  stoic  spirit. 

8.  Growth  in  reason  and  judgment,  alertness  and  quick  response. 

9.  Growth  in  skill,  muscular  and  nervous  co-ordination. 

C.  Requisites  of  the  Teacher. 

1.  Refinement  and  education. 

2.  Genuine  liking  and  ability  to  exercise  all  the  common  play  activities, 
both  simple  and  complicated,  with  earnestness  and  abandon. 

3.  Leadership.     The  play  leader  must  be  able  to  direct  and  organize,  and 
to  co-operate.     He  must  be  positive  in  character,  firm   in  decision,  alert   in 
observation,  courageous,  fair,  honest — "On  the  level." 

4.  Physical  strength  and  endurance. 

5.  Sense  of  humor. 

6.  Practical  knowledge  of — 

a.  Child  development,  theory  of  play  and  the  characteristics  of  the  various 
periods  of  growth. 

b.  Play  activities,  games  and  sports  of  all  kinds,  for  all  ages,  for  different 
seasons  and  different  conditions,  for  different  tastes  and  abilities,  etc.;  manual 
work,  use  of  apparatus. 

c.  Teaching  methods.     (See  E,  below.) 

D.  Play  Equipment. 

The  number  and  variety  of  play  equipment  needed  will,  of  course,  depend 
upon  the  diversity  of  the  play  program  and  the  size  of  the  school. 

1.  Suggestive  Stationary  Apparatus  for  the  Playground  or  Yard — Sand-bin, 
swings,  tilting  or  teeter  boards,  slide,  adjustable  traveling  and  Hying  rings. 
horizontal  bar,   vaulting   standards,   basket  ball   goals,   giant   stride,   wading 
pool.     For  details  see  the  catalogs  of  manufacturers  of  gymnastic  apparatus 
and  sporting  goods.     See  also  Leland,  F..   Playground  Technique   and  Play- 
craft;    Curtis,   H.,   Practical   Conduct   of   Play;    DeGroot,   Playground   Equip- 
ment. 

2.  Suggestive    Movable    Apparatus — Bean    bags,    basket    balls,    quoits    or 
horseshoes,  baseballs  and  bats,  volley  ball  and  net,  tennis  balls,  soccer  foot- 
ball, small  jump  ropes,  one  long  piece  of  rope,  sticks,  chalk,  colored  ribbons 
for  arm  bands,  bandana  handkerchief,  balance  beams,  croquet   set,  whistle. 

E.  Important  Points  to  Observe  in  Teaching  Games. 

1.  It  is  very  wise  to  have  a  whistle;   the  shrill  note  can  be  heard  above 
the  noise,  and  in  most  cases  the  attention  can  be   immediately  secured.     It 
should  command  instant  quiet. 

2.  Select  games,  at  first  which  are  generally  well  known.     Continue  using 
a  game  as  long  as  it  proves  interesting. 

3.  Ordinarily,  permit  children  to  decide  for  themselves  what  games  they 
will  play. 


32 

4.  Select  games  that  fit  into  local  conditions,  as  "The  Farmer  in  the  Dell," 
for  rural  districts. 

5.  When  there  are  large  numbers,  separate  into  smaller  groups  and  select 
certain   children   to  act  as  leaders   of   these  groups.     Each  group   should   be 
actively  occupied  with  a  game. 

6.  Form   your  play  groups  with  reference  to  the  age,   sex.   and   physical 
condition  of  the  players,  and  the  demands  of  the  game  to  be  played.     Boys 
and  girls  in  seventh  and  eighth  grades  and  in  secondary  schools   should  be 
segregated. 

7.  Assign   children   with   weak   hearts,   or   who   are   otherwise   organically 
disqualified,  to  quiet  games — that  is,  games  which  at  the  most  involve  only 
moderate  muscular  activity  or  mental  excitement.* 

8.  Be  sure  you  know  the  game  to  be  played  thoroughly.      (Object,  rules, 
best  method  of  presentation,  etc.)     Keep  the  play  ideals  constantly  in  mind. 

9.  When  explaining,  make  sure  that  every  member  of  the  class  is  listening. 
Teach  one  game  at  a  time  and  teach  thoroughly. 

10.  Simple  games  like  "Squirrel  and  Nut,"  "Merry-go-round."'  "Circle  Stride 
Ball,"  may  need  only  simple  verbal  description,  followed  immediately  by  the 
actual  working' out  of  the  game.     Use  terms  which- are  appropriate  for  the 
age  of  the  players  under  your  charge.     Talk  naturally. 

11.  Such  games  as  "Arch  Ball,"  "Zigzag  I  &   II,"  "Corner  Spry,"  "Center 
Base,"  "Home  Run,"  "Relay  Races,"  etc.,  will  often  need  not  only  simple,  con- 
cise description,  but  a  more  or  less  complete  demonstration  of  the  thing  to  be 
done — either  by  the  instructor,  or  better  by  one  or  inqre  individual  partici- 
pants.    This  will  help  to  eliminate  any   future  mistakes  and  clear  up   any 
misapprehensions.     If  there  is  a  blackboard  available,  simple  diagrams  will 
help  to  make  the  parts  of  the  game  clear,  as  to  position,  arrangement,  pro- 
gression, direction,  etc.     Most  games  require  a  preliminary  demonstration  to 
supplement  the  description. 

12.  Do  not  start  a  game  until  the  essential  points  are  clear.     Later  certain 
rules  and  regulations  may  be  emphasized — speed,  accuracy,  fouls.     This  should 
be  observed  when  teaching  the  competitive  team  games,  as  many  of  the  relay 
games  and  races,  "German  Bat  Ball,"  and  the  more  highly  organized  games 
of  "Captain  Ball,"  "Pin  Ball,"  "Basket  Ball."     When  the  game  is  first  played, 
the  main  object  is  kept  in  mind  and  certain  essenlial  regulations  are  observed. 
On  repetition  some  new  point  should  be  emphasized,  as  more  self-control,  less 
noise,  quicker  passing,  and  more  restrictions  should  be  added  in  the  way  of 
fouls,  etc. 

13.  But  in  all  games  be  brief  and  concise,  and  use  as  little  time  as  possible 
in   preliminary   instruction.     The  object   of   the  game   should   be   made   clear 
within  a  short  time,  and  actual  playing  started  promptly. 

14.  Formations  and  Means  of  Securing  Teams. 

a.  When  two  even  groups  are  desired,  have  the  children  line  up  in   rank 
formation;   or  let  them  make  one  large  circle  and  number  off  by  twos,  and 
the  ones  be  one  side  and  the  twos  another;  or  pick  out  two  leaders  and  let 
each  one  take  turns  choosing  players  for  his  side. 

b.  When  three,  or  four,  or  five  groups  are  desired,  either  of  the  last  two 
methods  described  under  (a)  above  may  be  used. 

c.  Circle  formation — If  the  group  is  small,  a  circle  can  easily  be  formed 
by  everyone  taking  hold  of  hands.     If  the  group  is  large,  it  may  be  advisable 
to  have  two  circles.     In  that  case,  have  them  line  up  in  rank  formation   in 
two  lines,  one  behind  the  other;  then  let  one  line  be  one  circle  and  one  line 
the  other  circle. 

d.  For  the  formation  used   in   "Three  Deep''  have   the  players  make   one 
circle  and  number  off  by   twos.     Then   have  the  twos   step   in   front   of   the 

•New  York  Syllabus  of  Physic.il  Training. 


33 

ones,  or  vice  versa.     This  same  procedure  may  be  used  for  securing  one  group 
within  another  in  the  case  of  "Dodge  Ball." 

15.  Principles  to  Observe  When  Presenting  Relay  Games. 

a.  Competing  teams  should  be  equal  in  number. 

b.  There  should  be  a  definite  starting  line  behind  which  the  team  or  first 
player  must  stand.     Both  feet  back  of  this  line. 

c.  There   should  be  a  definite   sharp   signal — whistle,   revolver,   sharp  clap 
of  the  hands,  etc. — which  may  be  preceded  by  "On  your  mark!"'  "Get  set!'' 
("Go!") 

d.  The  leader  and  each  following  runner  should  be  poised  forward,  hand 
outstretched,  so  that  he  can  be  off  promptly  without   wasting  any  time  or 
energy. 

e.  There   should   be   a   definite   point   to   run    to,   or   to   touch,   or   to   run 
around. 

f.  In  running,  the  arms  are  bent  somewhat  at  the  elbow  and  swing  nat- 
urally with  the  twisting  of  the  body;  the  head  is  held  up.     The  foot  should 
be  in  the  straight-foot  position,  the  toes  pointing  directly  forward.     Knees 
should  be   raised  high,   for  in   sprinting  the   maximum   speed   is   maintained 
throughout.     The  entire  body  should  be  inclined  slightly  forward. 

g.  Runners  should  not  watch  other  runners  or  try  to  see  what  the  other 
side  is  doing.     They  should  pay  strict  attention  to  their  own  duties  and  run 
hard  to  the  very  finish. 

16.  For  the  Sake  of  Interest — 

a.  See  that  all  your  children  play  and  are  happy  in  their  play. 

b.  Play  with  them. 

c.  Have  more  than  one  ball  going,  as  in  the  case  of  "Dodge  Ball,"  "Bom- 
bardment,'' "Circle  Stride  Ball,"  etc. 

d.  Have  more  than  one  principal  player  within   the  circle,  as  in  the  case 
of   "Puss   in   the   Circle."   "Go   Round   and   Round   the    Village."   "Jacob   and 
Rachael,"  "Cat  and  Rat." 

e.  Introduce  variations,  as  using  one  hand  instead  of  both  in  catching;  or 
hopping  or  walking  instead  of  skipping  and  running  in  relay  races;   or  sub- 
stitute bean  bags  and  tennis  balls  for  basket  balls. 

17.  Stimulate  laughter  and  frolic;   encourage  the  timid  to  dare  and  take 
risks;   repress  and  guide  the  selfish  and   self-assertive;    encourage  alertness, 
quick   response,   clever   moves,    the    use   of   the    reason    and   judgment;    teach 
players  to  obey  rules  absolutely,  to  play  hard,  to  play  to  win,  but   to  win 
honorably;   to  accept  defeat  cheerfully,  and  to  acknowledge  the  good  points 
of  an  opposing  team. 

18.  In  teaching  games  in  the  schoolroom,  narrow  aisles  and  limited  space 
must  be  taken  into  account,  and  games  should  be,  and  can  be,  modified  to  suit 
conditions.     In  many  relay  games,  as  "Jump  the  Bean  Bag.''   "Home  Run.'' 
etc.,  only  alternate  rows  can  play  for  obvious  reasons.     Those  sitting  down 
should  be  required  to  keep  their  feet  under  the  desks  to  avoid  any  tripping. 

F.  Suggestive  List  of  Games,  classified  according  to  grade,  classroom,  play- 
ground, team,  relay,  boys,  etc.     (See  Exercise  by  Grades.). 

The  teacher  of  the  one-room  school,  or  of  classes  consisting  of  more  than 
one  grade,  must  select  activities  which  will  appeal  to  all.  If  feasible,  divide 
the  class  into  groups  as  nearly  as  possible  similar  in  size  and  play  interest, 
and  select  reliable  group  leaders. 

G.  References. 
1.     Theory. 

Angell,  Play.  Curtis,  H.,  Education  Through  Play ;  Play  and  Recreation ; 
Practical  Conduct  of  Play.  Groos,  Play  of  Man.  Johnson,  Education  by  Plays 
and  Games  ;  What  to  Do  at  Recess.  Hall,  Youth — Its  Education  and  Regime  : 
Adolescence.  Lee,  J.,  Play  in  Education.  Leland,  Playground  Technique  and 
Playcraft.  Playground  and  Recreation  Association,  Playground  (Magazine), 


34 

Normal  Course  in  Play,  Course  in  Play  for  Grade  Teachers,  Institute  Course  in 
Play  (Pamphlets).  Rapeer,  Educational  Hygiene.  Russell  Sage  Foundation, 
Sources  of  Information  on  Play  and  Recreation.  Sperling,  The  Playground 
Book.  Tyler,  Growth  in  Education.  Tanner,  The  Child.  Wood,  W.,  Children's 
Play  and  Its  Place  in  Education. 

2.    Source  Books. 

Angell,  Play.  Arnold,  Gymnastic  Games  Classified.  Bancroft,  J.,  Games  for 
the  Playground,  Gymnasium,  etc. ;  Handbook  of  Athletic  Games.  Benson,  J., 
Book  of  Indoor  Games.  Brenner,  K.,  Book  of  Song  and  Ball  Games ;  More  Song 
Games.  Brown,  F.,  Old  English  and  American  Games.  Clarke,  L.,  Physical 
Training  for  the  Elementary  Schools.  Crawford,  Dramatic  Games  and  Dances ; 
Folk  Dances  and  Games.  Crozier,  Indoor  Games  for  Children ;  Outdoor  Games 
for  Children.  Dawson,  Game  Book.  Dowd,  Playtime  Games  for  Boys  and  Girls. 
Fletcher,  Indian  Games  and  Dances.  Forrest,  Teacher's  Aid  in  Recreation 
Work.  Grey,  Two  Hundred  Indoor  and  Outdoor  Gymnastic  Games.  Hoffer, 
Children's  Singing  Games ;  Popular  Folk  Dances  and  Games.  Hollister,  Parlor 
Games.  Hornby,  Joyous  Book  of  Singing  Games.  Johnson,  G.,  Education  by 
Plays  and  Games  ;  What  to  Do  at  Recess.  Eastman,  V.  and  K.,  Swedish  Song 
Games.  Lucas,  E.  V.,  Three  Hundred  Games  and  Pastimes.  Moses,  Rhythmic 
Action,  Plays,  and  Dances.  Newell,  Games  and  Songs  of  American  Children. 
Newton,  Graded  Games  and  Rhythmic  Exercises.  Palmer,  Play  Life  in  the 
First  Eight  Years.  Parsons,  Plays  and  Games  for  Indoors  and  Out.  Perrin 
and  others,  One  Hundred  and  Fifty  Gymnastic  Games.  Perry,  Community 
Center  Activities.  Schaefer,  Games  for  Schools  and  Gymnasia.  Smith,  L.  R., 
Sixty  Musical  Games  and  Recreations.  Sperling,  The  Playground  Book. 
Squareman,  My  Big  Book  of  Games.  Stecher,  Games  and  Dances.  U.  S. 
Bureau  of  Indian  Affairs  (Washington,  D.  C.),  Social  Plays,  Games,  Marches, 
etc.  Wrightson,  Games  and  Exercises  for  Mental  Defectives 

ATHLETICS. 

A.  Introduction — Athletic    activities   imiy   take    the   form    of   competitive 
group  contests,   such   as   volley  ball,   baseball,  basket   ball,  hockey,   lacrosse, 
soccer,   football,   polo,   or   the   more   individual,   specialized   contests   such   as 
the  so-called  field  and  track  events  and  aquatics.     The   field  events  usually 
include  high  jumps,  broad  jumps,  pole  vault,  discus,  hammer,  javelin,  baseball 
and  basket  ball  throws,  and  the  shot  put.     The  track  events  include  dashes, 
runs,     relay     races,'   hurdling,     walking,     bicycling.     Aquatics     may     include 
swimming,    sailing,    rowing,    and    the    like.     When    rightly    conducted    these 
activities  prove  invaluable  types  of  exercise.     They  help  to  produce  organic 
vigor  and  general  bodily  endurance;  they  encourage  habits  of  clean,  healthful 
living;   and  they  incite  effort,  courage,  judgment,  unselfishness,  and  loyalty. 
But  in  the  hands  of  an  unscientific  and  careless  leader,  they  may  be  a  source 
of  serious  physical  injury   and   moral  degradation.     Careful   super\ision   ami 
regulations  cannot  be  overemphasized. 

B.  Special  Suggestions.     (New  York  Syllabus.) 

1.  Training  for  these  athletic  activities  may  take  place  after  school  hours, 
in   the   gymnasium   or   playroom,   or   in   the    school   yard.     Training    for   the 
individual  badge  tests   (pages  35  and  38)    might  well  take  place  during  the 
usual  recess  periods. 

2.  Instruction  should  be  in  the  hands  of  careful,  forceful,  and  thoroughly 
interested  leaders,  who  understand  and   sympathize  with  children,  and   who 
are  familiar  with  the  various  athletic  events  and  regulations  governing  them. 

3.  Provisions  should  be  made  for  the  girls  as  well  as  the  boys.     Instruction 
of  the  girls  should  be  in  the  hands  of  competent  women  teachers,  and  that  of 
the  boys   (specially  of  the  grammar  grades  and  high  school)   in  the  hands  of 
men  teachers. 

4.  It    is   recommended    that    the    boys   and   girls    be    organized,    with    the 
approval  of  the  local  school  authorities   (wherever  it  is  feasible),  into  clubs, 
associations,  or  leagues,  and  given  reasonable  initiative  and   independence  in 
their  athletic  affairs.     Representatives  of  the  school   faculty,  the  supervisor 
of  physical  education,  play   leaders,   and   possibly   one  or  two   business   men 
(who   are   particularly   interested   in    healthful,   athletic   contests)    should    hi- 
included  in  these  organizations. 


35 

5.  Emphasize  competitions  between  classes  and  grades  as  well  as  between 
schools  of  the  district. 

6.  Individual   schools    should   be   encouraged   to    hold   annual    field    meets, 
while  groups  of  schools  may  hold  an  inter-scholastic  meet. 

7.  Strive  to  have  the  contests  all-inclusive,  making  it  possible  and  worth- 
while for  a  large  number  to  participate. 

8.  To   avoid   specialization   and   to   give   every   boy   and   girl   a   chance   to 
attain  a  certain  honorable  standard,  use  athletic  badge  tests. 

9.  It  will  be  found  stimulating  to  keep  individual  and  class  records  posted. 
C.    Athletics  for  Boys.* 

1.  Eligibility — The    following    statements    cover    points    accepted    by    the 
Public  Schools  Athletic  League.     They  may  be  modified  to  suit  conditions. 

a.  No  boy  is  eligible  who  has  ever  taken  part  in  professional  athletics. 

b.  A  physician's   certificate  of  physical  fitness   is  necessary.     Each  pupil 
who   desires   to   participate    should   be    thoroughly    examined   by   the    school 
physician   or   other   approved   physicians   at    the   beginning   of   each   athletic 
season. 

c.  No  entry  is  accepted  unless  approved  by  the  principal  of  the  school. 

d.  No  boy  is  admitted  into  any  contest  who  has  not  received  a  passing 
mark  for  the  month  previous  in  effort,  proficiency,  and  deportment. 

e.  No  boy  may  represent  his  school  unless  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
school  for  a  certain  length  of  time.     (The  time  varies  from  three  weeks  to 
thirty  weeks  in  different  cities.) 

f.  In   some   cities  no  boy   is  eligible   without   the   written   consent   of   his 
parents. 

g.  An  elementary  school  boy  may  enter  one  event  only  at  any  set  of  games. 
(Usually  exception  is  made  in  the  case  of  a  relay.) 

2.  Individual  Badge  Test — As  has  been  stated,  the  purpose  of  this  is  to  do 
away  with  specialization,  and  to  give   every   boy  an  opportunity   to   win   a 
badge  upon  an  absolute  basis  and  not  upon  the  ability  to  beat  someone  else. 
There  are  three  tests,  each  test  consisting  of  three  events.     A  boy  qualifying 
in  all  three  events,  wins  a  badge  for  that  particular  test. 

a.  First  test:     60-yard  dash,  83-5  seconds;  standing  broad  jump,  5  feet,  9 
inches;  pull  up  (chinning),  4  times. 

b.  Second    test:      60-yard    dash    (indoors),    8    seconds;    or    100-yard    dash 
(outdoors),    14    seconds;    standing    broad    jump,    6    feet,    6    inches;    pull    up 
(chinning).  6  times. 

c.  Third   test    (High   School)  :      220-yard    run,    28    seconds;    running    high 
jump,  4  feet,  9  inches;  pull  up  (chinning),  9  times. 

(All   age,   weight,   or   height   classifications    are    abolished   in    the    Athletic 
Badge  Test.) 

d.  Contests — The  following  general   rules   shall  govern   final   competition: 
No  boy  is  permitted  to  receive  more  than  one  badge  for  any  grade  in  any  one 
year.     It  is  necessary  to  qualify  in  all  three  events  in  any  one  class  in  order 
to  win  a  badge.     There  shall  be  but  one  trial  in  chinning,  one  in  dashes,  and 
three  in  the  jumps. 

(1)  Pull  Up   (Chinning) — A  portable  chinning  bar  in  a  doorway,  a   hori- 
zontal bar  in  the  gymnasium  or  the  rungs  of  a  ladder  set  at  an  angle  against 
a  building  may  serve  the  purpose.     Each  contestant  begins  with  his   hands 
on  the  bar.     Then  with  his  arms  straightened  at  full  length  he  pulls  himself 
up   without    a   kick,   snap,   jerk,   or   swing  until   his   chin   is   above   the   bar. 
Lowering  himself  again  until  his  arms  are  straight,  he  repeats  the  "Pull  Up.'' 

(2)  Standing   Broad   Jump — Whenever   possible    it    is   best    to    prepare    a 
jumping  pit  by  digging  up  a  piece  of  ground  about  4  feet  by  25  feet  and  have 

'Reprinted  largely  from  "The  Playground,"  May,  1917,  with  the  permission  of 
the  Playground  and  Recreation  Association  of  America. 


36 

a  wooden  or  metal  strip  two  inches  by  four  inches  imbedded  in  the  ground 
at  one  end  of  the  pit  flush  with  the  surface,  to  serve  as  a  "take  off."  It  is 
also  well  to  mark  off  5  feet  9  inches  and  6  feet  6  inches  from  the  "take  off.'' 
Each  competitor  is  allowed  three  jumps,  his  best  jump  being  taken  as  his 
record.  "The  feet  of  the  competitor  may  be  placed  in  any  position,  but  shall 
leave  the  ground  once  only  in  making  an  attempt  to  jump.  When  the  feet 
are  lifted  from  the  ground  twice,  or  two  springs  are  made  in  making  the 
attempt,  it  shall  count  as  a  trial  jump  without  result.  A  competitor  may 
rock  back  and  forward,  lifting  heels  and  toes  alternately  from  the  ground, 
but  may  not  lift  either  foot  clear  of  the  ground,  not  slide  either  foot  along 
the  ground  in  any  direction." 

(3)  6o-yard  Dash,   loo-yard  Dash,  and   220-yard   Run — A   stop  watch  is 
necessary  for  timing  the  boys  in  this  event.     Under  the  direction  of  a  starter 
each   individual   competitor   takes   his   position    on    the    starting   mark.     The 
starter  gives  the  signal  by  saying:     "On  the  mark,"  "Get  set,"  "Go."     At  the 
word  "Go,"  the  timekeeper  starts  his  watch.     As  the  runner  crosses  the  finish 
line  (60  yards,  100  yards,  or  220  yards  from  the  starting  line),  the  timekeeper 
stops  his  watch.     The  time  indicated  on  the  stop  watch  is  the  runner's  time. 
"A  false  start  is  one  where  any  part  of  the  person  of  a  competitor  touches 
the  ground  in  front  of  his  mark  before  the  starter  purposely  gives  his  signal. 
The  third  false  start  shall  disqualify  the  offender.     The  competitor  shall  keep 
his  hands  behind  the  mark  assigned  to  him." 

(4)  Running  High  Jump — "The  bar  shall  be  a  thin  stick  and  shall  rest  on 
pins  which  shall  project  not  more  than  three  inches  from  the  uprights.     When 
this  bar  is  removed,   it   shall  constitute   a   trial   jump  without    result.     The 
height  shall  be  measured  from  the  middle  of  the  bar  to  the  ground  on  a  direct 
line.     Each  boy  shall  be  allowed  three  trial  jumps  at  each  height.     Running 
under  the  bar  in  making  an  attempt  to  jump  shall  be  counted  as  a  balk,  and 
three  successive  balks  shall  constitute  a  trial  jump."     (Official  Handbook  of 
the  Public  Schools  Athletic  League.) 

The  following  order  of  events  is  suggested:  Pull  up  (chinning),  jumping, 
running. 

(5)  Badges — All  the  badges  are  in  bronze. 

3.  Class  Athletics — The  following  classification  of  athletic  events  may  be 
used  for  grammar  and  high  school  pupils.  Opportunities  are  here  given  for  a 
large  number  of  participants,  who  may  enjoy  healthful  exercise  and  at  the 
same  time  contribute  something  toward  a  final  score  for  their  class  or  school. 

a.     Scoring  Table  for  Grades  V-VIII. 

Weight  Classes 

Honor   Standard 

60  TO  80  LB.  CLASS                          0    Points  50  Joints*          100  l-'oints 

50-yard    Dash    10  «ec.     .  8  sec.                      6    sec. 

Standing   Broad   Jump 3   ft.    5  in.  5  ft.  6  In.     •         7  ft.   7  In. 

Running  Broad  Jump 5   ft.    10   in.  10  ft.  '  14  ft.  2  in. 

Baseball   Throw    70ft.             .  .     120ft.                    170ft. 

81  TO  95  I.E.  CLASS 

75-yard    Dash    13  sec.  -    1 1   sec.  9  sec. 

Standing   Broad   Jump 3   ft.    11  in.          6 'ft.  S  ft.-  1   in. 

Running  Broad  Jump 6   ft.    10  in.  11   ft.  15  ft.  2  in. 

Baseball   Throw    100ft.  150ft.  200ft. 

96    TO    110    I>B.    CLASS 

100-yard    Dash 16  sec.  1  4  sec.  1 2  sec. 

Standing  Broad  Jump 4   ft.    5   in.  6  ft.   6  in.  s   ft.    7    in. 

Running  Broad  Jump 7   ft.    10  in.  12  ft.  16   ft.    2   in. 

Running   High  Jump 2   ft.    S>/2    in.  3  ft.   9  in.  4   ft.   9V6   in. 

Baseball  Throw    .  .  130   ft.  ISO  ft.  230  ft. 


37. 

Weight  Classes 

Honor  Standard 

111   TO  125  I.E.  CLASS  0   Points  50  Points          100   Points 

1 00-yard    Dash 15   sec.  1 3  sec.  1 1    sec. 

Standing  Broad  Jump 4   ft.    11    in.  7  ft.  !»  ft.  1  in. 

Running  Broad  Jump 8   ft.    10   in.  13  ft.  17   ft.    2   in. 

Running   High   Jump 2  ft.   11%   in.  4   ft.  •",  ft.  %  in. 

Baseball  Throw    145    ft.  195  ft.  245  ft. 

UNLIMITED  CLASS   (weighing  over  125  Ihs. ) 

1 00-yard    Dash 14   sec.  ]  2  sec.  .   1 0   sec. 

Standing  Broad  Jump 5   ft.    5   in.  7   ft.   6   in.  9  ft.  7  in. 

Running  Broad  Jump 9   ft.    10   in.  14    ft.  IS   ft.   2   in. 

Running  High   Jump 3  ft.   3%   in.  4  ft.  4  in.  5  ft.   4%   in. 

Baseball  Throw   160   ft.  210  ft.  260  ft. 

t     b.     Points  are  scored  on  the  following  basis: 

All  dashes  for  every  1/5  sec.  better  than  the  minimum 5  points 

Standing  Broad  Jump  for  every  half  in.  better  than  the  minimum ....  1  point 

Running  Broad  Jump  for  every  in.  better  than  the  minimum 1  point 

Running  High  Jump  for  every  quarter  in.  better  than  the  minimum.  ...  1  point 

Baseball  Throw  for  every  foot  better  than  the  minimum 1  point 

c.  Trials— Each  participant  is  allowed  three  trials.  In  the  broad  jump,  the 
best  one  of  the  three  is  taken  down  as  the  boy's  record.  In  the  high  jump, 
three  trials  are  allowed  for  each  height,  should  they  be  necessary.  In  the 
baseball  throw,  the  best  of  the  three  trials  is  taken  for  the  record. 

(1.  For  averages  concerning  weight,  age.  honor  standards,  etc..  see  American 
Physical  Education  Review,  May,  1017,  pp.  286  and  287. 

e.  Materials  Needed — Weigliing  scales,  50-foot  tape,  stop  watch,  jumping 
standards,  baseball. 

4.     Championship  Meets,  Inter-school  Competitions. 

a.  Events  for  Elementary  Schools. 

( 1 )  Indoor  Track  and  Field  Events '. 

85-pound  Class — 50-yard  dash,  running  high  jump,  standing  broad  jump,  360- 
ynrd  relay  race. 

100-pound  Class— 60-yard  dash,  running  high  jump,  standing  broad  jump 
•440-yard  relay  race. 

115-pound  Class — 70-yard  dash,  S-pound  shot  put,  standing  broad  jump,  440- 
yard  relay  race. 

Unlimited  Weight  Class — 100-yard  dash.  12-pound  shot  put,  running  high 
jump,  880-yard  relay  race. 

(2)  Outdoor  Track  and  Field  Events: 

S5-pound  Class — 50-yagd  dash,  running  high  jump,  running  broad  jump.  360- 
yard  relay  race. 

100-pound  Class — 60-yard  dash,  running  high  jump,  running  broad  jump.  •!  10- 
yard  relay  race. 

115-pound  Class — 70-yard  dash,  8-pound  shot  put,  running  broad  jump,  4-10- 
yard  relay  race. 

Unlimited  Weight  Class — 100-yard  dash,  12-pound  shot  put,  running  high 
jump,  880-yard  relay  race. 

(3)  Basket  Ball. 

(4)  Indoor   Swimming. 

(5)  Outdoor   Baseball. 

(6)  Soccer    Football. 

(7)  Hand    Ball. 

b.  Events  for  High  School. 

(1)  Indoor  Track   and   Field   Games. 

(2)  Outdoor  Track  and   Field   (James. 
(  3 )      Soccer. 

(  4  )  Cross  Country. 

(  5 )  Lacrosse. 

(6)  Indoor  Rifle  Shooting. 

(  7)  Tennis. 

(S)  Indoor   Swimming. 

(  9 )  Hockey. 

(10)  Outdoor  Rifle   Shooting. 

(11)  Basket    Ball. 

(12)  Baseball. 

(13)  Football. 


61178 


38 

.1.     Novice  Meets. 

In  some  cities  novice  meets  are  held.  They  are  conducted  in  the  same 
manner  as  championship  meets. 

As  the  object  of  holding  novice  meets  is  to  give  boys  of  less  athletic 
ability  than  those  who  engage  in  championship  meets,  a  chance  to  have  the 
benefits  of  athletic  competition,  every  school  is  allowed  to  enter  as  many 
boys  as  desired  in  each  event. 

Xo  boys  who  have  won,  or  been  placed  in  a  race  or  other  event  in  a  meet 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Public  Schools  Athletic  League — -that  is,  no  boy 
who  has  ever  won  a  medal  or  bar  other  than  a  novice  button  in  any  previous 
meet— is  allowed  to  compete. 

I).     Athletics  for  Girls.* 

1 .  Eligibility. 

a.  A  physician's  certificate  of  physical  fitness  is  necessary. 

b.  She  must  have  been  in  school  one  school  month. 

c.  She  must  have  her  principal's  recommendation  in  regard  to  her  standing 
in  effort,  deportment,  efficiency,  and  posture. 

d.  She  must  not  play  basket  ball  or  take  part   in  athletic   competitions 
outside  of  school  unless  under  the  auspices  of  the  league. 

2.  Individual  Athletic  Badge  Test. 

a.  First   test:      All-up   Indian   club   race.   30   seconds;    or   potato   race,   42 
seconds;   basket   ball  goal   throwing,  2  goals,  6  trials;   balancing,  24   feet,  2 
trials. 

b.  Second  test:     All-up  Indian  club  race,  28  seconds;   or  potato  race,  39 
seconds;  basket  ball  goal  throwing,  3  goals,  6  trials;  balancing  (bean  bag  or 
book  on  head),  24  feet,  2  trials. 

c.  Third  test:     Running  and  catching,  20  seconds;   throwing  for  distance, 
basket  ball  42  feet,  or  volley  ball  44  feet;  volley  ball  serving,  3  in  5  trials. 

d.  Events — There  are  no  height,  weight,  or  age  limits  in  this  test.     The 
following  rules  shall  govern  the  final  tests: 

(1)  Unless  otherwise  stated  in  these  rules,  there  shall  be  but  one  trial  in 
each  event. 

(2)  It  is  necessary  to  qualify  in  all  three  events  in  any  class  in  order  to 
win  a  badge. 

(3)  Xo  girl  is  permitted  to  receive  more  than  one  badge  in  any  one  year. 

(4)  Xo  girl  is  entitled  to  more  than  one  first,  second,  or  third  test  badge, 
even  though  a  full  year  has  elapsed  since  she  last  qualified  for  a  badge. 

(5)  If  a  girl  has  already  qualified  for  a  third  test  or  a  second  test  badge, 
she  may  qualify  for  and  receive  a  badge  for  the  lower  test,  provided  a  full 
year  has  elapsed. 

3.  All- Up  Indian  Club  Race — Draw  two  tangent  circles,  each  three  feet  in 
diameter.     In  one  of  the  circles  place  three  one-pound  Model  BS  Indian  clubs. 
At  a  point  distant  from  a  line  passed  through  the  center  of  the  circles,  and 
parallel  to  it,  draw  a  line  to  be  used  as  a  starting  line.     On  the  signal  the 
girl  nuis  from  the  starting  line,  transfers  the  three  clubs,  one  after  the  other, 
to   the   vacant   circle   so   that   they   remain   standing,   and   runs   back   to   the 
starting  line.     The  girl  makes  three  such  trips,  finishing  at  the  starting  line. 
The  girl   is  pennitted  to  use  but   one  hand   in   transferring  the  clubs.     The 
surface  within  the  circles  should  be  smooth  and  level.     A  wide  board  may  be 
used  when  the  test  is  made  out  of  doors. 

To  qualify  in  this  event  for  a  first  test  badge,  a  girl  must  make  the  three 
trips  to  the  circles  in  30  seconds. 

To  qualify  in  this  event  for  a  second  test  badge,  a  girl  must  make  the 
three  trips  to  the  circles  in  28  seconds. 

4.  Potato  Race — On  a  direct  line  draw   four  circles,  each  twelve   inches  in 


•for  details  see  "The  Playground,"  May,   1917. 


39 

diameter  and  five  yards  apart  from  center  to  center.  Five  yards  back  of  the 
center  of  the  first  circle  and  at  right  angles  to  the  direct  line,  draw  a  line  to 
be  used  as  a  starting  line.  This  is  also  the  finish  line.  On  the  first  circle 
place  a  basket  or  other  receptacle  not  over  two  feet  in  height  and  with  an 
opening  not  exceeding  one  foot  in  diameter. 

On  the  signal  the  girl  runs  from  the  starting  line,  takes  one  potato  from 
the  basket  and  places  it  in  the  first  vacant  circle  (the  one  nearest  the  basket  I. 
runs  back  to  the  basket,  passes  between  it  and  the  starting  line,  takes  the 
second  potato  from  the  basket,  places  it  in  the  second  circle,  returns  to  the 
basket,  passes  between  it  and  the  starting  line,  takes  the  third  potato  from 
the  basket,  places  it  in  third  circle  and. runs  back  to  the  starting  line.  From 
the  starting  line  she  runs  to  the  first  circle,  picks  up  the  potato  and  replaces 
it  in  the  basket,  passes  between  the  basket  and  the  starting  line,  runs  to 
the  second  circle,  picks  up  the  potato,  replaces  it  in  the  basket,  passes  between 
the  basket  and  the  starting  line,  runs  to  the  third  circle,  picks  up  the  potato, 
replaces  it  in  the  basket,  and  runs  across  the  finish  line. 

If  a  potato  is  dropped  anywhere  but  in  the  circle  where  it  should  be  placed 
or  in  the  basket,  it  must  be  picked  up  and  properly  placed  before  another  is 
touched. 

To  qualify  in  the  event  for  a  first  test  badge,  a  girl  must  cross  the  finish 
line  within  42  seconds  from  the  time  the  signal  to  start  is  given. 

To  qualify  in  this  event  for  a  second  test  badge,  a  girl  must  cross  the  finish 
line  within  39  seconds  from  the  time  the  signal  to  start  is  given.  Wooden 
blocks  may  be  substituted  for  potatoes. 

5.  Basket  Ball  Goal  Throwing — The  regular  basket  ball  goal  may  be  used 
or  a  ring  18  inches  in  diameter   (inside).     It  should  be  placed  10  feet  above 
the  ground,  and  the  inside  rim  should  extend  six  inches  from  the  surface  to 
which  it  is  attached.     From  a  point   directly  Tinder  the   center  of   the  goal 
draw  a  semi-circle  within  a  radius  of  15  feet,  for  a  throwing  line.     The  girl 
may   stand   at   any   point   outside   of   but   touching   the   throwing   line.     The 
basket  ball  used  shall  be  of  standard  size  and  weight.     The  goal  may  be  made 
either  by  a  clear  throw  or  by  bouncing  against  the  back-board.     To  qualify 
in  this  event  for  a  first  test  badge,  a  girl  must  make  two  goals  in  six  trials. 
To  qualify  in  this  event  for  a  second  test  badge,  a  girl  must  make  three  goals 
in  six  trials. 

6.  Balancing — A  standard  balance  beam,  twelve  feet  long  and  two  inches 
wide,  may  be  used,  or  a  two  by  four-inch  plank,  set  on   the  two-inch  side. 
The  length  shall  be  12  feet.     There  is  no  time  limit  in  this  event,  but  then- 
should  be  an  endeavor  to  meet  the  requirements  promptly,  without  haste,  and 
with  perfect  poise.     In  the  first  test  the  girl  starts  from  the  center  of  beam, 
walks  forward  to  the  end,  without  turning,  walks  backward  to  center;  turns 
and  walks  forward  to  other  end;  turns  and  walks  forward  to  starting  point. 
In  the  second  test  the  girl  starts  from  center  of  beam  with  a  bean-bag  or 
book  balanced  on  her  head  and  walks  forward  to  the  end;   turns  and  walks 
forward    the    entire    length   of    the    balance    beam;    without    turning,    walks 
backward  to  starting  point.     Two  trials  are  allowed  in  each  test. 

7.  Running  and  Catching — At  a  distance  of  30  feet  from  the  starting  line 
and  parallel  to  it.  stretch  a  cord  10  feet  from  the  ground.     On  the  signal  the 
girl  runs  from  the  starting  line,  tosses  a  basket  ball  or  a  volley  ball  over  the 
cord,  catches  it.  and  runs  back  to   the   starting   line.     Three   such   trips  are 
made,  finishing  at  the  starting  line.     In  case  of  failure  to  catch  the  ball,  it 
must  be  secured,  tossed  over  the  cord   (either  direction),  and  caught   before 
continuing  the  run.     The  starting  line  and  the  cord  should  both  be  well  away 
from  any  wall,  backstop,  or  other  object,  so  that  neither  the  contestant   nor 
the  ball  shall  touch  any  obstruction  during  the  run.     To  qualify  for  a  badge 
in  this  event,  the  three  trips  must  be  made  in  20  seconds. 

8.  Throwing  for  Distance — A  circle  six  feet   in  diameter  shall  be  marked 


40 

on  the  floor  or  ground.  In  throwing,  contestants  shall  not  touch  outside  the 
circle  with  any  part  of  the  body  until  after  the  ball  has  struck  the  ground. 
If  any  part  of  the  body  touches  outside  the  circle,  the  distance  made  shall 
not  be  recorded,  but  the  throw  shall  count  as  one  trial.  Three  trials  are 
allowed  and  the  best  throw  shall  be  taken  as  the  record.  The  throw  is  to 
be  made  with  one  hand,  and  the  distance  required  to  qualify  is  42  feet  with 
a  basket  ball  or  44  feet  with  a  volley  ball.  If  this  test  is  made  out  of 
doors,  it  should  be  done  on  a  day  when  the  wind  does  not  blow. 

!).  Volley-ball  Serving — A  volley-ball  net  or  piece  of  cord  shall  be  stretched 
at  a  center  height  eight  feet  across  the  playing  space.  Twenty-four  feet 
distant  a  line  shall  be  drawn  on  the  floor  or  ground  parallel  to  the  net.  The 
contestant  with  volley  ball  in  hand  shall  stand  facing  the  net  and  toeing 
the  line  with  either  foot.  She  tosses  the  ball  with  one  hand  as  in  tennis 
and  strikes  it  with  the  other  hand  over  the  net  so  that  it  shall  fall  within 
a  square  10  by  10  feet.  This  square  shall  be  marked  on  the  floor  or  ground 
10  feet  from  the  net  and  at  right  angles  to  it.  Five  trials  are  allowed  to 
make  three  aces.  If  the  contestant  steps  forward  over  the  line  before  the 
ball  strikes  the  ground,  no  score  is  allowed,  but  it  counts  as  one  trial. 

10.    Sanctioned  Athletics. 

a.  For   the    elementary    school   girl.      (For    special    regulations,    see    "The 
Playground,''  May,  1917.) 

Walking,  swimming,  coasting,  rope  skipping,  folk  dancing,  skating  (ice  and 
roller),  relay  races  (shuttle,  potato,  all-up,  hurdle,  pass  ball),  basket-ball 
throw,  team  games  (end  ball,  captain  ball,  basket. ball,  punch  ball). 

b.  For  high  school  girls. 

I.  Walking.  II.  Swimming.  III.  Skating.  1,  ice  skating;  2,  roller  skating 
(out-of-doors).  IV.  Horseback-riding.  V.  Bicycling.  VI.  Golf.  VII.  Tennis. 
VIII.  Dancing.  1,  folk  dancing;  2,  gymnastic  dancing.  IX.  Heavy  gymnastics. 
X.  Track  and  field  athletics.  1,  simple  relay  ;  2,  shuttle  relay  ;  3,  potato  relay  ; 
4,  hurdle  relay ;  5,  basket  ball  throw ;  6,  baseball  throw.  XI.  Team  games. 
1,  indoor  baseball  ;  2,  field  hockey  ;  3,  basket  ball ;  4,  captain  ball  ;  5,  volley  ball ; 
6,  Newcomb  ;  7,  end  ball ;  8,  punch  ball ;  9,  pin  ball. 

E.  Inter-class  Championship  Games  in  High  Schools. 

High  school  championships  are  decided  within  the  school  by  a  series  of 
games  whereby  each  team  of  the  school  plays  each  of  the  other  teams  entered 
in  the  school  championships.  The  team  winning  the  greatest  number  of 
games  is  the  winner  of  the  school  championship.  If  more  than  four  teams 
are  entered,  preliminary  games  are  played  to  pick  the  four  strongest  teams. 
For  the  six  games  in  which  each  of  these  four  teams  play  each  of  the  others,  a 
referee  is  assigned. 

All  games  and  contests  are  played  in  the  school  buildings  or  grounds,  except 
where  there  is  no  suitable  space — under  the  direction  of  the  instructor  of 
physical  education  or  some  other  instructor  appointed  by  the  principal. 

F.  References— rAmerican      Physical      Education      Review,     Testing     Athletic 
Ability    of     Elementary     School     Boys    (article).      Bancroft     &     Pulvermacher, 
Handbook   of   Athletic   Games.     Beard,    Outdoor   Handibook.      Bjurstedt,    Tennis 
for  Women.      Clarke  &   Dawson,    Baseball.      Dier,   The   Book   of   Winter   Sports. 
Dudley    &    Kellor,    Athletic    Games    for    Women.      Graham    &    Clark,    Practical 
Track  and  Field  Athletics.     McJLoughlin,  Tennis  as  I  Play   It.     Moore,  Keeping 
in   Condition.      New    York    City,    Rules   of    the    Public    Schools    Athletic    League. 
Playground    and    Recreation    Association    of   America,    1    Madison    avenue,    New 
York  City,  Athletic  Tests.     Rath,  Apparatus,  Track  and  Field  Work  for  Women. 
Reilly,    Rational    Athletics.      Spaulding,    A.    G.,    Athletic    Library — Rule    Books. 
Sterner.   Guide   to  Track   and    Field   Work.      Withington,    Book   of   Athletics. 

FESTIVALS  AND  PAGEANTS. 

A.  Introduction — Observance  of  the  holidays  and  other  special  days  should 
play  an  important  part  in  the  recreational  life  of  .the  school  and  community. 
Such  days  as  Columbus  Day.  Hallowe'en,  Thanksgiving,  Christmas.  Valentine's 
Day.  Washington's  and  Lincoln's  Hirt Inlays.  Kaster,  Arbor  Day,  May  Day. 


Peace  Day,  etc.,  may  be  made  so  much  more  impressive  when  celebrated  iti  the 
form  of  a  pageant  or  festival.  In  planning  for  .-such  a  celebration  care  invent  be 
taken  that  the  central  thought  or  story  is  clear  and  vivid,  and  really  central 
at  all  times;  that  the  preparations  are  simple,  consistent,  and  appropriate; 
and  that  the  participants  are  as  all-inclusive  as  possible.  To  be  truly  educa- 
tional and  valuable  as  a  social  factor,  group  activities  and  not  exhibitions  of 
individual  skill  should  make  up  the  major  part  of  the  festival.  For  particular, 
authoritative  advice  and  suggestions,  see  references  below. 

B.  References* — Atlantic  Educational  Journal,  Festivals.  Bates,  E.,  Pageants 
and  Pageantry.  Beegle  and  Crawford,  Community  Drama  and  Pageantry. 
Bjorkman,  F.,  Nation  Learning  to  Play — A  Summer  of  Patriotic  Pageants 
(World's  Work).  Chubb,  P.,  Festivals  and  Play.  Corbin  and  Fisher,  Making 
of  a  Festival  (Playground,  Vol.  V,  1912).  Davil,  Handbook  of  American 
Pageantry.  Emmanuel,  The  Antique  Greek  Dance.  Gardiner,  Greek  Athletic 
Sports  and  Festivals.  Hofer,  M.,  Christmas  in  Merry  England,  Harvest  Festival. 
Spring  Pantomime.  Keith,  Historical  Folk  Dance  Book.  Kimmins,  The  Guild 
Play  Book  of  Festival  and  Dance.  Langdon,  W.  C.,  Celebrating  the  Fourth 
of  July  by  Means  of  Pageantry,  Pageant  in  America,  Philadelphia  Historical 
Pageant.  Lincoln,  J.,  Festival  Book.  Lord,  K.,  1'ageant  of  the  Evolution  of 
Industry  (Playground,  Vol.  V,  1912).  Mackey,  Costumes  and  Scenery  for 
Amateurs,  How  to  Produce  Children's  Play,  New  Fourth  of  July,  Patriotic 
Pageants  and  Plays  for  Young  People,  The  Forest  Prince  and  Other  Masques. 
Merrington,  Festival  Plays.  Needham,  Folk  Festivals — Their  Growth  and  How- 
to  Give  them.  Oberholtzer,  Historical  Pageants  in  America  and  England,  with 
Suggestions  for  Similar  Spectacles.  Schauffler,  R.,  Our  American  Holidays. 
St.  Nicholas,  Our  Holidays,  Their  Meaning  and  Spirit  (Century,  1905).  Stevens 
and  Goodman,  Pageant  for  Independence  Day.  Taintor.  A  Rural  Pageant 
(Playground,  Vol.  VII,  1913).  Wade,  What  the  Pageant  Does  for  Local  History 
(Review  of  Reviews,  September,  1913).  See  also,  Department  of  Recreation, 
Russell  Sage  Foundation,  New  York  City.  Playground  and  Recreation  Associa- 
tion of  America. 


'Taken   largely   from    "Sources   of   Information    on    Recreation,"    Russell    Sage 
Foundation. 


EXERCISE    BY    GRADES 


GRADE  I. 

A.     Gymnastics  in  the  Form  of  Story  Plays  and  Mimetic  Exercises. 
1.     The  Story  Play. 

a.  Composition — The  story  play  consists  of  exercises  which  are  in  imitation 
of  some  form  of  activity  interesting  to  the  child  of  six  years,  and  which  in 
most  cases  are   so  connected  as  to  form   a   simple   story.     The   exercises   in 
general  have  the  following  progression:      Running,  breathing,  shoulder  blade 
exercises,  trunk  movements,  jumping,  running,  breathing. 

b.  Presentation — To  be  highly  successful,  the  story  play  needs  a  teacher 
who  understands  the  interests  of  children,  and  who  possesses  a  vivid  imagina- 
tion and  simple  dramatic  ability.     But  good  results  may  be  obtained  if  the 
following  points  are  observed:     Know  the  story  play  thoroughly;  picture  the 
exercises  to  the  children  with  sympathy  and  vividness.    Draw  the  story  from 
the  children.     Make  your  directions  simple,  clear,  and  consistent.     Don't  say 
"aisle"  when  path  or  road  would  be  more  in  keeping.    Be  quick  to 'observe,  to 
suggest,  to  enliven.     Your  own  demeanor  should  be  energetic  and  wideawake. 
Get  as  much  action  and  interest  out  of  the  story  play  as  possible. 

c.  Subjects — These  are  varied,  and  may  fit  the  season  of  the  year.     Stories 
based  upon  outdoor  life,  such  as  that  of  the  farmer  or  woodsman,  or  dra- 
matized tales,  such  as  "Red  Riding  Hood,''  are  always  appealing.     The  follow- 
ing lists  are  suggestive: 

September-November — 1.  Squirrel's  Breakfast.  2.  In  the  Woods.  3.  A  Day 
on  the  Farm.  4.  Playing  with  the  Leaves.  5.  Indians.  6.  Gathering' J^uts. 

December-February — 1.  Snow  Play.  2.  Snowstorm  and  Jack  Frost.  3.  Get- 
ting Xmas  Tree.  4.  Winter  Sports.  5.  Christmas  Day. 

March-April — 1.  Spring.  2.  A  Rainy  Day.  3.  Housecleaning.  4.  Cutting  the 
Grass.  5.  Gardening. 

Other  subjects— 1.  Forest  Elves.  2.  Little  Mice.  3.  Little  Boy  Blue.  4.  Jack 
and  the  Beanstalk.  5.  Countries.  6.  At  the  Circus.  7.  On  the  Playground. 
8.  Soldiers.  9.  Sailors.  10.  Playing  Fire.  11.  Building  a  House.  12.  Fishing. 
13.  At  the  Seashore. 

d.  Development — The  story  play  may  be  developed  as  follows:      (The  first 
two  include  detailed  descriptions  of  the  exercises  and  commands  which  may 
be  used.) 

A  Day  on  the  Farm — 1.  Running  or  skipping  over  grass  to  fields.  Running 
or  skipping  around  the  room,  one  row  following  the  other.  "Ready — go!" 
2.  Blowing  dandelion  seeds.  Hold  imaginary  flower  in  right  hand.  "Take  a 
deep  breath — in  !  Blow  the  seeds  off — blow .'"  3.  Shaking  fruit  trees.  Standing 
on  tip-toes,  arms  stretched  over  head,  shake  high  branches  of  tree,  5-10  times. 
"Ready — begin!"  4.  Picking  up  fruit  and  throwing  into  basket.  "Stoop  down 
to  pick  up  fruit — one!  Stretch  knees  and  throw  fruit  into  basket  on  left  side — 
two!  Keep  it  going  ten  times — begin!"  5.  Swimming  in  the  pond.  Feet  apart, 
arms  and  hands  in  swimming  position,  in  front  of  chest,  elbows  bent.  "Shoot 
the  arms  forward — one !  Spread  apart — two !  Back  to  chest — three !  Repeat — 
One.'  Two!  Three!"  6.  Rowing.  Sitting  on  desks,  arms  reaching  out  in 
front,  grasping  oars,  trunk  inclined  forward.  "Pull  back — one!  Bend  trunk 
forward  again  for  another  pull — two!"  Try  in  rhythm.  7.  Running  back  to 
house,  jumping  over  stone  walls.  Outline  space  on  floor  with  chalk.  Children, 


4'i 

in  circle   formation,   jump   one   at   a   time   over   designated   space.      X.    Regaining 
breath.      "Deep  breathing  with  arm  raising  sideways — In!    Out!" 

Playing  Fire — 1.  Driving  horses  to  fire.  Different  flre  apparatus  for  each  row 
of  children,  who  gallop  around  the  room.  "Ready — go!"  and  back  to  seats. 

2.  Deep    breathing    to    prepare    for    work.      "In!     Out!"      3.    Playing    water    on 
flames.     Feet  apart,  grasp  hose  in  front,  arms  outstretched.     "Move  arms  slowly 
to  left  side,  twisting  the  body  somewhat — one!     Sway  over  to  right  side — two!" 
Repeat  and  try  in  rhythm.     4.  Climbing  ladder  to  window.     Opposite  hand  and 
foot  used.     Left  hand  and  right  knee   up.     "Changing  hand   and  knee — Change! 
Again — one!     7' too.'      Keep    it    up — begin!"      ">.    Chopping    window    open.      Feet 
apart,  hands  over  right  shoulder  grasping  ax,   body   twisted   somewhat.      "Chop 
down — one!      Swing   to   other   shoulder — two!      Keep   it    going    10    counts — go!" 
6.  Throwing  clothes  out  of  window.      "Stoop   down,    pick   up   armful   of   clothes, 
etc. — one!     Stretch  up  and  throw  out  of  window — two!"     Repeat.     7.     Descend- 
ing ladder.      (See  Exercise   4   above.)      8.  Driving   horses   home.      Slow   trotting 
around   room,  holding  reins  in  front.      9.   Getting  rid   of  smoke   in   lungs.      "In  ' 
Out !" 

The  Squirrel's  Breakfast — 1.  Run  to  chestnut  grove.  2.  Smell  chestnut.*.  3. 
Pick  chestnuts.  4.  Dig  hole  and  bury  nuts.  •  5.  Jumning  from  tree  to  tree.  0. 
Run  down  tree  and  across  ground  to  home.  7.  Breathing. 

Playing  with  the  Leaves — 1.   Run  to  the  grove.      2.   Breathe  the  strong  wind. 

3.  Picking  up  leaves  and  throwing  them  to  the  winds.      4.   Raking  the  leaves  into 
a   pile.      5.  Jumping   into    pile.      6.  Running    home    against    the    wind.      7.   Deep 
breathing  to  regain  breath. 

In  the  Woods — 1.  Running  to  the  woods.     2.  Wind  blowing  through  the  trees. 

3.  Birds   fluttering   among   the   branches.      4.   Flowers    nodding   their    heads.      5. 
Trees  swaying  in   the  breeze.      6.   Squirrels  hopping  about.      7.   Rabbits   running 
swiftly  over  the  ground.     8.   Sighing  of  the  wind. 

Indians — 1.  Walking  like  warriors  to  embark  in  canoe.  2.  Paddling  down 
the  river  to  the  dense  woods.  3.  Running  through  the  woods,  hunting  for  game. 

4.  Shooting  with  bow  and  arrow  (kneeling).     5.   Picking  up  game,  and  throwing 
over  shoulder,  and  carrying  back  to  canoe.      6.   Paddling  home. 

Gathering  Nuts — 1.  Run  to  woods.  2.  Deep  breathing.  3.  Reach  up  and 
shake  branches  of  tree.  4.  Stoop  to  pick  up  and  throw  into  basket.  •'«.  Run 
home,  jumping  over  brooks  and  stone  walls.  6.  Breathing  to  regain  breath. 

Snow  Play — 1.  Running  out  to  big  fields  covered  with  snow.  2.  Wind  blowing 
and  snowflakes  falling.  3.  Shoveling  snow.  4.  Making  snowballs  and  putting 
them  into  pile  ready  to  throw.  5.  Throwing  snowballs  at  snowman.  6.  Run- 
ning back  home,  jumping  over  snowdrifts.  7.  Blowing  the  snow  off  coats. 

Snowstwm  and  Jack  Frost* — I.  Snow  falling.  2.  Wind  blowing.  3.  Jack 
Frost  paints  windows.  4.  Jack  Frost  steps  up  on  a  fence.  5.  Jack  Frost  jumps 
into  snowdrift.  6.  Jack  Frost  scampers  home.  7.  North  wind  blowing. 

Getting  Xmas  Tree — 1.  Run  to  woods  with  axes  and  saws.  2.  Blowing  the 
snow  off  trees:  3.  Getting  warmed  up.  4.  Chopping  down  tree.  5.  Sawing  the 
tree.  6.  Run  home,  dragging  tree.  7.  Deep  breathing. 

Winter  Sports — 1.  Running  to  field,  jumping  over  snowdrifts.  2.  Regaining 
breath.  3.  Warming  up.  4.  Shoveling  snow,  making  a  fort.  5.  Making  snow- 
balls. 6.  Throwing  snowballs'  at  enemy.  7.  Jumping  into  snow  over  drift. 
8.  Run  home. 

Christmas  Day — 1.  Running  about  to  get  waked  up.  2.  Being  balloons.  3. 
Jack-in-the-Box.  4.  Snapping  a  whip.  5.  Rocking  horses.  6.  Elephants.  7. 
Jumping  Jack.  S.  Engines  running  around  track.  9.  Whistles. 

Spring* — 1.  Skipping  to  woods.  2.  Smell  flowers  that  are  hidden  under  the 
leaves.  3.  Picking  flowers  and  putting  into  basket.  4.  Looking  for  the  birds. 

5.  Jumping  over  tree  trunks.      6.  Wind  blowing  through  the  trees. 

A  Rainy  Day* — -1.  The  rain  pattering  down.  2.  Wind  blowing  the  clouds 
across  the  sky.  3.  Lightning  (quick  arm  bending  and  stretching).  4.  Swaying 
of  trees.  5.  Jumping  over  mud  puddles.  6.  Trying  to  blow  the  clouds  away. 

House  Cleaning— 1.  Open  windows.  2.  Deep  breathing  Jiefore  commencing 
work.  3.  Rolling  up  the  rugs.  4.  Sweeping  the  room.  .">.  Dusting  the  top 
shelves.  6.  Taking  rugs  out  of  doors.  7.  Beating  and  shaking  rugs.  x.  Rolling 
up  rugs  and  bringing  back  to  rooms.  9.  Breathing  to  get  dust  out  of  lungs. 

Cutting  the  Grass* — 1.  Pushing  the  lawn  mower  around  the  yard.  '2.  Resting 
with  deep  breathing.  3.  Raking  the  gtass  into  pile.  4.  Picking  up  armfuls  of 
grass  and  throwing  into  wheelbarrow.  5.  Cutting  the  edge  of  the  grass  with 
shears.  6.  Pushing  wheelbarrow  with  grass  to  end  of  yard  and  dumping  into 
box.  7.  Smelling  the  grass. 

Gardening — 1.  Skipping  to  garden  with  bag  of  seeds,  rake  and  spade.  '2. 
Taking  deep  breaths  before  beginning  work.  ,  3.  Spading  the  ground.  4.  J'ick- 

*See  Grade  I   (pamphlet) — Springfield. 


44 

ing  up  stones  and  throwing  them  into  piles.      3.   Raking  the  earth.      6.   Planting 
seeds  and  smoothing  over  ground.      7.   Skipping  back  to  home. 

Forest  Elves* — Elves  skip  out  to  play  at  night.  2.  They  smell  the  flowers. 
3.  They  pick  grapes  and  berries.  4.  They,  chase  the  squirrels  and  rabbits. 
5.  They  jump  over  the  brooks  and  streams.  6.  They  blow  out  the  stars  and 
moon. 

Little  Mice* — 1.  Mice  run  softly  to  pantry.  2.  They  smell  th£  cheese  on  top 
shelf.  3.  They  climb  up  to  shelf.  4.  Cat  awakes,  stretches  himself,  and  looks 
on  top  and  lower  shelf  for  mice.  5.  Mice  scamper  home,  jumping  over  bowl  of 
milk.  6.  Deep  breathing. 

Little  Boy  Blue — 1.  Skip  to  the  meadow.  2.  Blowing  horn.  3.  Raking  the 
hay.  4.  Gathering  armfuls  of  hay  and  throwing  into  mound.  5.  Jumping  into 
hay.  6.  Skipping  home.  7.  Big  blasts  on  horn. 

Jack  and  the  Beanstalk — 1.  Jack  skips  to  garden.  2.  Takes  deep  breaths. 
3.  Climbs  the  beanstalk.  4.  Runs  to  giant's  house.  5.  Picks  up  many  bags  of 
gold  and  runs  back  to  beanstalk.  6.  Climbs  down  beanstalk.  7.  Chops  down 
beanstalk.  8.  Deep  breathing  after  work. 

Countries^ — 1.  Scotchmen  playing  bag-pipes.  (Walking  around  room,  imitat- 
ing instrument.)  2.  Swiss  climbing  the  mountains.  (Walk  around  with  high 
steps,  using  mountain  stick  to  help.)  3.  Windmills  in  Holland.  4.  Venetians 
poling  their  gondolas.  (Children  standing  on  chairs.)  5.  Japanese  walking 
around  with  short,  quick  steps.  6.  Deep  breathing. 

At    the   Circus — 1.   Parade    at    the    beginning,    each    row    representing   a    part. 

2.  Horses  galloping  around  the  ring  over  hurdle.     3.   Elephants.     4.  Dogs  jump- 
ing  through   hoops.      5.  Clown   balancing  a   stick  on   his   chin.      6.  Walking   the 
tight-rope.      7.   Chariot  race. 

On  the  Playground — 1.  Skipping  to  playground.  2.  Deep  breathing.  3. 
Throwing  and  catching  balls.  4.  Digging  and  shoveling  in  the  sand-pile.  5. 
Pushing  the  swings.  6.  See-sawing.  7.  Jump  rope.  8.  Skipping  home. 

Soldiers — 1.  Marching  around  with  swords  and  guns.  2.  Hoisting  the  Ameri- 
can flag.  3.  Saluting  the  flag.  4.  Exercises  with  the  guns.  5.  Target  practice 
from  kneeling  position.  6.  Blowing  the  bugle.  7.  Marching  back. 

Sailors* — 1.  Walking  to  wharf.  2.  Breathing  in  the  salt  air.  3.  Rowing  to 
ship.  4.  Climbing  up  rope  ladder  to  deck.  5.  Hoisting  the  sail.  6.  Pulling  up 
the  anchor.  7.  Blowing  for  the  wind. 

Building  a  House — 1.  Running  to  vacant  field.  2.  Digging  the  cellar  (break 
up  ground  with  pick-ax).  3.  Shoveling  dirt.  4.  Pounding  in  stakes  with  sledge 
hammer.  5.  Lifting  up  boards  and  nailing.  6.  Climbing  up  a  ladder  with  a 
load  of  mortar  or  bricks.  7.  Climbing  down.  8.  Lunch  time — resting. 

Fishing — 1.   Run  out  to  garden  to  dig  for  bait.     2.   Skipping  to  lake  or  river. 

3.  Rowing   out   to  middle   of   lake.     4.  Throwing   line   with   bait   into   water.     5. 
Pulling  in  the  fish.     6.  Rowing  back.      7.   Running  home  with  fish  over  shoulder. 

At  the  Seashore — 1.  Running  along  the  beach.  2.  Breathing  the  salt  air. 
3.  Throwing  stones  into  water.  4.  Swimming  in  the  water.  5.  Diving.  6. 
Shoveling  sand,  making  a  big  pile.  7.  Jumping  over  pile.  8.  Skipping  home. 

2.  Mimetic  Exercises — These  may  be  used  for  the  relief  period,  the  teacher 
.selecting  an  exercise  from  at  least  three  groups,  always  from  those  marked 
warming-up,  breathing,  and  compensatory. 

a.  General    Warming-up    Exercises — Marching,    skipping,    running,    galloping, 
flying.     These  may  be  accompanied  by  music.      / 

b.  Breathing  Exercises. 

(1)  Blowing   dandelion   seeds.      Hold    flower   in    right    hand.      "Take    a    deep 
breath — in .'     Blow  the  seeds  off — blow .'" 

(2)  Blowing   up   paper    bag.      Hold    bag    in    right    hand.      "Take    in    a    deep 
breath — one!     Blow  up  the  bag — two!     Burst  the  bag — three!" 

c.  Compensatory   Exercises — In   general,   all-round   trunk   exercises   involving 
the  use  of  the  legs,   arms,  and  trunk.! 

(1)  "Walk"    (b)   st.  forward  bending  with  hand  clapping  behind  knee,  alter- 
nating with  hand  clapping  in  front  of  face.      Place  the  left  foot  forward.      Bend 
forward,    clapping   hands   behind    knee   of   advanced    foot ;    raise    the    trunk    and 
clap  hands  together  in  front  of  face.     Do  it  in  rhythm,  first  with  the  left  foot 
forward  and  then  with  the  right.      (From  8  to  12  times  on  each  side.) 

(2)  Stride    st.    chopping    wood.     Jump    with    the    feet    apart      Hands    hold 
hatchet    over    left    shoulder.     Chop   down    and    raise    hatchet    to   other    shoulder. 
Have   children   follow   by   imitation.     Keep   it  up    10    times  or   more.     "Ready — 
begin  '." 

•Springfield.     fDetroit. 

tExercises  c-1,  2,  4,  6,  8,  9,  10,  11,  13,  15;  cl-1,  2,  3,  taken  from  "Health, 
Strength  and  Power" — D.  A.  Sargent. 


45 

(3)  Climbing  ladder.     Alternate  arm  flinging  forward,  upward  with  opposite 
alternate    knee    upward    bending.       (Demonstrate    first.)       Raise    the    left    arm 
high,  grasping  side  of  ladder,  also  bend  the  right  knee  upward.     Begin  to  climb 
slowly — rungs  far  apart — then  increase  in  speed. 

(4)  Stride  st.  scooping  sand.     Jump  with  feet  apart.     Stoop  down   to  scoop 
up  sand  with  both  hands ;  stand  erect  and  raise  arms  above  the  head.     Keep  it 
up  in  rhythm  from   8   to   12   times.     Repeat. 

(5)  Rowing,   sitting  on  desks.     Sitting  on  desks,   facing  back  of   room,   feet 
under  chair.     Trunk  bent  forward,   arms  outstretched.     Bend   the  arms  and   at 
the   same   time   raise    the   trunk,   leaning    backward   a   little.     Keep    it    going    in 
rhythm. 

(6)  Stride   st.    driving  stakes   with   sledge   hammer.     Jump   with   feet   apart. 
Swing  hammer   back   to   other   shoulder.     Demonstrate   movement    and    start    in 
rhythm. 

(7)  Picking  up  stones  and  placing  on  one  side,  left  and  right.     "Down — one! 
Up    and    throw    to    left    side — two!      Again — one!     Two!      Now    keep    it    up    10 
times.     Ready — go!"     Same  on  right  side. 

(8)  Locomotive.     Left  leg  is  drawn  up;  right  arm  extended;  left  arm  drawn 
back.     Change   of   arms   and   feet   by   alternate   knee   upward    bending   and   arm 
stretching  forward.     In  rhythm   10-15   times. 

(9)  Rope-pulling  horizontal.     Left  foot  advanced   in  front   of  right.     Trunk 
bent  forward  a  little  ;  arms  extended  in  front,  grasping  rope ;  left  knee  is  bent. 
Bend   the   arms,   pulling  rope  back,    straightening   left   knee   and   bending  right. 
Keep  it  going  in  rhythm.     Repeat  with  right  foot  advanced. 

(10)  "Bend"   st.   chicken  wings.      (Arms  bent,    hands  in  front  of  shoulder.) 
Raising  of  elbows  with  alternate  knee  upward  bending.     Rhythm  is  vigorous. 

(11)  Mowing    with    scythe.     Jump    with    feet    apart.      Both    arms    extended 
downward   on   right   side.     Sweep   the   arms   around    to   left,    bending   the   knees 
slightly.     Keep  it  going  in  rhythm. 

(12)  Stride  st.  planting  seed.     "With  a  jump,  feet  sideways — place!"     Take 
seed  or  plant  from  desk  on  left  side  with  left  hand   (right  hand  tm  hip).     Stoop 
down   to   plant   with   slight  trunk   twisting   to   right.     Keep   this   up   in   rhythm. 
Repeat,  planting  with  right  hand,  left  on  hip. 

(13)  Pulling  rope  overhead.      (Hoisting   sail.)      Feet   slightly   apart.      Right 
arm  extended,  grasping  rope  above  ;  left  hand  grasping  rope  below  waist.     Pull 
rope   down   with   right   hand,   bending   both    knees   at   same   time.     Repeat    with 
left,  etc.     Keep  it  going  in  rhythm. 

(14)  Stride   st.    shoveling    (snow    or   coal).      "Feet    sideways — place!"     Both 
hands    grasping    handle    of    shovel,    bend    down    and    shovel ;    then    raise    trunk, 
throwing    contents    of    shovel    over    left    shoulder.     Keep    it    going    in    rhythm. 
Repeat,  throwing  over  right  shoulder. 

(15)  Rowing.     Left  leg  advanced,  right  knee  bent,  arms  held  bent  at  sides, 
weight  on  right  leg.     Reach  well  forward,   bending  and  throwing  weight  on  to 
left  leg,  and  extending  arms  toward  floor.     Pull  par  back,  returning  to  starting 
position.     Keep  it  up  in  rhythm.     Repeat  with  right  foot  advanced. 

d.  Lateral  Trunk  Exercises. 

(1)  Tree  swaying  from  "cross  (e)"  stride  position.  Feet  apart,  arms  stretched 
overhead,   bent  at  elbows  but  not  held   rigid.     Side   bending  of  trunk,   swaying 
from  left  to  right  in  rhythm.     Have  class  follow  by  imitation.      (Movement  slow 
and  smooth.) 

(2)  Weather-vane    cross    (c)     stride    st.    trunk    twisting.     "Jump    with    feet 
apart.     Arms  sideways — raise !     Bend,  trunk  twisting  to  left  and  right  in  slow, 
even  time.     Ready — begin .' 

(3)  Steamboat    (Cross    (c)    stride   st.    side-and-knee  bending).      "Jump   with 
feet    apart.      Arms    sideways — raise .'     Bend    over    to    left    side,    with    left    knee 
bending.     Come  to  erect  position  and  then  bend  to  right,  etc.     Keep  it  going  in 
rhythm.      Ready — begin  !" 

e.  Balance  Exercises. 

(1)  Shaking  fruit  from  branches  of  tree.   Standing  on  tip-toe,  arms  stretched 
high  overhead.     Shake  fruit  from  branches  of  tree  8-10  times  in  quick  rhythm. 

(2)  Hip    grasp    walk     (b)     st.     heel    raising    (weight    on    advanced    foot). 
Imagine  balancing  object  on  head. 

(3)  Hip  grasp  toe  st.   slow  walk  forward,  as  on  rails  of  track.     "Hands  on 
hips — place!     Heels — raise!"     Walking  forward   slowly   on   toes    (as   if  on    rail 
of  track).      "Ready — go!     And  stop!"      (Informal  facing.)      Repeat,  going  back 
to  places. 

f.  Precipitant  Exercises. 

(1)  Jumping  over  stream.     Circle  formation.      (Draw   outline  of  stream   on 
floor    in   front   of   seats.)      One    child    at    a   time    jumps.      Be    ready    to    receive 
Jumpers. 

(2)  Jumping  over  ruler  or  pointer.     Circle  formation.     One  child  at  a  time 
jumps.     Two  children  (girl*)  may  hold  ruler.     Be  ready  to  receive  jumpers. 

(3)  Running  jump  up  and  touch  ruler  or  branches  of  tree.     Circle  formation. 


46 

Ruler    held    high.     Try    to    touch    ruler    first    with    right    hand,    then    with    left. 
Stand  in  proper  position  to  receive  runners. 

(4)  Climb    over    stone    walls.       (Seats.)       Children    climb    over    seats    into 
opposite  aisle  on  command,  "Ready — go!" 

(5)  Foot   placing   sideways   with   hand    slapping   overhead    (Jumping   Jack). 
Demonstrate  first.     "Ready — begin!     Class,  halt!" 

(6)  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on  toes  10  times.     "Hands  on  hips — place!     Jump 
on  toes  10  times.     Ready — begin!"      (Rhythm  fairly  quick.) 

B.  Games  and  Plays.* 

Playground — Mr.  Slap  Jack.  Teacher  and  Class.  Drop  the  Handkerchief. 
Cat  and  Rat.  Follow  the  Leader.  Squirrel  in  Trees.  Charlie  Over  the  Water. 
Belled  Cat.  Railroad  Train.  Fox  and  Rabbit  (Squirrel).  Hands  Up.  Garden 
Scamp.  I  Spy.  Skip  Tag.  This  is  the  Lady  (S.  P.  G.  M.).  Round  and  Round 
Went  the  Gallant  Ship.  Puss-in-the-Corner.  Circle  Game.  Blind  Man's  Buff. 
Cat  and  Mice. 

Schoolroom — Jack  Be  Nimble.  I  Saw.  Squirrel  and  Nut.  I  Say  Stoop. 
Changing  Seats.  Crossing  the  Brook.  Bean  Bag  in  the  Circle.  Prince  Tiptoe. 
Ring  Master.  Ride  the  Thimble.  Butterflies  (Oregon). 

Rhythmic  Plays — King  of  France.  Roman  Soldiers.  I  Went  to  Visit  a  Friend. 
Muffin  Man  (on  record).  Looby  Loo  (on  record).  Did  You  Ever  See  a  Lassie? 
(on  record).  Jolly  Miller  (on  record).  Ring  Around  a  Rosey.  London  Bridge 
(on  record).  Ten  Little  Indians. 

Nurture  Play** — Dolls.     House.     Pets.     Gardens. 

Constructive  Plays** — Sand  Box.  Clay  Modeling.  Folding.  Cutting  Out. 
Drawing.  Weaving.  Raffia.  Bead  Work.  Sewing.  Knitting.  Whittling. 

Other  Plays — Skating.  Sliding.  Coasting.  Wading.  Swimming.  Jumping 
Rope.  Climbing — Ladders,  Ropes,  Poles,  Rings.  Rolling  Hoops.  Roller  Skating. 
i 

•For  descriptions  see  Bancroft  and  other  references,  pages  33-4. 
••Reprinted  from   "The  Playground"  with  permission  of  the   Playground   and 
Recreation  Association  of  America. 

C.  Dances.* 

Yankee  Doodle  (Ms. ).t  Merry-Go-Round  (Ms.).  Goosey,  Goosey  Gander 
(Ms.).  Lucy  Locket  (Ms.).  Brownies  and  Fairies  (Ms.).  Tin  Soldiers  (Ms.). 
I  See  You  (Bl.  I  &  Cp.  II). t  Carousal  (Bl.  I  &  Cp.  I).  Danish  Dance  of  Greet- 
ing (Bl.  I  &  Cp.  I).  German  Clap  Dance  (Cp.  I).  Seven  Jumps  (Bl.  TI).t 
Gustaf  Skoal  (Bl.  II). t  Peer  Spelman  (Cp.  II).  This  the  Way  Mv  Dolly 
Walks  (Cf.  II).  Pussy  Cat,  Pussy  Cat  (Ms.).  Pop  Goes  the  Weasel.'t 
Marusaki.  I  Should  Like  to  Ride  a  Pony.  Robin  Red  Breast.  Hickory- 
Dickory-Dock. 


•For  explanations  of  abbreviations,  see  page  30. 
tOn  talking  machine  records. 

GRADE  II. 
A.     Gymnastic  Drills. 

[The  following  lessons  include  exercises  progressively  arranged,  each  having  a 
particular  purpose.  In  general  the  exercises  are  given  in  two  parts:  The  first 
includes  the  name  of  the  exercise,  and  describes  concisely  what  is  desired  for 
complete  execution.  The  second  part,  in  quotations,  suggests  the  commands  to  be 
used.  The  final  command,  the  signal  for  execution,  is  printed  in  hrnry  type. 
For  detailed  explanations  of  starting  position*  and  movements  see  Chanter  II 
"Exercise  in  Detail."'] 

Lesson  I — 1.  Standing  (on  clapping  of  Ijaiids).  Emphasize  standing  tall 
and  still  like  a  statue  or  soldier.  2.  Running.  One  line  at  a  time  around 
room.  Heads  high,  light,  quick  steps  like  spirited  horses.  3.  Hip  grasp  st. 
deep  breathing.  (Swelling  and  flattening  of  a  balloon.)  Hands  placed  on 
the  hips.  Deep  breathing— "In  Out!"  4.  "Walk  (b)"  st.  forward  bending, 
with  hand  clapping  behind  knee,  alternating  with  hand  clapping  in  front  of 
face.  (Sargent,  Ex.  39.)*  Place  the  left  foot  forward,  ftend  forward,  clap- 
ping hands  behind  knee  of  advanced  foot;  raise  the  trunk  and  clap  hands 
together  in  front  of  face.  (Commands  may  be,  "Down!  Up!"  or  "One!  Two!" 
Do  it  in  rhythm,  first  with  the  left  foot  forward,  and  then  with  the  right. 
(From  8  to  12  times  on  each  side.)  5.  Shaking  fruit  from  branches  of  tree. 
Standing  on  tip-toe,  arms  stretched  high  overhead.  Shake  fruit  from  brandies 

•Health,  Strength  and  Power,"  by  D.  A.  Sargent. 


47 

of  tree  8-10  times  in  quick  rhythm.  0.  Running  in  place,  like  a  sewing 
machine.  (Demonstrate  first.)  Start  slowly  and  lightly,  then  gradually 
increase  in  speed..  7.  Arm  raising  sideways  with  deep  breathing.  "Raise  the 
arms  sideways  and  take  a  long,  deep  breath — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!'' 

Lesson  II — 1.  Standing  (on  clapping  of  hands).  Emphasize  getting  up 
quickly  and  quietly,  and  standing  tall  and  still.  2.  Marching.  3.  Hip  grasp 
st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  deep  breathing  (blowing  of  the  wind). 
"Place  the  hands  on  the  hips.  Take  in  a  long,  deep  breath — in!  Blow  it  out 
like  the  wind — blow!  Way  up  high — one!  Two!"  4.  Stride  st.  chopping 
wood.  (Sargent,  Ex.  4.)  Jump  with  the  feet  apart.  Hands  hold  hatchet 
over  left  shoulder.  Chop  down  and  raise  hatchet  to  other  shoulder.  Have 
children  follow  up  by  imitation.  Keep  it  up  10  times  or  more.  "Ready! — 
begin!"  5.  Climbing  ladder;  alternate  arm  flinging  forward -upward,  with 
opposite  alternate  knee  upward  bending.  (Demonstrate  first.)  Raise  the  left 
arm  high,  grasping  side  of  ladder;  also  bend  the  right  knee  upward.  Begin 
to  climb  slowly — rungs  far  apart — then  increase  in  speed.  6.  Ann  raising 
sideways  (palms  up)  with  deep  breathing.  "Raise  the  arms  sideways  with 
the  palms  turned  up — one!  Two!  Same  with  deep  breathing — one!  Two!" 

Lesson  III — 1.  Standing  from  sitting  position.  (Use  in  all  following  les- 
sons.) 2.  Skipping.  One  line  at  a  time  around  the  room.  Emphasize  light- 
ness and  vigor.  3.  Turning  of  palms  with  deep  breathing.  "Turn  the  palms 
outward  and  take  a  deep  breath — one!  Two!  Again—  one!  Two!"  4.  Stride 
st.  scooping  sand.  (Sargent,  Ex.  9.)  Jump  with  feet  apart.  Stoop  down 
to  scoop  up  sand  with  both  hands;  stand  erect  and  raise  arms  above  the 
head.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm  from  8  to  12  times.  5.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  heel 
raising  (weight  on  advanced  foot).  Imagine  balancing  object  on  head.  Hands 
placed  on  hips,  left  foot  forward.  Rise  well  upon  the  toes,  keeping  as  still  as 
possible  so  that  basket  or  bundle  will  not  fall  from  head.  Repeat  2  or  3 
times.  Repeat  with  right  foot  forward.  6.  Arm  bending  (in  rhythm).  Start 
immediately  in  rhythm,  class  imitating  until  all  are  executing  movement 
together.  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  deep  breathing.  (Blowing  soap  bubbles  up  into 
air.)  "Hands  placed  on  hips.  Take  a  deep  breath.  (Head  bent  back  to  blow 
bubbles  up  into  air.)  Blow!  Again — one!  Two!" 

Lesson  IV — 1.  "Attention!"  and  "In  place  rest!"  (Use  hereafter  in  all 
following  lessons:  "Class — attention!"  (Like  soldiers.)  "In  place — rest!" 
(Left  foot  to  side.)  2.  Jack-in-the-box.  Moderate  knee  bending  (with  slight 
support  of  hands  on  knees)  and  quick  return.  Feet  somewhat  apart.  "When 
I  say  one!  bend  the  knees  quickly — one!  Now  stretch  knees — two!  Repeat — 
one!  Two!"  Try  in  rhythm.  3.  Arm  raising  sideways,  with  backward  mov- 
ing of  head  and  deep  breathing.  "Arm  raising  sideways,  with  deep  breath- 
ing— one!  Two!  Some  with  head  moving  backward — one!  Two!"  4.  Rowing, 
sitting  on  desks.  Sitting  on  desks,  facing  back  of  room,  feet  under  chair. 
Trunk  bent 'forward,  arms  outstretched.  Bend  the  arms  and  at  the  same  time 
raise  the  trunk,  leaning  backward  a  little.  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm.  5.  Tree 
sw7aying  from  "cross  (e)"  stride  position.  (Sargent,  Ex.  2.)  Feet  apart,  arms 
stretched  overhead,  bent  at  elbows  but  not  held  rigid.  Side  bending  of  trunk, 
swaying  from  left  to  right  in  rhythm.  Have  class  follow  by  imitation.  (Move- 
ment slow  and  smooth.)  6.  Jumping  over  stream.  Circle  formation.  (Draw 
outline  of  stream  on  floor  in  front  of  seats.)  One  child  at  a  time  jumps. 
Be  ready  to  receive  jumpers.  7.  Arm  raising  sideways  with  turning  of  palms 
and  chest  raising.  "Arm  raising  sideways  with  turning  of  palms  and  chest 
raising — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Again,  i — 2." 

Lesson  V  (Review) — 1.  Running  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  4).  2.  Turning  of  palms 
with  deep  breathing  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  3).  3.  "Walk  (b)"  st.  forward  bending 
with  hand  clapping  behind  knee  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  4).  4.  Arm  bending  in  rhythm 
(Lesson  3,  Ex.  4).  5.  Climbing  ladder  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  5).  6.  Arm  raising  side- 
ways with  deep  breathing  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  7). 


48 

Lesson  VI — 1.  Flying.  One  line  at  a  time  around  room,  arms  waving  like 
the  wings  of  a  bird.  2.  Bend  st.  chest  raising.  "Arms — bend!  With  deep 
breathing,  chest — raise!  Sink!  Again — one!  Two!"  *3.  Picking  up  stones 
and  placing  on  one  side,  left  and  right.  "Down — one!  Up  and  throw  to  left 
side — two!  Again — one!  Two!  Now  keep  it  up  10  times,  ready- — go!"  Same 
on  right  side.  *4.  Stride  st.  driving  stakes  with  sledge  hammer.  (Sargent, 
Ex.  37.)  Jump  with  feet  apart.  Swing  hammer  back  of  shoulder,  overhead, 
and  down.  Swing  to  other  shoulder.  Demonstrate  movement  and  start  in 
rhythm,  5.  Hip  grasp  toe  st.  slow  walk  forward,  as  on  rails  of  track.  "Hands 
on  hips — place!  Heels — raise!  Walking  forward  slowly  on  toes  (as  if  on 
rails  of  track).''  Ready — go!  And  stop!  (Informal  facing.)  Repeat,  going 
back  to  places.  G.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on  toes  10  times.  "Hands  on  hips — 
place!  Jump  on  toes  10  times.  Ready — begin!"  (Rhythm  fairly  quick.) 
7.  Turning  of  palms  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing. 
"Turning  of  palms  with  deep  breathing — one!  Two!  Same  with  backward 
moving  of  head — one!  Two!" 

•May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  VII — *1.  Running.  (See  Lesson  1,  Exercise  2.)  *2.  Hip  grasp  st. 
heel  raising  (in  rhythm).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heel  raising  in  this  time 
(demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Arm  raising  forward,  side- 
ways, and  sinking  downward  (2  counts).  "Sweep  the  arms  forward  and 
sideways  (one  movement) — one!  Sink  downward — two!  Repeat — one! 
Two!"  4.  Locomotive.  (Sargent,  Ex.  21.)  Left  leg  is  drawn  up;  right  arm 
extended,  left  arm  drawn  back.  Change  of  arms  and  feet  by  alternate  knee 
upward  bending  and  arm  stretching  forward.  In  rhythm  10  to  15  times. 
5.  Weather-vane  (Cross  (c)  stride  st.  trunk  twisting).  (Sargent,  Ex.  20.) 
"Jump  with  feet  apart.  Arms  sideways — raise!  (Trunk  twisting  to  left  and 
right  in  slow,  even  time.)  Ready — begin!"  6.  Running  jump  up  and  touch 
ruler.  Circle  formation.  Ruler  held  high.  Try  to  touch  ruler  first  with  right 
hand,  then  with  left.  (Stand  in  proper  position  to  receive  runners.)  7.  Cross 
(c)  st.  turning  of  palms  with  backward  moving  of  head,  with  deep  breathing. 
"Arms  sideways — raise!  Turning  of  palms  with  backward  moving  of  head — 
one!  Two!  Same  with  deep  breathing — one!  Two!" 

*May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  VIII — 1.  Galloping.  One  line  at  a  time  around  the  room.  2.  Arm 
raising  sideways-upward  with  deep  breathing.  "Arm  raising  sideways- 
upward  with  deep  breathing — one!  Two!"  3.  Rope-pulling-horizontal.  (Sar- 
gent, Ex.  10.)  Left  foot  advanced  in  front  of  right.  Trunk  bent  forward  a 
little;  arms  extended  in  front,  grasping  rope;  left  knee  is  bent.  Bend  the 
arms,  pulling  rope  back,  straightening  left  knee  and  bending  right.  Keep  it 
going  in  rhythm.  Repeat  with  right  foot  advanced.  4.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b) 
toe  st.  position  (change  with  a  jump).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  foot 
forward — place!  Heels — raise!  Sink!  Again — one!  Two!  With  a  jump 
feet — change!  Heel  raising— one!  Two!"  5.  Steamboat  (Cross  (c)  stride  st. 
side-and-knee  bending).  (Sargent,  Ex.  15.)  "Jump  with  feet  apart.  Arms 
sideways — raise!  Bend  over  to  left  side  with  left  knee  bending.  Come  to 
erect  position  and  then  bend  to  right,  etc.  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm,  ready- 
begin!"  t>.  Climb  over  stone-wall.  (Seats.)  Children  climb  over  seats  into 
opposite  aisle  on  command.  "Ready — go!"  7.  Deep  breathing  with  one  hand 
on  chest.  Place  right  hand  on  chest.  Deep  breathing — one!  Two! 

Lesson  IX — 1.  Running.  One  line  at  a  time  around  room.  (High  stepping, 
trotting  horses.)  2.  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  \ipward  witli  chest  raising. 
"Arms — bend!  Arm  stretching  upward,  slowly,  with  chest  raising — -one! 
Two!"  .'?.  "Bend"  st. — chicken  wings.  (Sargent,  Ex.  23.)  (Arms  bent,  hands 
in  front  of  shoulder.)  Raising  of  elbows  with  alternate  knee  upward  bending. 
Rhythm  is  vigorous.  4.  Mowing  with  scythe.  (Sargent,  Ex.  25.)  Jump  with 


40 

feet  apart.  Both  anus  extended  downward  on  right  side.  Sweep  tlie  arms 
around  to  left,  bending  the  knees  slightly.  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm.  r>.  Neck 
grasp  st.  position.  "Hands  on  neck — place!  Position!  Again — one!  Two!" 
t5.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  (10  counts). 
(Demonstrate  before  giving  attention.)  "Hands  on  hips'— place!  Jump  on 
toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  feet  apart  first,  ready — begin!''  7.  Arm  rais- 
ing sideways  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing.  "Arm  rais- 
ing sideways  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing — one!  Two!" 

Lesson  X  (Mostly  Review) — 1.  Marching.  Circle  formation.  Try  keeping 
time  and  halting.  "Class  forward — march!  Class,  halt!''  2.  Arm  raising 
forward,  sideways,  and  sinking  downward  (Lesson  7).  3.  Stride  st.  driving 
stakes  with  sledge  hammer  (Lesson  6.  Ex.  4).  or  Locomotive  (Lesson  7.  Ex.  4i. 
4.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b)  toe  st.  position  (change  with  a  jump)  (Lesson  (J. 
Ex.  5).  5.  Steamboat  (cross  (c)  stride  st.  side  and  knee  bending)  (Lesson  8. 
Ex.  5).  6.  Climb  over  stone-wall  (seats)  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  6),  or  Running  jump 
up  to  touch  ruler  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  6). 

Lesson  XI — 1.  Running  and  skipping.  One  line  at  a  time  around  the  room. 
(Try  keeping  time.)  2.  Arm  raising  sideways,  palms  up.  with  backward  mov- 
ing of  head.  "Arm  raising  sideways,  palms  up.  with  backward  moving  of 
head — one!  Two!''  3.  Stride  st..  planting  seed.  "With  a  jump,  feet  side- 
ways— place!"  Take  seed  or  plant  from  desk  on  left  side  with  left  hand 
(right  hand  on  hip).  Stoop  down  to  plant  with  slight  trunk  twisting  to  right. 
Keep  this  up  in  rhythm.  Repeat,  planting  with  right  hand,  left  on  hip. 
*4.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  downward  (quick  rhythm).  "Arm  bending 
and  stretching  downward  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  Stop!" 
*5.  Pulling  rope  overhead.  (Hoisting  sail.)  (Sargent.  Ex.  16.)  Feet  slightly 
apart.  Right  arm  extended  grasping  rope  above,  left  hand  grasping  rope 
below  waist.  Pull  rope  down  with  right  hand,  bending  botli  knees,  at  same 
time.  Repeat  with  left,  etc.  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm.  0.  Jumping  over  ruler 
(or  pointer).  Circle  formation.  One  child  at  a  time  jumps.  Two  children 
(girls)  may  hold  ruler.  Be  ready  to  receive  jumpers.  7.  Grasp  sitting,  chest 
raising.  Sitting  erect  in  seats,  grasping  corners  of  desk.  "\Yith  a  deep 
breath  chest — raise!  Sink!  Again — one!  Two!" 

*May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  XII — *1.  Marching.  (See  Lesson  10.)  *•!.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  knee 
bending  (in  rhythm).  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  ,  Knee  bend- 
ing in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  And,  stop!"  3.  Bend  st. 
arm  stretching  sideways,  palms  up,  with  chest  raising.  "Arms — bend!  Slow 
arm  stretching  sideways,  palms  up.  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Stride 
st.  shoveling  (snow  or  coal).  "Feet  sideways — place!"  Botli  hands  grasping 
handle  of  shovel,  bend  down  and  shovel;  then  raise  trunk,  throwing  contents 
of  shovel  over  left  shoulder.  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm.  Repeat,  throwing  over 
right  shoulder.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm.  5.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward 
(quick  rhythm).  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  in  this  time  (demon- 
strate): .Ready — begin!  Stop!"  |6.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee  upward 
bending  (quick  rhythm).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Alternate  knee  upward 
bending  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!"  7.  Hip 
grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward.  (Demonstrate 
before  commanding  attention.)  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  with 
foot  placing  forward-backward:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!"  (Stopping 
with  feet  together,  on  second  count.)  S.  Backward  moving  of  head  with  deep 
breathing.  "Backward  moving  of  head  with  deep  breathing — one!  Two!" 

*May  be  alternated.     fMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  XIII — *1.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising  (r).  "Hands  on  hips— place! 
Heel  raising  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  And,  stop!''  *2. 


50 

Stride  st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  (r).  "Feet  sideways — 
place!  Ann  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  in  this  time  (demonstrate): 
Ready — begin!  Stop!"  3.  Neck  grasp  st.  chest  raising.  "Hands  on  neck — 
place!  With  deep  breathing  chest — raise!  Sink!  Again — one!  Two!"  4. 
Struje  st.  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk  with  sweep  of  arms  sideways- 
forward  and  on  return  sideways-downward,  striking  thighs.  (Demonstrate 
before  commanding  attention.)  "Feet  sideways — place!  Downward  bending, 
trying  to  touch  floor  (with  sweep  of  arms)  :  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  5.  Hip 
grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  all  the  way  from  left  to  right  and 
vice  versa.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!"  Bend  to  the  left,  then 
all  the  way  over  to  right.  Then  over  to  left.  Keep  it  going  in  slow,  even 
time.  (i.  Foot  placing  sideways  with  hand  slapping  overhead  (Jumping  Jack). 
(Demonstrate  first.)  "Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!"  7.  Turning  of  palms 
with  backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing.  "Turning  of  palms  with 
backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing — one!  Two!" 

•May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  XIV — *1.  Marching  and  halt.  Circle  formation.  Try  keeping  time 
and  step.  "Class  forward — march!  Class,  halt!"  *2.  Arm  flinging  forward 
with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Arm  flinging  forward  with  knee  bending, 
heels  off,  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — go!  Stop!''  3.  Arm  circum- 
duction  with  deep  breathing.  "Arms  forward-upward — raise!  Sideways- 
downward — sink!  Same  with  deep  breathing — one!  Two!"  4.  Rowing. 
(Sargent,  Ex.  54.)  Left  leg  advanced,  right  knee  bent,  arms  held  bent  at 
sides,  weight  on  right  leg.  Reach  well  forward,  bending  and  throwing  weight 
on  to  left  leg,  and  extending  arms  toward  floor.  Pull  oar  back,  returning  to 
starting  position.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm.  Repeat  with  right  foot  advanced. 
t5.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  side- 
ways in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And,  stop!"  6.  Hip  grasp 
close  one-half  hook  st.  position.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet— close!  Left  knee 
upward — bend!  Foot  re-place!  Same  with  right — one!  Two!"  Repeat  with 
left.  7.  Steamboat  (Cross  (c)  stride  st.  side-and-knee  bending).  (Sargent,  Ex. 
15.)  (Demonstrate  while  class  is  at  ease.)  "Feet  sideways — place!  Arms 
sideways — raise!  Ready  (to  the  left) — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st. 
hop  on  one  foot  four  times  and  change  without  stopping.  (Demonstrate  first.) 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Raise  the  right  foot  a  little.  Hop  on  the  left  foot 
four  times,  then  change:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!" 

*May  be  alternated.     IMay  be  omitted. 

Lesson  XV  (Review) — 1.  Stride  st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending 
(Lesson  13,  Ex.  2).  Neck  grasp  st.  chest  raising  (Lesson  13,  Ex.  3).  3.  Stride 
st.  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk  with  sweep  of  arms  sideways-forward, 
and  on  return  sideways-downward,  striking  thighs  (Lesson  13,  Ex.  4).  4.  Arm 
bending  and  stretching  upward  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  5).  5.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on 
toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  7).  6.  Grasp  sitting 
chest  raising  (Lesson  11,  Ex.  7). 

B.     Suggestive  Relief  Periods.  • 
1.     Group  I. 

a.  Morning — (1)     Arm  stretching  down  by  side  with  chest  expansion  (feet 
a    few    inches   apart).     Position    is    somewhat    exaggerated.     Try    later    with 
heel  raising.     (2)   Hip  gra.sp  stride  standing — deep  breathing  with  backward 
moving  of  head.     (Push  chin  well  against  neck.)      (3)   Arm  flinging  sideways 
(sharp  and  slow  movements — on  command). 

b.  Morning — (1.)   Marking   time   and   marching    (Lesson    10,    Ex.    1).      (2) 
Skipping  (see  Lesson  3.  Ex.  2K     (3)   Arm  raising  sideways   (palms  up)   with 
deep  breathing  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  7). 


51 

c.  Afternoon — (1)  Stride  st.,  scooping  sand  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  4).  (2)  Tree 
swaying  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  5).  (3)  Jumping  on  toes  (Lesson  (5,  Ex.  fi).  From 
10-20  times. 

2.  Group  II. 

a.  Morning — (1)   Arm    raising    sideways    upward    slowly,    then    stretching 
tall,  eyes  looking  up  at  lingers.     (2)   Turning  of  palms  with  strong  backward 
moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  7).     (3)   Hip  grasp  stand- 
ing; change  to  neck  grasp  standing;  quick  changes  on  command. 

b.  Morning — (1)   Galloping    (Lesson   8,    Ex.    1).      (2)  Running   jump    over 
stream  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  6).     (3)   Deep  breathing  with  one  hand  on  chest   (Les- 
son 8,  Ex.  7). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)   Chicken  wings  (Lesson  9.  Ex.  3).     (2)   Hip  grasp  stride 
standing,  side  bending  of  trunk  all  the  way  from   left  to  right    (Lesson   13, 
Ex.  5).     (3)  Jumping  Jack  (Lesson  13,  Ex.  6). 

3.  Group  III. 

a.  Morning — (1)   Neck  grasp   standing    (feet   a   few   inches  apart).     Spine 
stretching.     "Stretch   up   tall!"      (2)     (Stride    standing)    arm    circumduction 
with  deep  breathing  and  backward  moving  of  head   (Lesson   14,  Ex.  3).     (3) 
Hip  grasp  close  one-half  hook  standing  position  (Lesson  14,  Ex.  6). 

b.  Morning — (1)   Marching    (Lesson   10,   Ex.    1).      (2)   Running    (Lesson  9, 
Ex.  1).      (3)   Arm  raising  sideways  upward  with  heel  raising  and  backward 
moving  of  head. 

c.  Afternoon — (l)Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways  and  upward  (Les- 
sons 12  and  14,  Ex.  5).     (2)   Locomotive   (Lesson  7,  Ex.  4).     (3)    Hip  grasp 
standing,  hop  on  one  foot  four  times  and  change  without  stopping  (Lesson  14, 
Ex.  8). 

C.  Games  and  Plays.* 

Playground — Review  games  of  Grade  I.  Cat  and  Rat.  Blind  Man's  Buff. 
Puss  in  the  Circle.  Jump  the  Shot.  I  Say  Stoop.  Ringmaster.  Crossing  the 
Brook.  Follow  the  Leader.  Squat  Tag.  Old  Man  in  the  Castle.  Bull  in  the 
Ring.  Fox  and  Squirrel.  Squirrel  Game.  Little  Johnnie  Stoops.  Catch  the 
Wand  or  Cane.  Tug-of-War.  Catch  Me  (Stecher).  Change  Tag  (Stecher). 
Bag  in  the  Ring. 

Schoolroom — Fire  Engine.  I  Say  Stoop.  Fox  and  Squirrel.  Simon  Says. 
Eraser  Game.  Exchange  Tag.  Do  This,  Do  That.  Changing  Seats.  Huckle, 
Buckle  Beanstalk. 

Rhythmic  Plays — Mulberry  Bush  (on  record).  Did  You  ever  See  a  Lassie? 
(on  record).  Looby  Loo  (on  record).  Kittie  White.  Rabbit  in  the  Hollow. 
Farmer  in  the  Dell.  Jolly  Miller  (on  record).  London  Bridge  (on  record). 

Nurture  PZoj/t — Dolls.     House.     Pets.     Gardens. 

Constructive  P/oj/t — (See  Grade  I.) 

Other  Ptaj/st — (See  Grade  I.) 

•For  descriptions  see  Bancroft  and  other  references,  pages  33-4. 
tReprinted  from  "The  Playground"  with  permission. 

D.  Dances4 

Review  dances  under  Grade  I:  Chimes  of  Dunkirk  (Cp.  I).  English  Har- 
vester Dance  (Cp.  I).  Seven  Jumps  (Bl.  II). t  Our  Little  Girls  (Bl.  II). t 
Sleeping  Beauty  (Cf.).  Nixie  Polka  (Cp.  I).t  Marusaki.  The  Sun  Dance. 
(Clarke).  Three  Crows  (Clarke).  Ride  a"  Cock  Horse  (Clarke).  Sing  a  Song 
of  Sixpence  (Ms.).  The  Swing  Song.  The  Circus.  Baa-Baa  Black  Sheep 
(Clarke). 

IFor  explanation  of  abbreviations  see  page  30. 
tOii  talking  machine  record. 

GRADE  III. 
A.     Gymnastic  Drills. 

[The  following  lessons  include  exercises  progressively  arranged,  each  having  a 
particular  purpose.  In  general  the  exercises  are  given  in  two  parts:  The  first 
includes  the  name  of  the  exercise,  and  describes  concisely  what  is  desired  for 
complete  execution.  The  second  part,  in  quotations,  suggests  the  commands  to  be 
used.  The  final  command,  the  signal  for  execution,  is  printed  in  heavy  type. 


52 

For  detailed  explanations  of  starting  positions  and  movements  see  Chapter  II, 
••Exercise  in  Detail."] 

Lesson  I— 1.  Standing  and  sitting.  2.  Marching  in  place  and  halt.  March- 
ing and  halt.  "In  place — march!  Class,  halt!"  Every  other  row  face  about. 
Every  two  rows  march  around  one  row  of  desks.  When  seat  is  reached,  march 
in  place  until  command  "halt"  is  given.  "Class  forward — march!  Class, 
halt!"  3.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising — rhythmic  at  once.  "Hands  on  hips — 
place!"  Heel  raising  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  "Ready — go!"  4.  Arm 
raising  sideways  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arm  raising  sideways  with 
backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Same  with  deep  breathing — one! 
Two!''  5.  Mimetic  exercise — picking  up  stones  and  placing  on  one  side,  left 
and  right.  "Down — one!  Up  and  throw  to  left  side — two!  Again — one! 
Two!  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready— go!  Stop!"  Same  on 
right  side.  6.  Running  leap  over  brook.  Two  parallel  lines  represent  a  brook. 
Class  in  circle  formation.  The  jump  is  like  a  large  step;  spring  from  one  foot 
and  land  on  the  other.  Emphasize  light  jumping. 

Lesson  II — 1.  Skipping.  First  row  starts  out  alone  and  goes  around  twice. 
At  beginning  of  second  round,  the  second  row  immediately  follows  first,  which 
returns  to  own  seats,  while  second  row  continues  on.  Same  with  other  rows. 
Try  for  uniform  rhythm.  2.  Quick  arm  flinging  sideways  with  backward 
moving  of  head.  "Arms  sideways — fling!  Po-sition!  Same  with  backward 
moving  of  head — one!  Two!  In  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin! 
Stop!''  3.  Mimetic  exercise — raising  the  flag.  Stride  st.  pulling  rope  down 
with  knee  bending.  "With  a  jump,  feet  sideways — place!"  Hands  grasp  rope 
high  up.  After  a  rapid  demonstration,  do  one  or  two  movements  on  command 
(One!  Two!)  Then:  "Ready — begin!  And,  stop!"  4.  Bend  st.  position. 
"Arms — bend!  Po-sition!  Again — one!  Two!"  (Hold  position  while  inspect- 
ing and  correcting.)  5.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on  toes  (10  times).  "Hands  on 
hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  10  times:  Ready — go!"  (Class  count  aloud;  very 
slight  knee  bending;  avoid  too  slow  rhythm.)  6.  Arm  raising  sideways  with 
chest  raising.  "With  deep  breathing,  arms  sideways — raise!  Sink!  Again — 
one!  Two!"  (or  "Arm  raising  sideways — one!  Two!") 

Lesson  III — *1.  Running.  One  row  at  a  time  around  the  room..  Try,  as 
soon  as  possible,  for  uniform  rhythm,  counting  "one,  two,"  to  mark  the  time. 
*2.  Hip  grasp  close  st.  heel  raising.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Heel 
raising — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  ten  counts:  Ready — go!"  3.  St.  turning  of 
hands  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Turning  of  hands  with  backward 
moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!"  4.  Climbing  ladder— rungs 
far  apart.  (Left  or  right  hand  high — opposite  knee  bent  upward  in  front.) 
"Changing  arms  and  feet — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  (10  counts):  Ready — 
begin!"  5.  Quick  changes  from  hip  grasp  to  bend  position  and  to  fundamental 
position.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Arms — bend!  Change!  Po-sition!  Arms 
— bend!"  etc.  6.  Running  jump  over  fence  (hurdling).  Circle  formation. 
Two  girls  holding  ruler.  Spring  from  one  foot  and  land  lightly  on  the  other. 
7.  Ann  raising  sideways-upward  with  chest  raising.  (Turn  palms  at  shoulder 
level.)  "Arm  raising  sideways-upward  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!  Repeat 


•May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  IV — 1.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  side- 
ways. "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Po-sition!  Same  with 
right — one!  Two!"  (Hold  positions — emphasize  equal  distribution  of  weight.) 
Try  in  rhythm.  2.  Cross  (c)  st.  turning  of  hands  with  chest  raising.  "Arms 
sideways— raise !  Turning  of  hands  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!"  (Com- 
mands are  slow.)  3.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands 
on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  forward — bend!  Raise!  Repeat — 
one!  Two!"  4.  Swaying  of  bushes — hip  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk 


53 

all  the  way  in  one  movement.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place! 
Swaying  from  one  side  to  the  other  in  slow  time:  Ready — begin!"  5.  Hij> 
grasp  st.  hopping  on  left  and  right  foot  10  times.  "Hands  on  hips — place! 
Left  foot — raise!  Hopping  on  right,  10  counts,  ready — begin!1'  Same  on  left 
foot.  (5.  Grasp  sitting,  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  Sitting 
erect  in  chairs,  hands  grasping  the  outer  edges  of  the  desk.  "Backward  mov- 
ing of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!'' 

Lesson  V  (Review) — Marching  in  place  and  halt,  marching  forward  and  halt 
(Lesson  1,  Ex.  2)."  2.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising,  rhythmic  at  once  (Lesson  1. 
Ex.  3).  3.  Arm  raising  sideways-upward  with  chest  raising  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  7). 
4.  Climbing  ladder  rungs  far  apart  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  4).  5.  (^uick  changes  from 
hip  grasp  to  bend  position  and  to  the  fundamental  position  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  5). 
0.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on  toes  (10-20  times)  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  G). 

Lesson  VI— *1.  Skipping  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  1).  *2.  Close  st.  arm  bending 
with  heel  raising.  "Feet — close!  Arm  bending  with  heel  raising  in  this  time 
(slow,  even  time,  but  quick  movements)  :  Ready — go!  Stop!"  3.  Arm  rais- 
ing sideways,  palms  up,  with  chest  raising.  "Arm  raising  sideways,  palms  up. 
with  chest  raising — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  stooping. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Stoop  down  and  touch  floor — one!  Return— two! 
Again — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin! 
And  stop!"  5.  Weather-vane — Cross  (c)  stride  st.  trunk  twisting.  "Arms 
sideways  fling  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  the  left — one! 
All  the  way  to  right — two!  Keep  it  up.  in  slow,  even  time,  from  one  side 
to  the  other:  Ready — begin!"  6.  Cross  (a)  st.  position.  "Arms  forward — 
bend!  Po-sition!  Repeat — one!  Two!"  (Not  more  than  three  repetitions.) 
(Hold  position  while  inspecting  and  correcting.)  7.  Running  jump  over  the 
brook  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  6). 

'May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  VII — 1.  Running  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  1).  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips 
with  alternate  foot  placing  outward  (c  and  r).  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot 
outward — place!  Po-sition!  Same  with  right  foot — one!  Two!"  (Hold  posi- 
tions, note  weight  distribution.)  Try  rhythm.  *3.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising 
and  knee  bending.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise!  Knees — bend! 
Stretch!  Heels — sink!  Again — one!  Two!  Three!  Four!"  (Try  in  rhythm — 
.sharp,  even  time.)  4.  Bend  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising. 
"Arms — bend!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two! 
Repeat,  1 — 2."  5.  Chopping  wood — stride  st.  position.  "With  a  jump,  feet 
sideways — place!''  (Hands  holding  hatchet  over  left  shoulder.)  "Chop 
down — one!  Raise  hands  to  other  shoulder — two!  (Emphasize  twisting.) 
Again — one!  Two!  Continue  in  rhythm.  Ready — begin!"  6.  Arm  bending 
and  stretching  sideways.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways — one!  Two! 
Keep  it  up  in  even  time.  Ready — begin!  And — stop!"  (Movements  quick, 
positions  held  a  moment.)  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on  toes  10  times.  "Hands 
on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  10  times:  Ready — go!"  (Very  slight  knee 
bending,  rhythm  not  too  slow.)  8.  Grasp  sitting-backward  moving  of  head 
with  chest  raising.  (See  Lesson  4,  Ex.  6).  "Backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising — one!  Two!" 

*May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  VIII — 1.  One  or  two  march  steps  forward.  "One  step  forward — 
match!  Two  steps  forward — march!"  2.  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel 
raising.  "Arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Repeat,  1 — 2. 
Xow  keep  it  up,  sharp  movements:  Ready — begin;  Stop!"  3.  Xeck  grasp 
st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  ''Hands  on  neck — place! 
Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!  Again,  1 — 2." 
4.  Scooping  sand — stride  st.  position.  "Small  step,  feet  sideways — place! 


54 

Stoop  down  to  scoop  up  sand—  one!  Up  and  throw  over  head  two!  Keep 
it  up  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin!"  5.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending 
of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk'  bending  to  left — 
one!  Two!  To  right — three!  Four!"  6.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways 
and  downward  (r).  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways  and  downward  in 
even  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  f7.  Jumping  from 
chair.  Facing  chairs — "Step  up— one!  Two!  (approach  «v*(ge) — Jump  down — 
one!  (raising  one  foot)— two  (jumping,  light  landing)  three!  (knee  stretch- 
ing) Four!"  (heel  sinking).  |8.  Running  jump  over  fence  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  6). 

tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  IX — *1.  Facing  right  or  left  on  two  counts,  stopping  on  the  first. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Left — face!  (Ready) — two!"  *2.  Hip  grasp  stride 
st.  knee  bending.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Quick  knee 
bending — one!  Two!  One!  Two!  Continue  in  this  time,  -  — :  Ready — 
begin!  And  stop!''  3.  Quick  arm  flinging  sideways,  palms  up,  with  back- 
ward moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time,  —  — :  Ready — 
begin!"  f4.  Bend  stride  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm 
stretching  downward.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  for- 
ward— bend!  Raise!  Arm  stretching  downward — one!  Two!  Same  on  four 
counts  (1 — 2 — 3 — 4 — ).  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — 
begin!  Stop!'5  f».  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee-upward-bending  on  com- 
mand. "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  knee  upward — bend!  Re-place!  Same 
with  right — one!  Two!  On  four  counts,  left  and  right:  1—2—3 — 4 — ."  6. 
Cross-cut  sawing  of  log.  Every  two  rows  face  each  other.  Opposite  children 
work  together.  In  rhythm,  bending  and  stretching  of  arms  with  a  little 
swaying  and  twisting.  First  with  left  foot  forward  and  then  right.  7.  Hip 
grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways.  Demonstrate  rhythmic 
movement.  Then:  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  with  feet  apart 
and  together,  ready- — go!  Class,  halt!"  8.  Turning  of  hands  with  backward 
moving  of  head.  "Turning  of  hands  with  backward  moving  of  head — one! 
Two!" 


*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  X  (Review) — 1.  Running  (Lesson  7.  Ex.  1).  2.  Arm  flinging  side- 
ways with  heel  raising  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  2).  3.  Neck  grasp  st.  backward  moving 
of  head  with  chest  raising  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  3).  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  stooping 
(Lesson  6.  Ex.  4).  5.  Hip  grasp  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  5). 
ti.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways  and  downward  (Lesson  8.  Ex.  G). 
7.  Hip  grasp  st.  hopping  on  left  (right)  foot -10  times  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  6). 

Lesson  XI — *1.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  for- 
ward. "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  forward— place!  Po-sition!  Same  with 
right — one!  Two!  (Hold  positions — note  weight  distribution.)  Repeat, 1 — 
2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  Stop!" 
*2.  Arm  bending  with  heel  raising.  "Arm  bending  with  heel  raising  in  this 
time  —  — :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Neck  grasp  st.  chest  raising 
with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Hands  on  neck-  place!  With  backward 
moving  of  head,  chest  expansion  one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!''  4.  Rend 
st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms — bend! 
Stoop  down  and  touch  floor — one!  Up — two!  Arm  stretching  downward — 
three!  Four!  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  (Ready — begin!  Stop!" 
.">.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  side- 
ways- place!  Trunk  bending  to  left— one!  Two!  To  right— three!  Four! 
Xow  continue,  starting  left  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!" 
(Even  rhythm — -slow  movements.)  6.  Cross  (a)  st.  arm  flinging  sideways. 
"Arms  forward  bend!  Arm  flinging  sideways — one!  Two!  Again— one! 
Two!"  (Hold  positions — sharp  movements.)  7.  Running  jump,  touching 


55 

branches  of  tree.    Circle  formation.    Ruler  held  high.     Try  to  touch  ruler  first 
with  right  hand,  then  with  left,  then  with  both. 

•May  be  alternated. 

Lesspn  XII — 1.  About  facings,  right  or  left,  on  two  counts,  stopping  on  the 
first.  "Right  (left)  about — face!  Ready — two!"  2.  Stride  st.  arm  flinging 
sideways  with  knee  bending.  "Feet  sideways — place!  Ann  flinging  sideways 
with  quick  knee  bending — one!  Two!  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate) : 
Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Cross  (c)  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising.  "Arms  forward — bend!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest 
expansion— one!  Two!''  *4.  Hip  grasp  close  st.  knee-upward  bending  left  and 
right,  stopping  at  change.  '"Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Knee-upward 
bending  with  the  left,  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!  Same 
with  the  right:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!''  *5.  Mimetic  exercises— driving 
stakes  with  sledge  hammer — stride  st.  position.  "Feet  sideways — place!" 
(Swing  hammer  back  of  shoulder,  overhead  and  down,  swing  to  other  shoulder. 
Demonstrate  movement  and  start  in  .rhythm ):  "Ready — begin!"  fG.  Jump 
from  seat^both  feet.  "Facing  chair — step  up — one!  Two!  (Approach  edge) 
Jump  down — one!  Two!  (knee  stretching)  Three!"  (heel  sinking).  f7.  Run- 
ning in  place  in  rhythm.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise!  Run  in 
place:  Ready — begin!"  (Demonstrate  rhythm  before  giving  attention.)  8. 
Turning  of  palms  with  deep  breathing.  "Turning  of  palms  with  deep  breath- 
ing—one! Two!'' 

*May  be  alternated.     tMay  be  alternated.  „ 

Lesson  XIII — *1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways.  "Anns 
bend  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Po-sition!  Same  to  the  right — one! 
Two!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Arm 
flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Arm  flinging  sideways 
with  knee  bending,  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!" 
(Trunk  erect.)  3.  Arm.  circumduction  with  deep  breathing.  "With  deep 
breathing — arms  forward  upward — raise!  (Look  up  at  hands.)  Sideways 
downward — sink!  Again — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  forward- 
downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place! 
Trunk  forward-downward — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!"  5.  Swaying 
of  trees — cross  (e)  stride  st.  (arms  somewhat  curved).  "Feet  sideways — 
place!  Arms  bent  overhead  (swaying  from  side  to  side).  (Demonstrate) 
starting  left:  Ready — begin!"  |6.  Hip  grasp  close  st.  alternate  leg  raising 
forward  on  command.-  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Left  leg  forward — - 
raise!  Foot — re -place!  Same  with  right — one!  Two!  Repeat  all  on  four 
counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  7.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways  and  downward 
(even  rhythm).  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways  and  downward  in  this 
time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  free  jump 
in  place  (demonstrate).  "Hands  on  hip — place!  Jump  in  place  (on  five 
counts) — one!  two!  three!  four!  five!" 

•May  be  alternated.     tMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  XIV — 1.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  side- 
ways and  heel  raising.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Heel 
raising — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts — one!  Two! 
Three!  Four!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready— begin!  And 
stop!"  2.  Cross  (d)  st.  arm  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest 
expansion.  "With  palms  up,  arms  sideways — fling!  Arm  raising  with  back- 
ward moving  of  head  and  chest  expansion — one!  Two!"  3.  Hip  grasp  st. 
forward-downward  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  down- 
ward. "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  forward-downward — 
bend!  Raise!  Arm  stretching  downward — one!  Two!  Repeat  on  four  counts, 
1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  -  — :  Ready — begin!  Stop!" 


4.  Stride  st.  picking  fruit  from  overhead  with  trunk  twisting  (basket  held  in 
other  hand).  "Feet  sideways— place!"  Holding  basket  in  left  arm,  turn  and 
pick  fruit  from  overhead  with  right  hand.  "In  this  time  —  — :  Ready- 

begin!  And  stop!''  Same  on  other  side.  *5.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising  and 
knee  bending  in  uneven  rhythm.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise! 
Knees — bend!  Stretch!  Heels — sink!  Keep  it  going  in  this  time  (1 — 2 — 
3 — 4):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  *6.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward 
and  downward  in  even  rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and 
downward  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  7.  Hip 
grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward.  (Demonstrate 
before  giving  attention.)  "Hands  on  hips— place!  Jumping  on  toes  with  foot 
placing  forward -backward,  left  foot  forward  first:  Ready — begin!  Class, 
halt!"  (On  toes  and  heels  together). 

•May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  XV  (Review) — 1.  Arm  bending  with  heel  raising  (Lesson  11,  Ex.  2|. 
2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward  (Lesson  11. 
Ex.  1).  3.  Arm  circumduction  with  deep  breathing  (Lesson  13.  Ex.  3).  4. 
Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward  (Lesson  11. 
Ex.  4).  5.  Swaying  of  trees,  cross  (e)  stride  st.  (arms  somewhat  curved i 
(Lesson  13,  Ex.  5).  6.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending  on  com- 
mand (Lesson  9,  Ex.  5).  7.  Running  jump,  touching  branches  of  tree  (Lesson 
11,  Ex.  7),  or  Running  in  place  in  rhythm  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  7). 

B.     Suggestive  Relief  Periods. 

1.  Group  I. 

a.  Morning — (1)   Arm  raising  sideways  upward  slowly,  then,  stretching  tall, 
eyes   looking  up   at    fingers.     Try   with   heel   raising.      (2)   Hip   grasp    stride 
standing — backward   moving   of   head   with   deep   breathing    (push   chin   well 
against   neck).      (3)    Hip  grasp   one-half   hook    standing   position    (Grade   II. 
Lesson  14,  Ex.  6). 

b.  Morning — (1)  Skipping  (Lesson  2.  Ex.  1).     (2)  Running  leap  over  brook 
(Lesson  1,  Ex.  6).     (3)   Grasp  sitting,  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest 
raising  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  6). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)   Clap  under  legs  (Grade  II,  Lesson  1.  Ex.  4).     (2)  Sway- 
ing of  bushes   (Lesson  4,  Ex.  4).      (3)    Jumping  Jack    (Grade  II,  Lesson   1*3. 
Ex.  6). 

2.  Group  II. 

a.  Morning — (1)     Xeck  grasp   standing    (feet   a  few   inches   apart),   spine 
stretching — stretching  up  tall.      (2)   Arm  circumduction  with  deep  breathing 
and   backward   moving   of   head    (Lesson    13,    Ex.    3).     (3)    Hip   grasp    stride 
standing — forward    bending    of    trunk    (Lesson    4,    Ex.    3).     (4)    Turning    of 
palms  with  backward  moving  of  head  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  3). 

b.  Morning — (1)   Running  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  1).     (2)  Arm  bending  and  stretch- 
ing sideways  and  downward  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  6).     (3)  Deep  breathing  with  one 
hand  on  chest  (Grade  II,  Lesson  8,  Ex.  7). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)   Chicken  wings   (Grade  II,  Lesson  9.  Ex.  3).     (2)   Loco- 
motive (Grade  II,  Lesson  7,  Ex.  4).     (3)  Rowing  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  4).     (4)  Run- 
ning in  place  in  rhythm   (Lesson  12,  Ex.  7). 

3.  Group  III. 

a.  Morning — (1)   Bend   standing — slow  arm   stretching  upward — and  bend- 
ing (eyes  Ipok  up  at   fingers).     (2)   Quick  arm  flinging  sideways,  palms  up. 
with   backward   moving   of   head    (Lesson   9,    Ex.   3).      (3)    Bicycle    (mimetic 
exercises,  Xo.  8). 

b.  Morning— (1)   Marching    (Lesson    1,    Ex.    2).      (2)    Running  jump   over 
fence   (Lesson  3,  Ex.  Hi.     (3)   Rooster   (mimetic  exercises,  Xo.  4). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)   Rockets     (mimetic    exercises,    Xo.    3).       (2)     Revolving 
light    (weather-vane)    (Lesson  6,  Ex.  »).      (3)    Pulling  anchor    (mimetic  excr- 


57 

vises  under  Grade  I,  Xo.  0),  or  Hip  grasp  standing — heel  raising  and  knee 
bending  (Lesson  14,  Ex.  5).  (4)  Hip  grasp  standing — jump  on  toes  with  foot 
placing  forward-backward  (Lesson  14,  Ex.  7). 

C.     Mimetic  Exercises. 

Those  which  are  ordinarily  executed  only  on  one  side  .should  be  executed 
also  on  the  other  side — -not  alternately,  but  from  four  to  eight  times  on  the 
right  side,  and  then  on  the  left  side.  Unless  otherwise  stated,  they  may  be 
done  to  2/4  or  4/4  time. 

1.  "Adoration    (arm    bending   with    heel    raising   instead    of   half -sideways 
bending  of  arms). 

2.  Looking  over   fence.     Bend   standing    (palms   turned   forward,  grasping 
fence,  heel  raising  with  spine  stretching). 

3.  Rockets — Quick  arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  (counts  1.  2i.    Slow 
arm  sinking  sideways  downward  (counts  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8). 

4.  Rooster — Bend   st.   elbow   raising  to   shoulder   height    with   heel   raising 
and  backward  moving  of  head. 

5.  'Throwing  the  lasso. 

ti.     "Pulling  anchor.     Rope  pulling.       (Grade   I — Mimetic   Exercises.) 

7.  "Rowing. 

8.  Bicycle — Alternate  knee  upward  bending  with  hands  held  in  front  as  if 
grasping  handle  bars. 

!>.     "Clap  under  legs.     (Grade  I — Mimetic  Exercises.) 
10.     Jumping  Jack.     (Grade  I — Mimetic  Exercises. ) 

•Descriptions  may  be  found  in  "Health,  Strength  and  Power" — D.  A.  Sargent. 

]).     "Games  and  Plays. 

Playground — Two  Deep.  Hide  and  Go  Seek.  Follow  Chase.  Bird  Catcher, 
.^toop  Tag.  Third  Slap.  Lame  Fox  and  Chickens.  Puss  in  the  Corner.  Squat 
Tag.  Wood  Tag.  Garden  Scamp.  Derby  Jig  ("150").  Hill  Dill.  Wind  and 
Flowers.  Animal  Blind  Man's  Buff.  Dodge  Ball.  Jump  the  Shot.  Bean  Bag 
Circle  Toss.  Feather  Fly.  Bounce  Ball  (Indianapolis).  Throw  Ball  (India- 
napolis). Tug-of-War.  Races  (individual  competition).  Simple  Relays  (group 
competition).  Walking  Fast.  Running.  Skipping.  Hopping  on  One  Foot. 
Galloping. 

Schoolroom — Going  to  Jerusalem.  Simon  Says.  Blind  Cat.  Letting  Out 
Dov^s.  Schoolroom  Tag.  Kaleidoscope.  Line  Ball.  Tag  the  Wall  Relay. 
Neighbor,  Neighbor  ("150"). 

Kinging  Games — Round  and  Round  the  Village  (on  record).  Farmer  in  the 
Dell.  Nuts  in  May.  Oats,  Peas,  Beans  (on  record). 

Constructive  Plays** — Clay  Modeling.  Weaving.  Raffia.  S.ewing.  Car- 
pentry. Building  Huts,  Forts,  Snowmen. 

Nurture  Plays — (See  Grade  I.) 

Other  Plays** — Skating.  Coasting.  Skiing.  Snowshoeing.  Swimming.  Row- 
ing. Sailing.  Tumbling.  Gymnastic  stunts.  Marbles  and  tops.  Jack-stones. 
Parcheesi.  Dominoes.  Collecting  seeds,  stones,  llowers,  and  leaves. 


*For  descriptions  see  Bancroft  and  other  references,  pages  33-4. 
**Reprinted  from  "The  Playground"  with  permission. 

E.    *Dances. 

Hopp  Morr  Annika  (Cp.  I).t  Nest  Making  (Cp.  2).  Lassie  Dance  (Cp.  I).t 
Washing  the  Clothes  (Cp.  I  &  Bl.  I).  Tailor's  Dance  (Bl.  I).  First  of  May 
(Bl.  l).t  Ace  of  Diamonds  ( Bl.  1  &  Cp.  I).t  Seven  Pretty  Girls  (Bl.  2).t 
Broom  Dance  ( Bl.  2).  Bean  Porridge  Hot  (Gl.).  Washerwoman  (Gl.)t  Swiss 
May  Dance  (Cp.  2  &  Hf.  3).  Russian  Snowstorm  (Chalif. ).  London  Bridge.t 
Bohemian  Strasak.  Little  Bo-Peep.  Minuet  (Clarke).  See  also  dances  for 
Grade  II. 


*For  explanations  of  abbreviations,  see  page  30. 
tOn  talking  machine  record. 

GRADE  IV. 

A.     Gymnastic  Drills. 

[The  following  lessons  include  exercises  progressively  arranged,  each  having  a 
particular  purpose.  In  general  the  exercises  are  given  in  two  parts:  The  first 
includes  the  name  of  the  exercise,  and  describes  concisely  what  is  desired  for 


58 

complete  execution.  The  second  part,  in  quotations,  suggests  the  commands  to  be 
used.  The  final  command .  the  signal  for  execution,  is  printed  in  heavy  type. 
For  detailed  explanations  of  starting  positions  and  movements  see  Chapter  II, 
'•Exercise  in  Detail."}  .  , 

Lesson  I — 1.  Standing  and  sitting.  2.  Marking  time  and  inarching.  "Mark 
time — march!  Class,  halt!"  Every  other  row  about  face.  Every  two  row*, 
march  around  one  row  (of  desks}-.  "Class  forward — march!  Class,  halt!" 
3.  Arm  raising  sideways  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arm  raising  side- 
ways with  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  stride  st. 
forward  bending  of  tnink.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk 
forward — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!"  5.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  bending, 
heels  off  (r).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Knee  bending  (heels  off) — one!  Two! 
Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready' — begin!"  And  stop!"  f>.  Arm 
bending  and  stretching  downward.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  do'wnward — 
one!  Two!  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!" 
7.  Running  jump  over  two  lines.  Circle  formation.  Spring  from  one  foot, 
land  on  both. 

Lesson  II — *1.  Running.  One  row  at  a  time  around  the  room.  In  uniform 
rhythm — counting  one,  two.  Later,  use  formation  as  described  in  Grade  HI. 
Lesson  2,  Ex.  1.  *2.  Facing  right  or  left  on  two  counts,  stopping  on  the  first. 
"Left — face!  (Ready) — two!"  3.  Bend  st.  backward  moving  of  head. 
"Arms — bend!  With  deep  breathing  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two! 
Again — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward  bending  left  and  right, 
stopping  at  change.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Knee  upward  bending  with  the 
left  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!  Saine  with  the 
right:  Ready — begin!.''  5.  Stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  with  opposite 
arm  raising  sideways-upward  (four  counts).  (Demonstrate  before  command- 
ing attention.)  "Feet  sideways — place!  Side  bending  first  time  to  left  with 
right  arm  overhead:  Ready- — begin!  And  stop!"  6.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping 
on  toes.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  : 
Ready — go!  Class,  halt!"  7.  Turning  of  palms  with  backward  moving  of 
head.  "Turning  of  palms  with  backward  moving  of  head— one!  Two!  Again — 
one!  Two!"  8.  Cross  (a)  st.  arm  flinging  sideways.  "Arms  forward  bend! 
Quick  arm  flinging  sideways — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!''  * 

•May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  III — *1.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  side- 
ways. "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Po-sition!  Same  with 
the  right — one!  Two!  Keep  it  going  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  To  the 
left — begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending,  heels 
off  (r).  "Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  off)  in  this  rhythm 
(demonstrate):  Ready- — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Turning  of  palms  with  back- 
ward moving  of  head  and  heel  raising.  "Turning  of  palms  with  backward 
moving  of  head  and  heel  raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  forward- 
downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place! 
Trunk  forward-downward — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!"  5.  Arm  land- 
ing and  stretching  sideways  and  downward.  "Anns — bend!  Sideways — 
stretch!  Bend!  Downward — stretch!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (1 — 2 — 3 — 4i: 
Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  6.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  sideways  bending  of 
trunk  (c  and  r).  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending 
to  left — <me!  Two!  To  right — three!  Four!''  (Repeat  on  command.)  Later 
try  in  rhythm — not  too  slow.  7.  Running  jump  over  ruler.  Circle  formation. 
Spring  from  one  foot,  land  lightly  on  both  with  moderate  knee  bending,  but 
do  not  try  to  hold  landing. 

*May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  IV — *1.  March  step  forward  and  backward,  starting  with  left  and 
right  foot.  "With  the  left — one  step  forward — march!  With  the  right — one 


59 

step  forward— march!  With  the  left — one  step  backward  march!"  *2.  Close 
st.  placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  heel  raising,  with  heels  apart.  "Feet— close! 
Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  heel  raising  (heels  separate  during  movement) : 
Heady — begin!  Stop!''  3.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  backward  moving  of  head 
with  chest  raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Backward 
moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!''  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  stooping, 
alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward;  "Hands  on  hip* — place!  Stoop 
down,  touching  floor — one!  Up — two!  Arm  stretching  downward — three! 
Four!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!" 
5.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  downward.  "Arms- — bend!  Up- 
ward—stretch! Bend!  Po-sition!  Continue  in  this  time  (one,  .two.  three, 
foufi:  Heady — begin!  Stop!"  (i.  Chopping  wood — stride  st.  position.  "Feet 
sideways — place!''  Holding  hatchet  over  left  shoulder,  strike  down  and  swing 
back  to  other  sHoulder  with  a  twisting  of  trunk:  "Heady — begin!"  (Demon- 
strate movement  first.)  -fl.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward  bending  left  and 
right  without  stopping  at  the  change.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Knee  upward 
bending  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  With  the  left — begin!  And  right! 
Left!  Right!  And  stop!''  8,  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing 
sideways.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  .lumping  on  toes  with  foot  placing  side- 
ways, in  this  time  -  — :  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!"  (on  toes  and 
with  heels  together). 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  -with  4. 

Lesson  V  (Review) — 1.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing 
sideways  (Lesson  3.  Ex.  1).  2.  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending, 
heels  off  (Lesson  3.  Ex.  2).  3.  Bend  st.  backward  moving  of  head  (Lesson  2. 
Ex.  3).  4.  "Walk  (b)"  st.  forward  bending  with  hand  clapping  behind  knee, 
alternating  with  hand  clapping  in  front  of  face  (see  mimetic  exercises  for 
Grade  II).  5.  Stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  with  opposite  arm  raising 
sideways  upward  (Lesson  2.  Ex.  5).  6.  Running  jump  over  ruler  ( F^esson  3. 
Ex.  7)! 

Lesson  VI — *1.  Placing  of  hands  911  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  for- 
ward. "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  forward — place!  (Weight  equally  dis- 
tributed.) Po-sition!  Same  with  the  right — one!  Two!  Continue  in  this 
time  -  — :  With  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Stride  st.  arm 

bending  with  knee  bending.  "Feet  sideways — place!  Quick  arm  bending  with 
knee  bending — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time 
— :  Ready — begin!  Stop!''  3.  Cross  (e)  st.  turning  of  palms  with 
heel  raising  and  deep  breathing.  "Arms  sideways — fling!  Turning  of  palms 
with  heel  raising  and  deep  breathing — one!  Two!"  Bend  st.  forward  bending 
of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms — bend!  For- 
ward bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  downward — three!  Four! 
Xow  keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!'' 
5.  Xeck  grasp  stride  st.  trunk  twisting  all  the  way  in  one  movement.  "Hands 
on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting  all  the  way  in  this  rhythm 

(demonstrate)  :  To  the  left — begin!  Stop!''  (Do  each  side  on  command  if 
necessary.)  f(j.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  sideways  (even 
rhythm).  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  sideways  in  this  rhythm 

(1 — 2 — 3 — 4):  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  |7.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising  and 
knee  bending  in  even  rhythm  (c  and  r).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — 
raise!  Knee — bend!  Stretch!  .Heels — sink!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time 

(demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  Stop!''  8.  Running  jump  over  two  lines. 
Circle  formation.  Spring  from  one  foot;  land  lightly  on  both  with  slight 
knee  bending,  but  do  not  try  to  hold  the  landing. 

•May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated.     • 

Lesson   VII  -1.  Arm    bending   with   heel   raising.     "Arm    bending  with    heel 


60 

raising  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  2.  Arm  eircumduetion 
with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arm  circiiimluction  with  backward  moving 
of  head— one!  Two!''  3.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching 
downward.  "Arms — bend!  Stooping— touching  floor  and  return — one!  Two! 
Arm  stretching  downward — three!  Four!  Keep  it  up  in  tin's  time  (demon- 
strate) :  Ready— begin;  Stop!"  4.  Xeck  grasp  stride  st.  sideways  bending 
of  trunk.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — 
one!  Two!  To  right — three!  Four!  Keep  it  going  (to  the  left) — begin! 
Stop!''  *5.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward,  sideways  and  downward 
(even  rhythm).  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward,  sideways  and  down- 
ward in  this  time  (1 — 2 — 3 — 4 — 5 — 6)  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And 
stop!"  *6.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b)  toe  st.  position.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot 
forward — place!  Heels — raise!  (Hold  position.)  Sink!  Again — one!  Two! 
Hands  on  hips,  and  feet — change!  (one,  two).  Heel  raising — one!  Two!''  f7. 
Sitting  on  desks — rowing  in  rhythm.  Sitting  on  desk,  feet  under  chair.  Reach 
well  forward  grasping  oars.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  in  this  time 
(demonstrate)  :  Ready — go!"  (Trunk  moves  backward  and  forward  at  the 
same  time.)  8.  Jumping  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  and  arm  flinging 
sideways-upward  (Jumping  Jack).  "Jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways 
and  arm  flinging  overhead:  Ready— begin!  Class,  halt!"  (on  toes,  with 
heels  together). 

*May  be  alternated.     tMay  be  alternated  with  3. 

Lesson  VIII — 1.  Side-steps,  left  and  right.  (Facing  windows  or  side  wall.) 
"One  side  step  to  left — march!"  (If  stepping  to  left,  right  knee  bends  a 
little,  and  vice  versa — lift  feet.)  2.  Cross  (a)  st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with 
knee  bending,  heels  off  (r).  "Arms  forward — bend!  Arm  flinging  sideways 
with  knee  bending  (heels  off)  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin! 
And  stop!"  3.  Xeck  grasp  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising. 
"Hands  on  neck — place!  Head  moving  backward,  with  chest  raising — one! 
Two!  Again- —  one!  Two!"  *4.  Bend  stride  st.  forward -down  ward  bending 
of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms  bend  and  feet 
sideways — place!  Trunk  forward -downward — bend!  Raise!  Arm  stretching 
downward — one!  Two!  Repeat  on  four  counts  (1 — 2 — 3 — 4).  Keep  it  going 
in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!"  *.VHip  grasp  close  one-half  hook  st.,  change  of 
feet  on  one  count.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Left  knee  upward — bend! 
Change  feet  with  a  jump:  Ready — change!  (Hold  positions  steady.) 
Again — one!  Two!''  6.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk  twisting.  (Try  in  rhythm.) 
"Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one!  Two! 
To  right— three!  Four!"  Repeat  (1 — 2 — 3 — 4).  Try  in  rhythm.  7.  Running 
jump  and  touch  ruler.  Circle  formation.  Ruler  held  high.  Try  to  touch  it 
with  right,  with  left,  then  with  both  hands.  Land  lightly  with  slight  knee 
bending,  but  do  not  try  to  hold  landing. 

*May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  IX — *1.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  side- 
ways and  heel  raising.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — 
place!  Heel  raising— one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four 
counts — one!  Two!  Three!  Four!  Continue  in  this  rhythm  -  -  -:  With 

the  left — begin!  Stop!''  *2.  Stride  st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bend- 
ing (r).  "Feet  sideways — place!  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending 
in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  3.  Bend  st.  slow  arm 
stretching  upward  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arms  bend!  Arm 
stretching  upward  (slowly)  with  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two! 
•H.  Xeck  grasp  stride  st.  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on 
neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  forward-downward  bend!  Raise! 
Again- -one!  Two!''  f5-  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending.  "Hand* 
on  hips- — place!  Alternate  knee  upward  bending  in  this  time  —  — :  Witli 


61 

the  left — begin!  Class,  halt!"  6.  Driving  stakes  with  sledge  hammer.  Stride 
st.  position.  "Feet  sideways — place!"  Swing  hammer  back  of  shoulder. 
overhead  and  down.  Swing  to  other  shoulder.  Demonstrate  movement  and 
start  in  rhythm.  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  hopping  on  each  foot  12  times.  (Change 
without  stopping.)  "Hands  on  hips— place!  Right  foot — raise!  Hop  on  each 
foot  12  times;  with  the  left — begin!"  8.  Turning  of  palms  with  backward 
moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing.  "Turning  of  palms  with  backward 
moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing — one!  Two!'' 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  X  (Review) — 1.  Close  st.  placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  heel  raising 
with  heels  apart  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  2).  2.  Arm  circumduction  with  backward 
moving  of  head  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  2).  3.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  witli  arm 
stretching  downward  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  3).  4.  Xeck  grasp  stride  st.  trunk  twist- 
ing all  the  way  in  one  movement  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  5).  5.  Hip  grasp  close  one- 
half  hook  st.  change  of  feet  on  one  count  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  5).  6.  Arm  bending 
and  stretching  upward,  sideways,  and  downward  (even  rhythm)  (Lesson  7, 
Ex.  5).  7.  Running  jump  and  touch  ruler  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  7). 

Lesson  XI — *1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising  (r). 
"Arms — bend!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising  in  this  time  — 
Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot 
placing  sideways  and  knee  bending.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — 
place!  Knee  bending — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts 
(1 — 2 — 3 — 4).  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  Stop!'' 

3.  Bend  close  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.     "Arms  bend 
and  feet — close!     Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!   Two!'' 

4.  Xeck   grasp   stride   st.   forward   bending   of   trunk,   alternating   with    arm 
stretching  sideways,  palms  up.     "Hands  on  neck  and  feet    sideways — place! 
Trunk  bending  forward — one!  Two!     Arm  stretching  sideways   (palms  upi  — 
three!   Four!     Keep  it  up  in  this  time   (demonstrate):     Ready — begin!     And 
stop!''    5.  Bend  walk  (a)   st.  trunk  twisting.     "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  out- 
ward— place!     Trunk  twisting  left — one!   Two!     Again — one!   Two!     Keep  it 
up   in   this  time  -  — :      Ready — begin!      Stop!      Arms   bend  and   feet — 
change!"     (Repeat  to  right  as  described  above.)     6.  Toe  st.  arm  raising  side- 
ways  with  knee   bending    (slowly).      "Heels — raise!      Arm    raising   sideways 
with  knee  bending  (slowly) — one!   Two!     Again — one!   Two!     Heels — sink!'' 
f7.   Hip  grasp   stride   st.   sideways   bending  of   trunk,   alternating  with   arm 
stretching   downward.      "Hands   on    hips   and    feet    sideways — place!      Trunk 
bending  to  left — one!  Two!     Arm  stretching  downward — three!  Four!     Repeat 
to  right    (1 — 2 — 3 — 4).     Keep   it  up   in   this   time    (demonstrate):      Ready — 
begin!     And  stop!"    8.  Running  jump  over  ruler.     (Lesson  3,  Ex.  7.) 

*May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  XII — *1.  About  facing  left  ajid  right,  two  counts  (stopping  on  first  i. 
"Left  about — face!  Two!"  (Later  try  without  stopping  on  first  count.) 
*2.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.,  alternate  knee  bending  (c  and  rK  "Hands  on  hips 
and  feet  sideways  (wide  step) — place!  Left  knee — bend!  Stretch!  Right 
knee  — bend!  Stretch!"  Repeat.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin! 
Stop!''  3.  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  sideways  (palms  up)  \vith  backward 
moving  of  head.  "Arms — bend!  Arm  stretching  sideways,  palms  up.  with 
backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!''  -4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with 
alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk. 
"Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  forward-downward — 
bend!  Raise!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts.  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep 
it  up  in  this  rhythm  -  — :  Ready— begin!  Stop!''  f^-  Bend  stride  st. 
trunk  twisting,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms  bend  and 
feet  sideways/— place !  Trunk  twisting:  Left — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching 
sideways — three!  Four!  Repeat  to  Right.  1 — 2 — 3 — t.  Continue  in  this  time 


62 

— :  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  f6-  Neck  grasp  sitting,  backward 
leaning  of  trunk.  (Sitting  on  desk,  feet  under  chair.)  "Hands  on  neck — 
place!  Backward  leaning — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!''  7.  Arm  bending 
and  stretching  upward  and  downward  in  uneven  rhythm.  "Arm  bending 
and  stretching  upward  and  downward  in  this  rhythm  (one,  two — three,  four) : 
Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Free  jump  in  place  with  arm  flinging  side- 
ways. "Jump  in  place  with  side  flinging  of  arms — one!  (heel  raising).  Two! 
(knee  bending).  Three!  (jump  and  land).  Four!  (knee  stretching).  Five! 
(heel  sinking)."  Repeat. 

•May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  XIII — *1.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  for- 
ward and  heel  raising.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Heel 
raising — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts.  1 — 2 — 3 — 4. 
Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!"  *2.  Arm  Hinging  forward  with 
knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Ann  flinging  forward  with  knee  bending  in  this 
time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  3.  Bend  walk  (b)  st.  backward 
moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  "Arm  bend  and  left  foot  forward- 
place!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!  Again — 
one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Arms  bend  and  feet — change!  Backward 
moving  of  head — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Alternate  knee  upward  bending  in  this  time  —  — : 
With  the  left — begin!  Stop!"  5.  Cross  (a)  walk  (a)  twist  st.  arm  flinging 
sideways.  "Arms  forward  bend  and  left  foot  outward — place!  Trunk  to 
left — twist!  Arm  flinging  sideways — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Trunk 
forward — twist!  Arms  forward  bend  and  feet — change!"  (Repeat  to  right 
as  described  above.  f6.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching 
upward.  "Arms — bend!  Stoop  down — one!  Return — two!  Arm  stretching 
upward — three!  Four!  Continue  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin!  And 
stop!"  7.  Hip  grasp  toe  st.  head  twisting.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — 
raise!  Head  twisting  left — one!  Two!  Right — three!  Four!''  Repeat.  8. 
Jump  from  seat  (spring  from  both  feet).  (Facing  seats.)  "Step  up — one! 
Two!  (Approach  edge  of  seat.)  Jump  down  (spring  from  both  feet)  —  one! 
Two!  Three!'' 


•May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated   with   4. 

Lesson  XIV— *1.  Half  facing  left  and  right.  Review  left  and  right  s^nd  about 
facings.  "Half  left — face!  Two!"  As  soon  as  class  can  do  this  well,  use  only 
one  command:  "In  this  time,  one,  two.  Half  left — face!  Half  right — face!'' 
*2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunge.  "Side  lunge  with  hands  on 
hips:  Left — one!  Two!  Right — three!  Four!  Continue  in  this  time  —  — : 
Ready — begin!  Stop!"  (Wide  step.  Push  off  strongly  with  supporting  foot.) 
3.  Walk  (b)  st.  arm  circu induction  with  deep  breathing.  "Left  foot  for- 
ward— place!  Arm  circumduction  with  deep  breathing — one!  Two!  Again — 
one!  Two!  Feet — change!"  (Repeat  above.)  4.  Bend  stride  st.  (wide  step) 
forward-downward  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  side- 
ways. "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways  (wide  step) — place!  For  ward -down- 
ward bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  sideways — three!  Four!'' 
Try  in  rhythm  as  soon  as  possible.  5.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  sideways 
bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Trunk  to 
left — bend!  Raise!  Again- — one!  Two!  Repeat.  Hands  on  hips  and  feet — 
change!  To  right — bend!  Raise!"  etc.  (5.  Ann  bending  and  stretching  upward, 
sideways,  and  downward  in  uneven  rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching 
upward,  sideways,  and  downward  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate:  1,  2 — 3,  4 — 
5,  6).  Ready— begin !"  f7.  Vault  over  seats.  (Facing  seats.)  "Ready — one! 
(one  hand  grasp  back  of  seat — other  placed  on  desk).  Two!  (jump  through, 
land  on  toes,  knees  bent).  Three!  Four!  About — face!''  (Repeat  three 
times.)  f8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward. 


63 

"Hands  on  hips — place!  Alternate  foot  placing  forward-backward  in  this 
time  (demonstrate):  Left  forward  first:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!  (on 
toes).  Heels — sink!" 


•May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  XV  (Review)- — 1.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  alternate  knee  bending  (Lesson 
12,  Ex.  2).  2.  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  upward  with  backward  moving 
.of  head  (Lesson  9,  Ex.  3).  3.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot 
placing  sideways  and  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  4). 
4.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk  twisting,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways 
(Lesson  12,  Ex.  5).  5.  Neck  grasp  sitting,  backward  leaning  of  trunk  (Lesson 
12,  Ex.  6).  6.  Hip  grasp  st.  hopping  on  each  foot  12  times  (change  without 
stopping)  (Lesson  9,  Ex.  7). 

B.  Suggestive  Relief  Periods. 

1.  Group  I. 

a.  Morning — (1)    Arm    raising   sideways    upward    slowly,    then    stretching 
tall,  eyes  looking  up  at  fingers.     Try  with  heel  raising.     (2)  Turning  of  palms 
with  backward  moving  of  head  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  8).     (3)  Hip  grasp  st.— stooping 
and  return  (Grade  III,  Lesson  6,  Ex.  4).     (4)  Grasp  sitting,  backward  moving 
of  head  with  chest  raising  (Grade  III,  Lesson  4,  Ex.  6). 

b.  Morning — (1)    Marching — See    Lesson    1.      Try    tip-toe    marching.      (2) 
Running  jump  up  to  touch  ruler   (Lesson  8,  Ex.  7).      (3)   Arm  raising  with 
backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  3). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)    Churning    (mimetic   exercises,   No.    6).      (2)    Revolving 
light    (mimetic  exercises,  Xo.   8).      (3)    Bicycle    (Grade  III,  mimetic  exercise, 
No.  8).     (4)  Hip  grasp  st.  jiimping  on  toes  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  5). 

2.  Group  II. 

a.  Morning — (1)  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  diagonally  upward,  and  back- 
ward moving  of  head.     (2)   Xeck  grasp  stride  st.  backward  moving  of  head 
with  chest  expansion.    Move  elbows  back  slightly  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  3).     (3)   Hip 
grasp  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending  (Lesson  9,  Ex.  5). 

b.  Morning — (1)    Running    (Lesson   2,   Ex.    1).      (2)    Slow    marching — em- 
phasizing erect   carriage — weight   well  on   advancing  foot.      (3)    Arm   raising 
sideways  upward  and  sinking  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breath- 
ing. 

c.  Afternoon — (1)   Driving  stakes   (mimetic  exercises,  No.  3).     (2)    Steam- 
boat  (mimetic  exercises.  No.  9).     (3)    Rowing   (mimetic  exercises).      (4)    Hip 
grasp  st.  heel  raising  and  knee  bending  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  7). 

3.  Group  III. 

a.  Morning — (1)    Arm   raising  forward,   sideways,   and   sinking   downward 
(Grade  II,  Lesson  7,  Ex.  3).     Try  in  rhythm.      (2)   Bend  close  st.  backward 
moving  of  head  with  deep  breathing   (Lesson  11,  Ex.  3).      (3)   Stride  st.  for- 
ward-downward   bending   of    trunk   with    sweep    of    arms    sideways    forward 
(Grade  II,  Lesson  13,  Ex.  4). 

b.  Morning — (1)   Marching  around  room  and  halting.  -  (2)    Running  jump 
over   rope    (Lesson    3,   Ex.    7).      (3)    Rooster    (Grade   III,   mimetic    exercises. 
Xo.  4). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  down- 
ward  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  3).     (2)   Stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  with  opposite 
arm  raising  sideways  (Lesson  2.  Ex.  5).     (3)  Raking  (mimetic  exercise.  Xo.  1). 
(4)    Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward   (Lesson 
14,  Ex.  8). 

C.  Mimetic  Exercises.     (See  Grade  III.) 

1.     Raking — Oblique    lunge    with   arm    stretching    forward,    as    if    grasping 
rake,  and  alternate  knee  bending,  pulling  in  arms. 


64 

•2.  Climbing — Alternate  knee  upward  bending  with  opposite  arm  stretching 
upward. 

3.  Driving  stakes — Left  and  right.     (Grade  1,  mimetic  exercises.) 

4.  'Scooping  leaves.     (Grade  1,  mimetic  exercises.) 

5.  'Grinding  corn. 

(i.  Churning — -Hands  grasp  churn  handle,  chest  height — stooping  with  vigor- 
ous arm  stretching  downward  (3/4  time). 

7.  Clap  under  legs.     (Grade  I.  mimetic  exercises.) 

8.  Revolving    light- -arm    flinging    sideways    with    alternate    foot-placing 
sideways  (counts  1,  2).    Trunk  twisting  to  left  (counts  3,  4).    Trunk  twisting 
all  the  way  over  to  right   (counts  5.  6) — position   (counts  7,  8). 

!).     'Steamboat.     (Grade  I,  mimetic  exercises.) 
10.     'Rowing.     (Grade  I,  mimetic  exercises.) 

•Descriptions  may  be  found  in  "Health,  Strength  and  Power" — D.  A.  Sargent. 
]).     Games  and  Plays.* 

Playground — Pom.  Pom,  Pull  Away.  Hill  Dill.  Day  or  Night.  Slap  Catch. 
Numbers  Change.  Run  Sheep,  Run.  Bull  in  the  Ring.  Cap  Tag.  Follow  the 
Leader.  Somersault  Tag  (Oregon).  Bear  in  the  Pit  (S.  P.  G.  M.).  Black  Man 
(Oregon).  Stealing  Sticks.  Jump  the  Shot.  Bombardment.  Target  Toss.  Bag 
Pile.  Guess  Ball.  Center  Catch  Ball.  Beetle  Goes  Round  (Whip  Tag).  Center 
Base.  Call  Ball.  Jacob  and  Rachael.  Circle  Stride  Ball.  Zigzag  I.  Arch  and 
Medicine  Balls.  Relays — Simple  (walking,  running,  skipping,  hopping  on  one 
foot),  shuttle,  leap  frog,  potato  race,  obstacle  race. 

Classroom — Automobile  Race.  Catch  the  Cane.  Guess  Ball.  Call  Ball. 
Hurley  Burley  Bean  Bag.  Farmer  and  the  Crow.  Bean  Bag  Zigzag.  Vaulting 
Seats.  All-up  Relay.  No.  14  Relay.  Fast  Mail  (Indianapolis). 

Constructive  Plays — (See  Grade  III.) 

Other  Plays — (See  Grade  III.) 


*For  descriptions  see  Bancroft  and  other  references,  pages  33-4. 

E.    Dances.f 

Oxdansen  (Bl.  1  &  Cp.  !).§  English  Harvesters'  Dance  (Cp.  I).  Baby 
Polka  (Cp.  I  &  Gl.).§  Bleking  (Cp.  I  &  Bl.  2).§  Ribbon  Dance  (Bl.  2).§  May 
Pole  Dance  ( Bl.  !).§  Swiss  May  Dance  (Cp.  2).  Sun  Dance.  Captain  Jinks. 
Coming  Thro'  the  Rye.  Vineyard  Dance  (Clarke).  Bavarian  Folk  Dance 
(Chalif).  Sweet  Kate  (Shp.).S  Mage  on  a  Cree  (Shp.).§  Black  Nag  (Shp.). 

See  also  dances  for  Grade  III. 


tFor  explanations  of  abbreviations  see  page  30. 
§On  talking  machine  record. 

GRADE  V. 

A.     Gymnastic  drills. 

[The  following  lessons  include  exercises*  progressively  arranged,  each  having  a 
particular  purpose.  In  general  the  exercises  are  given  in  two  parts:  The  first 
includes  the  name  of  the  exercise,  and  describes  concisely  what  is  desired  for 
complete  execution.  The  second  part,  in  quotations,  suggests  the  commands  to  be 
used.  The  final  command,  the  signal  for  execution,  is  printed  in  heavy  type. 
For  detailed  explanations  of  starting  positions  and  movements  see  Chapter  II, 
"Exercise  in  Detail."] 

Lesson  I — (Standing  and  sitting.)  *1.  Marking  time  and  marching.  "Mark 
time — march!  Class,  halt!  (Every  other  row  about  face.  Every  two  rows 
march  around  one  row  of  desks.)  Class  forward — march!  Class,  halt!'' 
*•!.  Arm  bending  with  heel  raising.  "Arm  bending  with  heel  raising — one! 
Two!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin!  .Stop!''  3.  Turn- 

ing of  palms  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising.  "Turning  of 
palms  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising — one!  Two!''  4.  Hip 
grasp  stride  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  side- 
ways- place!  Trunk  forward  -bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!"  f5.  Hip 
grasp  st.  heel  raising  and  knee  bending  (c  and  ri.  "Hands  on  hips — place! 
Heels  raise!  Knees — bend!  Knees — stretch!  Heels — sink!  Again — one! 


65 

Two!  Three!  Four!  Continue  in  even  rhythm:  Ready — begin!"  6.  Hip  grasp 
stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place! 
Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  To  right — three!  Four!  Repeat, 
1 — 2 — 3 — 4."  7.  Ann  bending  and  stretching  sideways  and  downward  in  even 
rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways  and  downward  in  this  time 
(demonstrate) :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on 
toes.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  this  tune  (one  two,  one  two) : 
Ready — go!  (Slight  knee  bending.  Avoid  too  slow  rhythm.)  Class,  halt!" 
(On  toes.) 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  7. 

Lesson  II — *1.  Running,  also  practice  facings  left  and  right  on  two  counts. 
One  row  at  a  time  around  the  room.  In  uniform  rhythm,  counting  one,  two. 
Later  use  formation  as  described  in  Grade  III,  Lesson  2,  Ex.  1.  *2.  Stride 
st.  arm  bending  with  knee  bending.  "Feet  sideways — place!  Arm  bending 
with  knee  bending  three-fourths — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demon- 
strate) :  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  3.  Arm  raising  sideways  with  heel  raising 
and  deep  breathing.  "Arm  raising  sideways  with  heel  raising  and  deep  breath- 
ing— one!  Two!"  f4.  Stride  st.  chopping  wood  (rhythmic).  "With  a  jump, 
feet  sideways — place!  (Hands  holding  hatchet  over  left  shoulder.)  Chopping 
in  this  time  (demonstrate — emphasize  twisting):  Ready — begin!  Stop!" 
f5.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward  bending  left  and  right,  stopping  at  the  change. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  knee  upward  bending  in  this  time  (demon- 
strate): Ready — begin!  Stop!  Same  with  the  right.  Ready — begin!  Stop!" 
G.  Bend  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — 
place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  To  right— three!  Four!  Repeat 
1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!" 

7.  Hip  grasp  st.  hopping  twice  on  each  foot  and  change  of  feet.  (Demonstrate 
first.)  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Raise  right  leg  a  little.  Hop  twice  on  each 
foot:  With  the  left — begin!  Class,  halt!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  backward  mov- 
ing of  head  with  deep  breathing.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Backward  moving 
of  head  with  deep  breathing — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!" 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  III — Practice  left  and  right  about  facings.  *1.  Placing  of  hands  on 
hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  heel  raising.  "Hands  on  hips 
and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Heels — raise!  Sink  Po-sition!  Same  to  right 
on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate) :  Ready — 
begin  1  And  stop!"  *2.  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  off). 
"Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  off)  in  this  rhythm 
(demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!"  3.  Bend  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising.  "Arms — bend!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — 
one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  forward-downward 
bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  forward- 
downward — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!"  5.  Bend  walk  (a)  st.  trunk 
twisting,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways  (c  and  r).  "Arms  bend 
and  left  foot  outward — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  Ann 
stretching  sideways — three!  Four!  Again,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this 
time  (demonstrate):  Ready— begin!  Stop!  Arms  bend  and  feet— change !" 
(Repeat  above  to  right.)  f6.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee-upward  bending  left  and 
right  without  stopping  at  the  change.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  knee 
upward  bending  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  And  right! 
Left!  etc.  And  stop!"  7.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  downward 
in  even  rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  downward  in  this 
time  (one,  two,  three,  four):  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump 
on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways.  (Demonstrate  first.)  "Hands  on  hips — 

*May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with  4. 


66 

place!     Jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways:     Ready — begin!      Class, 
halt!"     (On  toes  with  heels  together.) 

Lesson  IV — *1.  Running.  Circle  formation.  "Class  forward — march!  On 
toes — march!  Quick  time — march!  Common  time — march!  (1,  2,  3,  4)." 
*2.  March  steps  forward  or  backward  with  facings.  "One  step  forward  and 
left  face — march!  Right  face  and  one  step  backward — march!"  3.  Forward 
bending  of  arms  with  heel  raising.  "Forward  bending  of  arms  with  heel 
raising — one!  Two!  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  4. 
Cross  (c)  st.  turning  of  hands  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest 
raising.  "Arms  sideways — fling!  Turning  of  hands  with  backward  moving 
of  head  and  chest  raising — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!"  5.  Bend  st. 
stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms — bend!  Stoop 
and  touch  the  floor — one!  Up — two!  Arm  stretching  downward — three! 
Four!  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!"  6.  Neck  grasp 
stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk.  (Try  in  rhythm.)  "Hands  on  neck  and 
feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  To  right — three! 
Four!  Again,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Try  later  in  rhythm.  7.  Arm  bending  and  stretch- 
ing upward  and  sideways  in  uneven  rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching 
upward  and  sideways  in  this  time  --  —  —  — :  Ready — begin!  Stop!'' 
8.  Free  jump  in  place  with  arm  flinging  sideways.  Demonstrate  the  whole 
exercise  (five  counts) :  "Ready — one!  Two!  Three!  Four!  Five!" 

•May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  V  (Review) — 1.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing 
sideways  and  heel  raising  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  1).  2.  Stride  st.  arm  bending  with 
knee  bending  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  2).  3.  Bend  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  3).  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward  bending,  left 
and  right,  without  stopping  at  change  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  6).  5.  Bend  walk  (a) 
st.  trunk  twisting,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  5). 
6.  Hip  grasp  st.  hopping  twice  on  each  foot  and  change  of  feet  (Lesson  2. 
Ex.  7). 

Lesson  VI — *1.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  for- 
ward. "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Po-sition!  Same  with 
the  right — one!  Two!  Keep  it  going  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — 
begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Arm  flinging  forward  with  knee  bending  (heels  off). 
"Arm  flinging  forward  Avith  knee  bending  (heels  off)  in  this  time  (demon- 
strate):  Ready — begin!"  Stop!"  3.  Neck  grasp  st.  chest  raising  with  back- 
ward moving  of  head.  "Hands  on  neck — place!  AVith  deep  breathing,  back- 
ward moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  stride 
st.  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  flinging  side- 
ways. "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Forward-downward  bending 
of  trunk — one!  Two!  Arm  flinging  sideways — three!  Four!  Repeat,  1 — 2 — 
3 — 4.  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  Ready- — begin!"  5.  Arm  bending  with 
alternate  foot  placing  sideways  and  trunk  twisting.  Arms  bend  and  left  foot 
sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to 
right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate) : 
Ready — begin!  Stop!"  f6.  Vault  over  seats.  (Facing  seats.)  "Ready- — one! 
(One  hand  grasp  back  of  seat,  other  placed  on  desk.)  Jump  through — two! 
(Land  on  toes,  knees  bent) — three!  Four!  About — face!"  (Repeat  three 
times.)  7.  Half  hip,  half  neck  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  (c). 
"Feet  sideways — place!  Left  hand  on  hip,  right  hand  on  neck — place!  Trunk 
to  left — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!  Arms — change!  Trunk  to  right — 
bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!"  8.  Running  jump  over  two  lines.  Circle 
formation.  Spring  from  one  foot,  land  on  both. 

•May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  8. 

Lesson  VII — *1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising. 
"Arms — bend!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Keep 


67 

it  going  in  snappy  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  Stop!1'  *2.  Hip  grasp  stride  st. 
alternate  knee  bending  (c  and  r).  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways  (wide 
step) — place!  Left  knee — bend!  Stretch!  Same  with  the  right — one!  Two! 
(Repeat  left  and  right.  Continue  in  rhythm  —  — :  Ready — begin!  Stop!" 
3.  Arm  raising  sideways,  palms  up,  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arm 
raising  sideways  with  palms  up  and  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two! 
Again — one!  Two!"  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing 
sideways,  and  forward -downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left 
foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  forward-downward — bend!  Raise!  Po-sition! 
Same  to  right  in  four  counts,  1—2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  (demon- 
strate) :  To  the  left — begin!  Stop!"  5.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  trunk  twisting 
all  the  way  on  one  count  (c  and  r).  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — 
place!  Trunk  to  left — twist!  All  the  way  to  right — one!  And  to  left- 
two!  Again — one!  Two!  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  And— 
stop!"  f6.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee-upward  bending.  "Hands  on  hips — 
place!  Alternate  knee-upward  bending  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  With 
the  left — begin!  Class — halt!"  7.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward, 
sideways,  and  downward  in  uneven  rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching 
upward,  sideways,  and  downward  in  this  time  (1,  2 — 3,  4 — 5,  6) :  Ready — 
begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Jumping  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward -backward. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Jumping  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward 
in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — go!  Class,  halt!  (on  toes).  Heels — 
sink ! " 


*May  be  alternated.      fMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  VIII — *1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward  and 
heel  raising.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Heel  raising — one! 
Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in 
this  time  —  — :  With  the  left — begin!"  *2.  Cross  (a)  stride  st.  arm  flinging 
sideways  with  knee  bending.  "Arms  forward  bend  and  feet  sideways — place! 
Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending — one!  Two!  Keep  it  going  in 
slow  rhythm.  Ready — begin!  Stop!  3.  Neck  grasp  close  st.  chest  raising 
with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet — close!  With 
deep  breathing,  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!" 
4.  Bend  stride  st.  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm 
stretching  sideways.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Forward- 
downward  bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  sideways 

— three!     Four!     Continue  in  this  time — :     Ready — begin!     And 

stop!  5.  Neck  grasp  sitting,  trunk  twisting.  (Sitting  on  desks,  feet 
under  chair.)  "Hands  on  neck — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one! 
Two!  To  right — three!  Four!"  (Repeat.)  6.  Hip  grasp  close  one-half  hook 
st.  change  of  feet  on  one  count.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet— close!  Left  knee 
upward — bend!  With  a  quick  jump,  feet — change!  Again — one!  Two!" 
t7.  Hip  grasp  one-half  st.  cut  step  sideways.  Demonstrate,  then:  "Hands 
on  hips — place!  Left  leg  sideways — raise!  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!" 
(On  toes,  with  heels  together.)  tS.  Running  jump  over  rope.  (Lesson  5, 
Ex.  8.) 


*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  IX — 1.  Half  facing  left  or  right.  Review  left  and  right  and  about 
facings.  "Half  left — face!  Two!"  As  soon  as  possible  have  the  class' 
execute  the  facings  on  two  counts  without  stopping  on  the  first.  2.  Placing 
of  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunges  (wide  step).  "Side  lunge  with  (placing  of) 
hands  on  hips:  To  left — one!  Two!  To  right — three!  Four!"  (Repeat  on 
command  if  necessary.)  "Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — 
begin!  Stop!"  3.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  deep  breathing.  "Hands  on  neck 
and  left  foot,  forward — place!  Deep  breathing — one!  Two!  Again — one! 
Two!"  4.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  upward. 


68 

Arms — bend!  Stooping  and  return,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  upward 
in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  5.  Placing  of  hands 
on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  trunk  twisting.  "Hands 
on  neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one!  Two! 
Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this 
time  -  — :  To  left — begin!  Stop!"  *6.  Hip  grasp  toe  st.  alternate  knee- 
upward  bending.  (Demonstrate  before  commanding  attention.)  "Hands  on 
hips — place!  Heels — raise!  Alternate  knee-upward  bending:  With  the 
left— begin!  (Rhythm  not  too  slow.)  Class,  halt!"  (on  toes).  f7.  Bend 
st.  side  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms — 
bend!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  sideways — three! 
Four!  Repeat  to  right,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — 
begin!  And  stop!"  8.  St.  jump  forward.  Demonstrate  before  calling  class 
to  attention.  (Heel  raising  on  one!  Knee  bending  on  two!  Arms  may 
swing  backward  a  little.  Jumping  forward  on  three!  Swing  arms  forward 
and  back  to  side.  Stretching  the  knees  on  four!  Heel  sinking  on  five!) 
Then:  Ready — one!  Two!"  etc.  Give  about  facing  and  repeat  three  times, 
going  back  to  place. 

*May  be  alternated  with  4.     fMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  X  (Review) — 1.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing 
forward  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  1).  2.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel 
raising  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  1).  3.  Arm  raising  sideways,  palms  up,  with  backward 
moving  of  head  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  3).  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate 
foot  placing  sideways,  and  forward  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  4). 
5.  Xeck  grasp  sitting,  trunk  twisting  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  5).  6.  Arm  bending  and 
stretching  upward,  sideways,  and  downward  in  uneven  rhythm  (Lesson  7, 
Ex.  7).  7.  Vault  over  seats  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  6). 

Lesson  XI — *1.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  out- 
ward, and  heel  raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  outward — place!  Heel 
raising — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4. 
Keep  it  up  in  this  rhythm:  To  the  left— begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Hip  grasp 
stride  st.  alternate  knee  bending  all  the  way  (c  and  r).  "Hands  on  hips  and 
feet  sideways — place!  Left  knee — bend!  All  the  way  to  right — one!  Left — 
two!  Again — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  —  — :  To  the  right — 
begin!"  3.  Arm  circumduction  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest 
raising.  "Arm  circumduction  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest 
raising — one!  Two!  Again— one!  Two!"  4.  Bend  stride  st.  forward-down- 
ward bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms 
bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Forward-downward  bending  of  trunk — one! 
Two!  Arm  stretching  downward — three!  Four!  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm: 
Ready— begin!  Stop!"  f5.  Bend  walk  (a)  twist  st.  arm  stretching  upward. 
Arms  bend  and  left  foot  outward — place!  Trunk  to  left — twist!  Arm 
stretching  upward — one!  Two!  Repeat,  1 — 2.  Trunk  forward — twist!  Arms 
bend  and  feet — change!"  (Repeat  above  on  other  side.)  |6.  Placing  of  hands 
on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  trunk  bending  sideways. 
"Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left— one! 
Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this 
.time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  7.  Cross  (a)  walk  (b)  st.  arm 
flinging  sideways.  "Arms  forward  bend  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Heels — 
raise!  Arm  flinging  sideways — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Heels — sink! 
Arms  bend  and  feet — change!  Heels — raise!"  etc.  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  from 
seat  with  both  feet.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Place  left  foot  on  seat — one! 
Step  up — two!  (Approach  edge  of  seat.)  Jump  down — one!  Two!  Three! 
About — face!"  (Repeat  three  times.) 


•May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated. 


69 

Lesson  XII — *1.  Cross  (a)  st.  arm  Hinging  sideways  with  heel  raising. 
"Arms  forward — bend!  Ann  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising — one!  Two! 
Xow  keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  *2.  Arm  bending  with 
side  lunge.  "Arm  bending  with  side  lunge:  To  left — one!  Two!  To  right — 
three!  Four!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  To  left — begin!'' 

3.  Bend  st.  slow  arm   stretching  with  backward  moving  of  head.     "Arms — 
bend!     Arm  stretching  upward  with  backward  moving  of  head — one!   Two! 
Again — one!    Two!"     4.  Neck  grasp   close  st.   forward-downward  bending  of 
trunk.    "Hands  on  neck  and  feet — change!     Trunk  forward-downward — bend! 
Raise!     Again — one!   Two!"     5.  Bend  stride  st.  tnmk  twisting  all  the  way, 
alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways.     "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — 
place!     Trunk  to  left — twist!     All  the  way  to  the  right — one!     Arm  stretch- 
ing sideways — two!  Three!     Continue  as  a  three  count  movement  in  this  time 
(demonstrate):     To  the  left — begin!     Stop!     Forward — twist!"    6.  Hip  grasp 
st.  balance  follow  step  (c  and  r).    "Hands  on  hips — place!     Stepping  forward 
with  the  left  foot — one!    (body  erect,  weight  on  forward  foot).     Bring  the 
right    foot    up    sharply — two!      Step    forward    with    the    right — one!    Two!" 
(Try  in  slow,  clean-cut  rhythm.)     t7.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  side  bending  of 
trunk.    "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  forward — place!     Trunk  to  left — bend! 
Raise!      Again — one!    Two!      Hands    on    hips    and    feet — change!"      (Repeat 
trunk  bending  on  other  side.)     8.  Jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways 
and  arm  flinging  sideways.     "Jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  and 
arm  flinging  sideways  in  this  time  (demonstrate):     Ready — go!     Class,  halt! 
(on  toes).    Heels — sink!'' 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  XIII — *1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising.  "Anns — 
bend!  Arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising  in  this  time  (demonstrate): 
Ready — begin!  Stop!"  *2.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  (wide  step)  alternate  knee 
bending  all  the  way.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Left  knee — 
bend!  All  the  way  to  right — one!  To  left — two!  Again — one!  Two!  Keep 
it  up  in  this  time  —  — :  To  the  right — begin!"  3.  Arm  flinging  forward, 
sideways  (palms  up),  and  downward  with  backward  moving  of  head  (three 
counts).  "Arm  flinging  forward — one!  Sideways  (palms  up)  with  backward 
moving  of  head — two!  And  down — three!  Again — one!  Two!  Three!'' 

4.  Hip  grasp  toe  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending.     "Hands  on  hips — place! 
Heels — raise!       Alternate    knee    upward    bending:       With    the    left — begin! 
Class,  halt!"     (On  toes.     See  Lesson  8.)     5.  One-half  hip,  one-half  neck  grasp 
stride  st.   side   bending  of  trunk,   alternating  with   change   of   arms   on   two 
counts.     "Left  hand  on  hip,  right  hand   on   neck,  and  feet   sideways — place! 
Tnmk  bending  to  left — one!   Two!     Change  of  arms  on  two  counts — three! 
(arms  come  to  bend  position).     Four!     Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — • 
3 — 4.     Continue  in  this  time  —  — :     To  the  left — begin!"     G.  Hip  grasp 
st.  heel  raising  and  knee  bending  in  uneven  rhythm.     "Hands  on  hips — place! 
Heel   raising  and  knee   bending  in   this   time    (1,   2 — 3,   4):      Ready — begin! 
Stop!"     f7.   Arm   bending  with   alternate   foot   placing   outward   and   trunk 
twisting.     "Arms   bend   and   left   foot   outward — place!      Trunk    twisting   to 
left — one!  Two!  Po-sition!     Same  to  right  on  four  counts.  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.     Keep 
it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :     To  the  left — begin!     And  stop!''    8.  Stand- 
ing, jump  and  touch  ruler.     Circle  formation.     Ruler  held   high.     Jump  up 
from  standing  position. 


*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  XIV — 1.  Arm  flinging  sideways-upward  with  knee  bending  (heels 
off).  (At  first  let  hands  strike  overhead.)  "Arm  flinging  sideways-upward 
with  knee  bending  (heels  off)  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin! 
And  stop!"  2.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  chest  raising  with  backward  moving 
of  head.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  forward — place!  With  deep  breath- 


70 

ing,  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!"  3.  Bend 
stride  st.  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretch- 
ing upward.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  forward- 
downward — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  upward — three!  Four!  Continue  in 
rhythm:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  *4.  Neck  grasp  sitting,  trunk  twisting 
all  the  way  (c  and  r).  (Sitting  on  desks.)  "Hands  on  neck — place!  Trunk 
to  left — twist!  All  the  way  to  right — one!  To  the  left — two!  Again — one! 
Two!  Keep  it  up  in  this  'time  -  — :  To  the  left — begin!"  5.  Hip 

grasp  st.  follow  step  with  toe  touching  floor.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Touch 
left  toe  forward — one!  Step  forward  on  left — two!  Bring  right  to  left — 
three!  Same  with  right,  1 — 2 — 3.  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate): 
With  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  6.  Cross  (a)  stride  st.  side  bending  of 
trunk,  alternating  with  arm  flinging  sideways.  "Arms  forward  bend  and 
feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Arm  flinging  side- 
ways— three!  Four!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in 
this  time  (demonstrate):  To  the  left — begin!"  7.  H«p  grasp  st.  jump  on 
toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  and  crossing  of  feet.  *'Hands  on  hips — place! 
Jump  with  feet  apart — one!  Jump  with  left  foot  crossed  in  front  of  right — 
two!  Feet  apart — three!  Right  foot  crossed  in  front  of  left — four!  Keep 
it  going  in  rhythm,  feet  apart  first:  Ready — go!  Class,  halt!"  (On  toes, 
with  heels  together.) 

•May  be  alternated  with  6. 

Lesson  XV  (Review) — 1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising 
(Lesson  13,  Ex.  1).  2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunge  (Lesson  9, 
Ex.  2).  3.  Arm  flinging  forward,  sideways  (palms  up),  and  downward  with 
backward  moving  of  head  (Lesson  13,  Ex.  3).  4.  Hip  grasp,  toe  st.  alternate 
knee  upward  bending  (Lesson  9,  Ex.  6).  5.  One-half  hip,  one-half  neck  grasp 
stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  change  of  arms  (Lesson  13, 
Ex.  5).  6.  Bend  walk  (a)  twist  st.  arm  stretching  upward  (Lesson  11,  Ex. 
5).  7.  Jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  and  arm  flinging  sideways 
(Lesson  12,  Ex.  8). 

B.    Suggestive  Relief  Periods. 

1.  Group  I. 

a.  Morning — (1)  Stride  st.  arm  circumduction  (raising  forward-upward  and 
sinking  sideways  downward).     Hold  the  stretch  position.        (2)    Turning  of 
palms  with  chest  raising  and  backward  moving  of  head   (Lesson   1,  Ex.   3). 
(3)  Hip  grasp  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk. 

b.  Morning — (1)    Running   (Lesson  4  and  Lesson  2,  Ex.   1).      (2)    Rooster 
walk,  hip  grasp  st.  slow  balance  step  with  knee  upward  bending  and  stretch- 
ing forward.     (3)  Ann  raising  sideways  with  heel  raising  and  deep  breathing. 

c.  Afternoon — (1)  Treading  water  (mimetic  exercises,  No.  6).     (2)  Batting 
(mimetic  exercises,  No.   10).     (3)   Hip  grasp  st..  jumping  on- toes    (Lesson   1, 
Ex.  8).     Try  first  with  slight  knee  bending,  then  with  knees  stiff  (rhythm  is 
quicker). 

2.  Group  II. 

a.  Morning — Arm   flinging   forward,  sideways    (palms  up),  and   downward 
(Lesson  13,  Ex.  3).     (2)  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  upward  witli  backward 
moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing   (Lesson   12,  Ex.  3).     (3)    Hip  grasp  st. 
stooping,  alternating  with  change  of  hands  to  neck  grasp  and  return. 

b.  Morning— (1)    Marching,   etc.    (Lesson    1,   Ex.    1).     (2)    Standing   start 
(mimetic  exercises,  No.  8).     (3)  Grasp  sitting,  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  expansion    (Grade  HI,  Lesson  4,  Ex.   0). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)  Pitchers'  throw  (mimetic  exercise,  No.  9).     (2)   Paddling 
(mimetic  exercise,  No.  3).     (3)  Jigger  (mimetic  exercise,  No.  7). 


71 

3.     Group  III. 

a.  Morning — (1)  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward,  sideways,  and  down- 
ward in  uneven  rhythm    (Lesson  7,  Ex.  7).     (2)   Walk    (b)    st.  arm  raising 
sideways    (palms   up)    with  backward   moving   of   head   and   deep   breathing. 
(3)  Neck  grasp  close  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  4). 

b.  Morning — (1)    Boy  Scout  trot    (walking  eight  steps  and  running  eight 
steps).     (2)  Review  Rooster  walk  (see  Group  I).     (3)  Arm  circumduction  with 
deep  breathing  (Lesson  11,  Ex.  3). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)    Chicken  wings    (mimetic  exercise,  No.   1).     (2)    Furling 
sail   (mimetic  exercise,  No.   4).     (3)    Hip  grasp   st.   jump   on   toes   with   foot 
placing  sideways  and  crossing  of  feet   (Lesson  14,  Ex.  7). 

C.  Mimetic  Exercises. 

1.  *Chicken  Wings.      (See  also  Grade  I,  mimetic  exercises.) 

2.  'Swimming — 3/4  time. 

3.  *Paddling.     (Make  it  an  8  count  movement,  kneeling  on   1   and  2  and 
coming  to  position  on  7  and  8.) 

4.  *Furling  sail — 3/4  time. 

5.  *Mercury. 

6.  Treading  water — Alternate  knee  upward  bending  with  downward  push- 
ing motion  of  opposite  hand. 

7.  Jigger — Spring  jump   with   alternate   foot   placing   forward   and   simul- 
taneous opposite  arm  flinging. 

8.  Standing  start — "On   your  mark!"      (Mark  out   definite   starting   line. 
Place  left  foot  forward,  toe  just  back  of  starting  line.)     "Get  set!"     (Incline 
the  body  fonvard  as  far  as  possible  onto  the  left  foot,  left  knee  bent,  toes  of 
right  foot  pressing  on  floor,  left  arm  swung  diagonally  forward-upward,  and 
right  arm  swung  down  and  back.)     "Go!"     (Swing  right  arm  forward -up  ward 
and  left  arm  downward,  and  advance  forward  four  or  five  steps,  taking  first 
step  with  right  foot. 

9.  Pitcher's  throw — "Place  left  foot  forward,  both  hands  to  chest — one!'' 
"Twist   to  the  right,  throwing  both  hands   well  over  right   shoulder — two!" 
''Throw  the  ball  to  the  catcher,  transferring  the  weight  well  on  to  the  left 
foot — three!     Position — four!" 

10.  Batting — Face    sideways    (left    foot    to   the    front,   right    foot    to    the 
rear),  looking  over  left  shoulder  at  pitcher — hands  close  together,  right  above 
left,    grasping   bat.     "Swing   both    arms    toward    right    shoulder — one!     Ad- 
vance left  foot  toward  pitcher,  bending  the  right  knee  slightly,  and  emphasiz- 
ing the  position  of  the  bat  over  the  shoulder — two!     Sway  vigorously  forward 
onto  the  left  foot,  and  swing  the  arms  forward  parallel  with  the  floor,  and 
shoulder  height — three!     Position — four!" 

•Descriptions  may  be  found  in  "Health,  Strength  and  Power" — D.  A.   Sargent. 

D.  Games.* 

Playground — Follow  Chase.  Exchange  Tag.  Chain  Tug-of-War.  Three 
Deep.  Japanese  Tag.  Last  Couple  Out.  Still  Pond — No  More  Moving.  Partner 
Tag.  Black  Tom.  Duck  on  a  Rock.  Bear  in  the  Ring.  Rooster  Fight 
(Stecher).  Red  Rover.  Pull  Over  (Stecher).  Chicken  Market.  Day  or  Night. 
Medicine  Ball.  Circle  Stride  Ball.  Zigzag  I  and  II.  Slipper  Slap.  Ball  Stand. 
Circle  Relay  Pass  Ball.  Progressive  Dodge  Ball.  Circle  Ball.  Quoits.  End 
Ball  (team  game  of  simple  organization).  Relay  Races — Simple  (running, 
walking,  hopping,  etc.),  shuttle  (running,  walking,  hopping,  etc.),  leap  frog, 
wheelbarrow,  sack,  potato,  three-legged,  obstacle  race,  all-up  relay,  handkerchief 
relay,  baseball  relay.  Baseball.  Hockey  (informal).  Tennis.  (Games  from 
"Black  Torn"  to  "Chicken  Market,"  suitable  for  boys.  Games  from  "Medicine 
Ball"  to  "End  Ball"  require  apparatus.) 

Classroom — Arch  Ball.  Tag  the  Wall  Relay.  Toss  Ball.  You're  It.  Captain 
Bean  Bag.  Time  Ball  ("150").  Blackboard  Relay.  Buzz.  Desk  Relay.  Dead 
Ball  (Indianapolis/. 


*See  Bancroft  and  other  references,  pages  33-4. 

**Constructive  Plays — Clay   modeling,   weaving,    raffia,   carpentry,   sewing. 


Other  Plays — Skating,  swimming,  rowing,  coasting,  climbing,  running  and 
jumping,  wrestling,  boxing,  stunts,  checkers. 

E.    Dances.f 

Swedish  Clap  Dance  (Cp.  I  &  Bl.  2).§  Czardas  (Cp.  I  &  Bl.  1).J  Nick- 
dickomdy  (Cp.  I).  Rhinelander  (Cp.  I).  May  Pole  Dance  (Bl.  !).§  Norwegian 
Mountain  March  (Bl.  !).§  Gotland's  Quadrille  (Bl.  2). 5  Crested  Hen  (Bl.  2). 5 
Knytnaspolska  (Bl.  4).  §  Nest  Making  (Cp.  II).  Dainty  Step  (Gl.).  How-Do- 
You-Do  (GL).  Bean  Setting  (Shp.).  Black  Nag  (Shp.).§  Troika  (Chalif). 
Guralsky  Tanetz  (Chalif).  Dutch  Couples  (Clarke). 


••Reprinted  from  "The  Playground"  with  permission. 
tFor  explanations  of  abbreviations  see  page  30. 
!On  talking  machine  record. 

GRADE  VI. 

A.     Gymnastic  Drills. 

[The  folloicing  lessons  include  exercises  progressively  arranged,  each  having  a 
particular  purpose.  In  general  the  exercises  are  given  in  two  parts:  The  first 
includes  the  name  of  the  exercise,  and  describes  concisely  what  is  desired  for 
complete  execution.  The  second  part,  in  quotations,,  suggests  the  commands  to  be 
used.  The  final  command,  the  signal  for  execution,  is  printed  in  heavy  type. 
For  detailed  explanations  of  starting  positions  and  movements  see  Chapter  II, 
"Exercise  in  Detail."] 

Lesson  I — 1.  Marking  time  and  inarching.  (Review  facings  briefly,  stopping 
on  first  count.)  "Mark  time — march!  Class,  halt!  (Every  other  row  about 
face.  Every  two  rows  march  around  one  row  of  desks.)  Class  forward— 
march!  Class,  halt!"  2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing 
sideways.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Po-sition!  Same 
to  right — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!" 
3.  Bend  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  "Arms — bend! 
Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!  Again- — one!  Two!" 
4.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward  bending  left  and  right,  stopping  to  change. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  knee  upward  bending  in  this  time  (demon- 
strate): Ready — begin!  And  stop!  Same  with  right:  Ready — begin!" 
5.  Ann  bending  and  stretching  sideways  (r).  "Arm  bending  and  stretching 
sideways  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  *6.  Hip 
grasp  stride  st.  downward  bending  of  trunk,  touching  floor  with  one  hand 
(with  a  little  trunk  twisting  and  knee  bending).  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet 
sideways — place!  Downward  bending  of  trunk,  touching  floor  with  one  hand, 
in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!"  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes 
with  foot  placing  sideways.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  witli 
foot  placing  side\yays:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!"  (on  toes,  with  heels 
together). 

•May  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  II — *1.  Running.  Circle  formation.  First  review  running  in  place. 
"In  place— run!  Class.  Halt!  (1,  2).  Forward— march!  Quick  time — 
march!  Common  time — march!"  (See  Grade  V,  Lesson  4,  Ex.  1).  *2.  Arm 
flinging  forward  with  knee  bending  (heels  ofT).  "Arm  flingflig  forward  with 
knee  bending  (heels  off)  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready— begin !  And 
stop!"  3.  Arm  raising  sideways  with  palms  up  and  backward  moving  of  head. 
"Arm  raising  sideways  with  palms  up  and  backward  moving  of  head — one! 
Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  and  downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on 
hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  forward -downward— bend!  Raise! 
Again — one!  Two!"  !•">.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk  twisting,  alternating  with  arm 
stretching  sideways.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting 
to  left — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  sideways — three!  Four!  Same  to  right. 
1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  -  — :  Ready — begin!"  |6.  Hip 

grasp  one-half  st.   (leg  sideways),  change  of  feet  on  one  count.     "Hands  on 
hips — place!     Left  leg  sideways— raise!     With  a  jump  feet — change!     Again- 


73 

one!  Two!"  7.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  (even  rhythm).  "Ann 
bending  and  stretching  upward  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin! 
Stop!"  8.  Jump  in  place  witli  arm  Hinging  sideways.  (Heel  raising) — "One! 
(Knee  bending) — Two!  (Jump  up  with  arm  flinging) — Three!  (Knee  stretch- 
ing)— Four!  (Heel  sinking) — Five!  Again,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4 — 5." 

*May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  III — *1.  Ann  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward.  "Arms 
bend  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right — one!  Two! 
Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready- — begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Stride 
st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending.  "Feet  sideways — place!  Ann 
flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  in  this  time  (demonstrate) :  Ready- 
begin!"  3.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  chest  raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet 
sideways — place!  With  deep  breathing,  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two! 
Again — one!  Two!''  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward  bending,  left  and  right, 
without  stopping  at  change.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  knee  upward 
bending  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And,  right!  LeftT 
Right!  And  stop!"  5.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  (c  and  r). 
"Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two! 
To  right — three!  Four!  Repeat,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Now  keep  it  up  in  slow  time 
— :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  f6-  Arm  bending  and  stretching 
upward  and  downward  (even  rhythm).  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward 
and  downward  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!" 
t7.  Cross  (a)  toe  st.  head  twisting.  "Arms  forward — bend!  Heels — raise!  Head 
twisting,  left— one!  Two!  Right— three!  Four!  Repeat,  1—2—3—4.  8.  Run- 
ning leap  over  two  lines  (hurdle  jump).  Circle  formation.  Rear  leg  well  up 
behind.  After  first  round,  increase  the  distance  between  the  two  lines. 


*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  IV — *1.  Review  facing  right  and  left  about  on  two  counts,  stopping 
on  the  first.  "Left  about — face!  Two!"  Practice  later  without  stopping. 
*2.  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Arm  flinging  side- 
ways with  knee  bending  (heels  off)  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — 
begin!  Stop!"  3.  Cross  (a)  walk  (b)  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising.  "Arms  forward  bend  and  left  foot  forward— place !  Backward 
moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Arms  for- 
ward bend  and  feet — change!"  4.  Bend  stride  st.  forward-downward  bending 
of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms  bend  and  feet 
sideways — place!  Forward-downward  bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!  Arm 
stretching  downward — three!  Four!  Continue  in  this  time  -  — :  Ready — 
begin!"  5.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  trunk  twisting  all  the  way  in  one  movement. 
"Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  to  left — twist!  All  the 
way  to  the  right — one!  To  left — two!  Again — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in 
rhythm:  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  6.  Hip  grasp  close  one-half  hook  st.  change 
of  feet  on  one  count.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Left  knee  upward — 
bend!  With  a  jump,  feet — change!  Again — one!  Two!"  f7.  Neck  grasp  st. 
side  bending  of  trunk  (c).  "Hands  on  neck — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — 
one!  Two!  To  right— three!  Four!  Repeat,  1—2—3 — 4."  8.  Hip  grasp  st. 
jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward.  "Hands  on  hips — place! 
•Jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward -backward  in  this  time  (demon- 
strate): Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!''  (on  toes). 

*May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  V  (Review) — 1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward 
(Lesson  3,  Ex.  1).  2.  Arm  flinging  forward  with  knee  bending  (heels  off) 
(Lesson  2,  Ex.  2).  3.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  chest  raising  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  3). 
4.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward  bending,  left  and  right,  without  stopping  at 
change  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  7).  5.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk  twisting,  alternating 


74 

• 

with  arm  stretching  sideways  (Lesson  2.  Ex.  5).  6.  Cross  (a)  toe  st.  head 
twisting  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  7).  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing 
sideways  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  7). 

Lesson  VI — *1.  Cross  (a)  st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising. 
"Arms  forward — bend!  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising  in  sharp 
rhythm:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  alternate 
knee  bending  from  one  side  to  the  other.  "Hands  on  hips  and  (with  a  wide 
step)  feet  sideways — place!  Left  knee — bend!  All  the  way  over  to  the 
right — one!  To  the  left — two!  Repeat,  1 — 2.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time 
— :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Arm  circumduction  with  backward 
moving  of  head.  "Arm  circumduction  with  backward  moving  of  head — one! 
Two!  Again — one!  Two!"  4.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm 
stretching  downward.  "Arms — bend!  Stoop  down  and  touch  floor — one! 
Return — two!  Arm  stretching  downward— three !  Four!  Continue  in  this 
time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!"  |5.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending 
of  trunk  all  the  way  (c  and  r).  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways— place! 
Trunk  to  left — bend!  All  the  way  over  to  right — one!  To  left — two! 
Again — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  slow  rhythm:  To  the  right — begin!  And 
stop!"  6.  Stretch  walk  (b)  toe  st.  arm  parting.  "Arms — bend.  Arms  upward 
stretch  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Heels — raise!  Arm  parting — one! 
Two!  Heels — sink!  Arms  upward  stretch  and  feet — change!  Heels — raise!" 
(Repeat  arm  parting.)  7.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways, 
and  trunk  twisting.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk 
twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 
3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  St. 

jump  forward.  (Demonstrate  on  five  counts):  "Ready — one!  Two!  Three! 
Four!  Five!"  Repeat  twice. 

•May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with  7. 

Lesson  VII — 1.  March  steps  forward  or  backward  with  facings.  "One  step 
forward  and  left  face — march!  Right  face  and  one  step  backward — -march!" 
(Work  for  sharp  rhythm  and  clean-cut  movements.)  *2.  Arm  bending  and 
stretching  sideways  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways  and  heel  raising. 
"Arms  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with 
heel  raising — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts.  1 — 2 — 3 — 4. 
Now  keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  *3.  Hip  grasp  st. 
heel  raising  and  knee  bending  in  even  rhythm.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heel 
raising  and  knee  bending  in  this  (even)  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin! 
Stop!"  4.  Neck  grasp  close  st.  chest  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head. 
"Hands  on  neck  and  feet — close!  With  deep  breathing,  backward  moving  of 
head— one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!"  5.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee  xip- 
ward  bending.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Alternate  knee  upward  bending  in 
this  time  (demonstrate) :  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!"  6.  Bend  stride  st. 
trunk  twisting  all  the  way,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms 
bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  to  left — twist!  All  the  way  to  right — 
one!  Arm  stretching  sideways — two!  Three!  Same  to  left — one!  Two!  Three! 
Continue  in  this  time  -  — :  To  the  right — begin!  Stop!  Forward — 

twist!"  |7.  Neck  grasp  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk  (c).  "Hands  on  neck — 
place!  Trunk  forward — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st. 
cut  step  sideways.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  leg  sideways — raise!  Cut 
the  right  sideways — one!  Left  sideways — two!  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm: 
Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!"  (on  toes). 

•May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  VIII — *1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  alternate  foot 
placing  forward.  "Arms — bend!  Arms  sideways  stretch  and  left  foot  for- 
Avard— place!  Arms  bend  and  foot  re-place!  '  Same  to  right — one!  Two! 


75 

Continue   in   this   time  -  — :      With   the   left— begin!      And    stop!'' 

*2.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  knee 
bending.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Knee  bending — 
one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue 
in  this  time:  To  the  left — begin!  Stop!"  3.  Reach  st.  arm  parting  (palms 
up)  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arms  forward — raise!  Arm  parting 
(palms  up)  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing — one!  Two! 
Again — one!  Two!  Po-sition!"  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate 
foot  placing  sideways,  and  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on 
hips  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Forward-downward  bending  of  trunk — 
one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it 
up  in  this  rhythm  -  — :  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  5.  Bend 

walk  (a)  twist  st.  arm. stretching  upward.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  out- 
ward— place!  Trunk  to  left — twist!  Slow  (or  quick)  arm  stretching  upward 
— one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Trunk  forward — twist!  Arms  bend  and 
feet — change!"  (Repeat  above.)  6.  Hip  grasp  close  one-half  hook  st.  knee 
stretching  forward.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Left  knee  upward — 
bend!  Knee  stretching  forward — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  With  a 
jump,  feet — change!"  Repeat  knee  stretching  on  other  side.  f7.  Neck  grasp 
stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  all  the  way  from  left  to  right.  "Hands  on 
reck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  All  the  way 
over  to  right — two!  Again — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  slow,  even  time: 
Ready — begin!"  8.  Standing  high  jump  touching  ruler  (or  pointer).  (Have 
two  circles  and  two  pointers.)  Regulate  height  of  pointer  to  height  of 
jumper.  Pointer  should  not  be  within  easy  reach.) 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  IX — -*1.  Forward  bending  of  arms  and  arm  flinging  sideways  with 
alternate  foot  placing  forward  and  heel  raising.  "Arms  forward  bend  and 
left  foot  forward — place!  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising — one!  Two! 
Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time 
— :  With  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on 
hips  with  side  lunge  (wide  step).  "Side  lunge  with  placing  of  hands  on  hips: 
To  the  left— one!  Two!  To  the  right — three!  Four!  (Repeat  on  command  if 
necessary.)  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  To  the  left — begin!  Stop!" 
3.  Cross  (d)  st.  arm  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "With  palms  up, 
arms  sideways — fling!  Arm  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head — one! 
Two!"  4.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways. 
"Arms — bend!  Stoop  down— one!  Up — two!  Arm  stretching  sideways — • 
three!  Four!  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  Ready — go!  Stop!"  5.  Neck  grasp 
close  one-half  st.  (leg  sideways),  change  of  feet  on  one  count.  "Hands  on 
neck  and  feet — close!  Left  leg  sideways — raise!  With  a  jump,  feet — change! 
Again — one!  Two!"  6.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways, 
and  trunk  twisting.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk 
twisting  -to  left — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1— 
2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  —  — :  To  the  left — begin!"  t".  Xeck 

grasp  walk  (b)  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot 
forward — place!  Trunk  forward — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!  Hands 
on  neck  and  feet — change!"  8.  Vault  over  seats.  (No  preliminary  prepara- 
tion. Jump  through  on  the  command — go!  Land  on  toes,  knees  bent.) 
"Vault  over  seats:  Ready — go!  Two!  Three!  About — face!"  Repeat  vault. 

•ilay  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  X  (Review) — 1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  alternate 
foot  placing  forward  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  1).  2.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising  and 
knee  bending  in  even  rhythm  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  3).  3  Reach  st.  arm  parting 
(palms  up)  with  backward  moving  of  head  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  3).  4.  Hip  grasp 
st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  5).  5.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk 


76 

twisting  all  the  way.  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways  (Lesson  7, 
Ex.  0).  6.  Hip  grasp  close  one-half  hook  st.  knee  stretching  forward  (Lesson 
8.  Ex.  6),  or  Stretch  walk  (b)  toe  st.  arm  parting  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  6).  7.  Hip 
grasp  st.  cut  step  sideways  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  8). 

Lesson  XI — *1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising.  "Anns — 
bend!  Arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Again — 1 — 2. 
Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  Ready— begin !"  *2.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  bending  (heels 
off).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Knee  bending  (heels  off)  in  this  rhythm 
'demonstrate):  Ready — begin!"  3.  Xeck  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  chest  raising 
with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  forward- 
place!  With  deep  breathing,  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Again — 
one!  Two!  Hands  on  neck,  and  feet — change!"  4.  Arm  bending  with  alternate 
foot  placing  sideways,  and  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Arms  bend 
and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  forward-downward — one!  Two! 
Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time 
— :  To  the  left— begin!  And  stop!"  |5.  Stretch  walk  (a)  twist  st. 
arm  parting.  "Arms — bend!  Arms  upward  stretch  and  left  foot  outward- 
place!  Trunk  to  left — twist!  Arm  parting — one!  Two!  One!  Two!  Trunk 
forward — twist!  Arms  upward  stretch  and  feet — change!''  6.  Hip  grasp 
close  toe  st.  march  steps  forward  and  backward.  "Hands  on  hips,  and  feet — 
close!  Heels — raise!  March  steps  forward:  Left — one!  Two!  Again — one! 
Two!  Backward:  Right — one!  Two!"  etc.  7.  Bend  stride  st.  sideways  bend- 
ing of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms  bend  and 
feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  the  left — one!  Two!  Arm  stretch- 
ing sideways — three!  Four!  Same  to  right,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this 
time  —  — :  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!1'  8.  Jump  on  toes  with  foot 
placing  sideways  and  crossing  of  feet.  "Hands  on  hips— place!  Jump  with 
feet  apart— one!  Jump  with  left  foot  crossed  in  front  of  right — two!  Feet 
apart — three!  Right  foot  crossed  in  front  of  left — four!  Keep  it  up  in 
(moderately  slow)  rhythm,  feet  apart  first:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!'' 
(On  toes,  with  heels  together.) 


•May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with   7. 

Lesson  XII — *1.  Cross  (a)  st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with  alternate  foot 
placing  forward.  "Arm  forward — bend!  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  left 
foot  placing  forward — one!  Two!  Same  with  right — three!  Four!  Continue 
in  this  time  —  — :  With  the  left — begin!"  *2.  Arm  bending  with  side 
lunge.  "Arm  bending  with  side  lunge:  Left — one!  Two!  Right — three! 
Tour!  Repeat,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  slow  rhythm:  Left — begin!  And 
stop!"  3.  Arm  raising  sideways-upward  with  backward  moving  of  head  and 
chest  raising.  "Arm  raising  sideways-upward  with  backward  moving  of  head 
and. chest  raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  toe  st.  alternate  knee  upward 
bending.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise!  Alternate  knee  upward 
bending:  With  the  left — begin!  Class,  halt!''  5.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck 
with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  side  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on 
neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two! 
Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts.  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this 
rhythm  -  — :  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  6.  Hip  grasp  st. 

balance  step  (c).  "Hands  on  hips— place!  Step  forward  with  the  left — one! 
(Weight  all  on  forward  foot,  trunk  erect.)  With  the  right — two!  Again- 
one!  Two!"  f7.  Neck  grasp  sitting,  trunk  twisting  all  the  way  (c  and  r). 
"Hands  on  neck — place!  Trunk  to  left — twist!  All  the  way  to  the  right- 
one!  To  left — two!  One!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  slow  even  time:  To  the 
right — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  cut  step  backward-forward. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  leg  forward — raise!  Cut  the  right  backward — 


77 

one!     Left  forward— two!     Again— one!  Two!     Now  keep  it  going:     Ready- 
begin!     Class,  halt!"  (on  toes). 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  XIII — 1.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising  and  knee  bending  in  uneven 
ihythm.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heel  raising  and  knee  bending  in  this  time 
(1,  2 — 3,  4):  Ready — begin!"  2.  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  sideways 
(palms  up)  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising.  "Arms — bend! 
Slow  arm  stretching  sideways,  palms  up,  with  backward  moving  of  head  and 
chest  raising — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!"  3.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck 
with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk. 
"Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  forward- 
downward — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4. 
Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  4.  Bend  walk  (b) 
st.  trunk  twisting  (c  and  r).  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  f orward— place ! 
Trunk  twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Continue  in  this  time 
—  — :  Ready — begin!  Stop!  Arms  bend  and  feet — change!"  5.  Hip 
grasp  close  one-half  st.  (leg  forward),  change  of  feet  on  one  count.  "Hands 
on  hips,  and  feet — close!  Left  leg  forward — raise!  With  a  jump,  feet — 
change!  Again — one!  Two!"  *6.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk, 
alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  side- 
ways— place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  sideways — 
three!  Four!  Same  to  right,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demon- 
strate) :  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  in  place  with 
90°  turn  left  and  right. '  "Hands  on  hips — place !  Jump  in  place  with  turn 
to  left — one!  Two!  (Jump)— three!  Four!  Five!"  Repeat  with  turn  to  right, 
etc. 


*May  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  XIV — *1.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  toe  touching  sideways  with  opposite 
knee  bending.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  toe  touching  sideways  with 
right  knee  bending — one!  Two!  Same  on  the  other  side — three!  Four!  Keep 
it  up  in  this  time  —  — :  To  the  left — begin!  "Stop!"  *2.  Close  st.  arm 
bending  with  heel  raising.  "Feet — close!  Arm  bending  with  heel  raising  (in 
moderate  rhythm)  :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Walk  (b)  st.  arm  circum- 
duction  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising.  "Left  foot  for- 
ward— place!  Arm  circumduction  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest 
raising — one!  Two!"  Repeat,  "Feet — change!"  etc.  4.  Cross  (a)  st.  stooping 
and  return.  "Arms  forward — bend!  Stoop  down  and  touch  floor — one!  Up — 
two!  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  5.  Placing  of 
hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  trunk  twisting. 
"Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one! 
Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  011  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in 
this  time  —  - — :  Ready — begin!"  6.  Hip  grasp  close  st.  march  steps  forward 
and  backward  (or  review  balance,  step  in  rhythm)  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  6). 
"Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Heels — raise!  March  steps  forward:  Left — 
one!  Right — two!  Again — one!  Two!  Backward:  Right — one!  Two!"  etc. 
f7.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  side  bending  of 
trunk.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — • 
one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue 
in  this  time  —  — :  To  the  left — begin!  Stop!"  8.  Cut  step  backward, 
alternating  with  a  hop  and  leg  swinging  forward.  "Hands  on  hips — place! 
Left  leg  forward — raise!  Cut  right  backward — one!  Hop  on  left  and  swing 
right  forward — two!  Cut  left  backward — one!  Hop  on  right  and  swing  left 
forward — two!  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  Ready — go!  Class,  halt!"  (on 
toes). 

*May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 


78 

Lesson  XV  (Review) — 1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising 
(Lesson  11,  Ex.  1).  2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  side*  lunge  (Lesson  9, 
Ex.  2).  3.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  chest  raising  with  backward  moving  of 
head  (Lesson  11,  Ex.  3).  4.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  side- 
ways, and  forward  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  11,  Ex.  4).  5.  Neck  grasp  sit- 
ting, trunk  twisting  all  the  way  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  7).  6.  Hip  grasp  close  one- 
half  st.  (leg  forward),  change  of  feet  on  one  count  (Lesson  13,  Ex.  6).  7.  Hip 
grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  and  crossing  of  feet  (Lesson 
11,  Ex.  8). 

B.    Suggestive  Relief  Periods. 

1.  Group  I. 

a.  Morning — (1)   Arm  flinging  forward,   sideways    (palms  up),  and  down- 
ward (Grade  V,  Lesson  13,  Ex.  3).     (2)   Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  down- 
ward with  backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing.     Try  also  with  heel 
raising.     (3)  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending. 

b.  Morning— (1)   Marching  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  1).     Tiptoe  marching.     (2)  Boy 
Scout  trot  (Grade  V  relief  period,  Group  III).     (3)   Arm  circumduction  with 
deep  breathing  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  3). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)    Bend    st.    arm    stretching    upward    with    heel    raising 
(Lesson  11,  Ex.  1).     (2)  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  alternate  trunk  bending  side- 
ways all  the  way  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  5).       (3)  Bowling  (mimetic  exercise,  No.  5). 

2.  Group  II. 

a.  Morning — (1)  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward-downward  (Lesson  3, 
Ex.  6).  (2)  Reach  st,  arm  parting  with  backward  moving  of  head  (Lesson  8, 
Ex.  3).  (3)  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk, 
b.  Morning — (1)  Running  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  1).  (2)  Running  leap  over  two 
lines  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  8).  (3)  Grasp  sitting,  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  expansion  (Grade  III,  Lesson  4,  Ex.  6). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)  Basket  ball  free  throw  (mimetic  exercise,  No.  8).  (2) 
Diving  (mimetic  exercises,  No.  2).  (3)  Standing  start  (Grade  V,  mimetic 
exercise,  No.  8). 

3.  Group  III. 

a.  Morning— (1)     Arm    flinging    forward-sideways    (one    movemerft)     and 
sinking  downward    (Grade  II,  Lesson   7,  Ex.  3).     Try  in  rhythm.      (2)   Neck 
grasp  walk  (b)  st.  chest  expansion  with  backward  moving  of  head  (Lesson  11. 
Ex.  3).     (3)  Power  hammer  (mimetic  exercise,  No.  4). 

b.  Morning — (1)    Marching.        (2)    Balance   marching    (Lesson   12,  Ex.   6). 
(3)  Vault  over  seats  (Lesson  9,  Ex.  8). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)   Infielder's  catch  and  throw.     (2)    Swimming   (Grade  V, 
mimetic  exercise,  No.  2).     (3)  Hip  grasp  st. — jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing 
forward-backward  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  8). 

C.     Mimetic  Exercises. 

1.  *Paddling.     (Grade  V.) 

2.  »Diving. 

3.  "Mowing. 

4.  Power  hammer — Bend  st.  stooping,  touching  floor,  alternately  with  arms 
stretching  downward. 

5.  *Bowling — Three  short  running  steps  forward,  right,  left,  right  (counts 
1,  2).     Forward  charge  left,  shoot  right  arm  forward,  left  hand  on  left  knee 
(counts  3,  4).    Hold  (counts  5,  6).     Position  (counts  7,  8). 

6.  Standing  start.     (Grade  V,  No.  8.) 

7.  'Archery. 

8.  Basket  ball  free  throw,  for  foul.     Alternate  foot  placing  sideways  witli 
arm  raising  forward,  holding  ball  and  looking  up  at  basket   (counts   1,  2). 

•Descriptions  may  be  found  in  "Health,  Strength  and  Power." — D.  A.  Sargent. 


79 

Knee  bending  with  slight  forward  bending  of  trunk,  arms  swinging  down 
between  knees  (counts  3,  4).  Stretch  the  knees  and  swing  the  arms  straight 
up,  toward  basket  (counts  5,  6).  Position  (counts  7,  8). 

9.  Infielder's  catch  and  throw.    "Stooping  position,  hands  in  front  of  feet 
in  act  of  catching  grounder — one!     Rise  to  upright  position,  knees  slightly 
bent,  left  foot  advanced  in  front,  the  right  hand  back  of  right  shoulder  holding 
ball,  the  left  arm  stretched  diagonally  forward — two!     Throw  ball  to  first 
baseman — three !     Position — four ! " 

10.  Catching  a  fly  and  throwing  to  third.    Right  foot  placing  backward 
with  arms  overhead  catching  the  ball    (counts   1,  2).     Arms  come  back  to 
throw,  all  weight  back  on  right  foot  (counts  3,  4).    Throw  and  shift  weight 
forward  to  left  foot  (5,  6).    Position  (7,  8). 

D.  *Games. 

Playground — (See  games  for  Grade  V.)  Hop-Scotch  Three  Deep.  Vis-a- 
Vis.  Baste  the  Bear.  Duck  on  the  Rock.  Poison  Snake./  Center  Base.  Snatch. 
Spud.  Progressive  Dodge  Ball.  Pig  in  the  Hole.  Shuttle  Relay.  Ten  Trips. 
All-up  Relay.  Corner  Spry.  Indian  Club  Race.  Shuttle  Basket  Ball.  Throw 
Ball  Relay.  Handkerchief  Relay.  Baseball  Relay./  Jump  Rope  Relay.  Prison- 
ers' Base.  Baseball.  Boston  Ball.  Volley  Ball.  Playground  Ball.  Tennis. 
(Games  after  "Poison  Snake"  require  apparatus.  Games  after  "Jump  Rope 
Relay"  are  team  games.) 

Classroom — Home  Run.  Zigzag  I.  Numbers  Change.  Round  Ball.  Jump 
the  Bean  Bag.  Hands  Up,  Hands  Down.  Circle  Ball.  Jumping  Relay.  Beast, 
Bird,  Fish.  Catch  Basket. 

Other  Plays — Skating,  coasting,  swimming,  rowing,  sailing,  stunts,  boxing, 
wrestling,  building,  carpenter,  collecting,  pets,  gardens,  checkers,  marbles. 

•For  descriptions  see  Bancroft  and  other  references,  pages  33-4. 

E.  fDances. 

Reap  the  Flax  (Bl.  1  &  Cp.  1)4  Lautlnum  Bunches  (Bl.  1)4§  Bobbing  Joe 
(Bl.  2).§  Ribbon  Dance  (Bl.  2)4  Old  Maid  (Bl.  3).  Martin  Wappu  (Bl.  3). 
Crested  Hen  (Bl.  2)4  Gathering  Peascods  (Sh.)4§  Blue-Eyed  Stranger 
(Sh.)4§  Oxdansen  (Bl.  1)4§  Athletic  Pageant  (Caskey).i  Clown  Dance 
(Caskey)§.  Sailor's  Hornpipe  (Bl.  2)4§.  Flemish  Folk  Dance  (Chalif). 
Csehbogar.t  Troika  (Chalif).  Baborak  (Chalif).  Cola  Serbianka  (Chalif). 

tFor  explanations  of  abbreviations  see  page  30. 
JOn  talking  machine  record. 
§  Suitable  also  for  boys. 

GRADE  VII. 
A.     Gymnastic  Drills. 

[The  following  lessons  include  exercises  progressively  arranged,  each  having  a 
particular  purpose.  In  general  the  exercises  are  given  in  two  parts:  The  first 
includes  the  name  of  the  exercise,  and  describes  concisely  what  is  desired  for 
complete  execution.  The  second  part,  in  quotations,  suggests  the  commands  to  be 
used.  The  final  command,  the  signal  for  execution,  is  printed  in  heavy  type. 
For  detailed  explanations  of  starting  positions  and  movements  see  Chapter  II, 
"Exercise  in  Detail."'] 

Lesson  I — 1.  Marking  time  and  marching.  "Mark  time — march!  Class, 
halt!  (Every  other  row  about  face.  Every  two  rows  march  around  one  row 
of  desks.)  Class  forward — march!  Class,  halt!"  2.  Stride  st.  arm  bending 
with  knee  bending.  "Feet  sideways— place!  Arm  bending  with  knee  bend- 
ing— one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Continue  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready- 
begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Heel  raising  with  turning  of  palms  and  chest  raising. 
"Heel  raising  with  turning  of  palms  and  chest  raising — one!  Two!"  *4.  Hip 
grasp  stride  st.  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and 
feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  forward-downward — bend!  Raise!  Again — 
one!  Two!"  *o.  Stride  st.  chopping  wood.  "With  a  jump,  feet  sideways — 
place!  (Hands  holding  axe  over  left  shoulder),  chopping  in  this  time  (demon- 
strate):  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  6.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways 
and  downward  in  even  and  broken  rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching 
sideways  and  downward  in  this  (even)  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin! 
Stop!"  Try  also  in  broken  rhythm  (1,  2 — 3,  4).  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on 


80 

toes  with  foot  placing  sideways.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  with 
foot  placing  sideways  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — go!  Class,  halt!"  (on 
toes,  with  heels  together). 

•May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  II — *1.  Running.  (Circle  formation.)  "Class  forward — march!  On 
toes — march!  Quick  time — march!  (1,  2,  3,  4).  Common  tune — march!" 
*2.  Facings  right  and  left,  and  about  facings.  Practice  facings  on  two  counts, 
first  with  stop  on  first  count,  and  later  without.  3.  Arm  raising  sideways, 
palms  up,  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arm  raising  sideways,  palms  up, 
with  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!"  4.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating 
with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms — bend!  Stoop  down  and  return, 
alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward  in  this  time  (demonstrate) : 
Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  5.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk 
(c  and  r).  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — 
one!  Two!  To  right — three!  Four!  Again,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this 
time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  6.  Arm  bending  and  stretching 
upward  (even  rhythm).  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  in  this  time 
(demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  f7.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward 
bending  left  and  right  with  and  without  stop  at  change.  "Hands  on  hips — 
place!  Left  knee  upward  bending — begin!"  (See  Grade  VI,  Lessons  1  and  3.) 
8.  Jump  in  place  with  side  flinging  of  arms.  Demonstrate  the  movement  on 
five  counts:  (Heel  raising  on  One!  Knee  bending  on  Two!  Jump  on  Three! 
Knee  stretching  on  Four!  Heel  sinking  on  Five!)  Then:  "Class — attention! 
Ready— One!  Two!  Three!  Four!  Five!" 

•May  be  alternated.      fMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  III — *1.  About  facings  and  half  facings,  left  and  right.  Practice 
on  two  counts.  "In  this  time  (one,  two),  left  about — face!"  *2.  Arm  fling- 
ing sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  oft").  "Arm  flinging  sideways  with 
knee  bending  (heels  off)  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin! 
And  stop!"  3.  Bend  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  "Arms — 
bend!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  facing — one!  Two!''  4.  Neck 
grasp  stride  st.  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  neck  and 
feet  sideways— place !  Trunk  forward-downward — bend!  Raise!  Again — 
one!  Two!"  f5-  Hip  grasp  close  one-half  st.  (leg  sideways),  change  of  feet  on 
one  count.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Left  leg  sideways — raise! 
With  a  jump,  feet — change!  Again — one!  Two!"  t6.  Neck  grasp  stride  st. 
trunk  twisting  (c  and  r).  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk 
twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  To  right — three!  Four!  Repeat,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4. 
Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!"  7.  Arm  bending  and  stretching 
upward  and  downward  in  uneven  rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching 
upward  and  downward  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — begin!  And 
stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Jumping  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward 
in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — go!  Class,  halt!"  (on  toes). 

•May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  IV — *1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  diagonally  outward. 
"Arms  bend  and  left  foot  diagonally  outward — place!  Po-sition!  Same  to 
right — one!  Two!  Continue  in  this  time  —  — :  To  the  left— begin!  And 
stop!"  *2.  Stride  st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending.  "Feet  side- 
ways— place!  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  in  sharp  rhythm: 
Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Neck  grasp  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising.  "Hands  on  neck — place!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest 
raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  close  st.  forward-downward  bending  of 
trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Trunk  forward-downward — bend! 
Raise!  Repeat— one!  Two!"  5.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk  twisting,  alternating 


81 

with  arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways— place!  Trunk 
twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  sideways — three!  Four!  Satnr- 
to  right,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  going  in  even  rhythm:  To  the  left— begin!" 

6.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending.     "Hands   on    hips — place! 
Alternate  knee  upward  bending  in  this  time  (demonstrate) :     With  the  Left — 
begin!    Class,  halt!"    f7.  Cross  (a)  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  (c  and  r). 
"Arms  forward  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!     Trunk  bending  to  the  left — 
one!   Two!     Right — three!   Four!     Repeat,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.     Keep  it  up  in  this 
time  —  — :     To  the  Left — begin!"    8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with 
foot  placing  sideways  and  crossing  of  feet.     "Hands  on  hips — place!     Jump 
with  feet  apart — one!     Jump  with  left  foot  crossed  in  front  of  right — two! 
Feet  apart — three!     Right  foot  crossed  in  front  of  left — four!     Keep  it  going 
in  rhythm,  feet  apart  first,  ready — go!     Class,  halt!"  (on  toes  and  with  heels 
together) . 

*May  be  alternated.     tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  V  (Review) — 1.  Running  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  1).  2.  Arm  flinging  sideways 
with  knee  bending  (heels  off)  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  2).  3.  Heel  raising  with  turning 
of  palm  and  chest  raising  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  3).  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward 
bending  left  and  right,  with  and  without  stop  at  change  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  7). 
5.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  trunk  twisting  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  6).  6.  Arm  bending 
and  stretching  upward  and  downward  in  uneven  rhythm  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  7). 

7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward  (Lesson  3, 
Ex.  8),  or  Jump  in  place  with  side  flinging  of  arms  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  8). 

Lesson  VI — *1.  Facings  with  march  steps  forward,  backward  or  sideways. 
"Left  face  and  one  step  to  the  left — march!  Right  face  and  one  step  for- 
ward— march!"  etc.  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing 
sideways,  and  heel  raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place! 
Heel  raising — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 
,  3-^-4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  rhythm  -  — :  To  the  left — begin!"  3.  Cross  (a) 
st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  "Arms  forward — bend! 
Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Bend  st.  stoop- 
ing, alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms — bend!  Stooping 
down,  touch  floor,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways  in  this  time 
(demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  f5.  Stride  st.  side  bending  of 
trunk  with  opposite  arm  flinging  sideways-upward  (four  counts).  "Feet  side- 
ways— place!  Side  bending  of  trunk  with  opposite  arm  flinging  sideways 
upward  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate)  :  Right  arm  goes  up  first,  to  the  left — 
begin!"  6.  Hip  grasp  st.  toe  touching  forward,  and  follow  step  (c  and  r). 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Touch  left  toe  forward — one!  Small  step  forward 
with  the  left  (body  erect) — two!  Bring  the  right  to  the  left — three!  Same 
with  the  right,  1 — 2 — 3."  Try  in  rhythm.  7.  Bend  walk  (a)  twist  st.  arm 
stretching  upward.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  diagonally  outward — place! 
Trunk  to  left — twist!  Arm  stretching  upward — one!  Two!  Trunk  forward — 
twist!  Anns  bend  and  feet — change!"  8.  Vault  over  seats,  ready — go!  Two! 
Three!  About— face!"  Repeat. 

*May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with   7. 

Lesson  VII — *1.  Arm  bending  with  heel  raising.  "Arm  bending  with  heel 
raising  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  Stop!''  *2.  Hip  grasp 
stride  st.  alternate  knee  bending  all  the  way.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet 
sideways — place!  Left  knee — bend!  All  the  way  over  to  right — one!  Two! 
Again — one!  Two!  Continue  in  this  time  -  — :  To  the  right — begin! 

Stop!"  3.  Arm  circumduction  with  backward  moving  of  head  (three  counts — 
in  rhythm).  "Arm  circumduction  in  this  time  (demonstrate).  Quick  move- 
ments. Head  moves  backward  on  one!  Hold  in  position  on  two!  Release  on 
three!  Ready — begin!"  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot 


82 

placing  sideways,  and  forward -downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips 
and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Forward-downward  bending  of  trunk — one! 
Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  fight  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in 
this  rhythm  -  — :  To  the  left— begin!  And  stop!"  5.  Bend  walk  (b) 

st.  trunk  twisting  (r).  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Trunk 
twisting  to  left  in  this  time  (demonstrate) :  Ready — begin!  And  Stop! 
Arms  bend  and  feet — change!"  6.  Hip  grasp  close  one-half  st.  (leg  forward) 
change  of  feet  on  one  count.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Left  leg  for- 
ward— raise!  With  a  jump,  feet — change!  Again — one!  Two!"  |7.  Neck 
grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — 
place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  To  right — three!  Four!  Now 
keep  it  up  in  slow  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp 
st.  jump  in  place,  turning  90°  left  and  right.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump 
in  place  with  turn  to  left — one!  Two!  (Jump) — three!  Four!  Five!" 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  VIII — *1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward  and 
heel  raising.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  f orward— place !  Heel  raising — one! 
Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2—3 — 4.  Continue  in 
this  time  —  — :  With  the  left — begin!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips 

with  side  lunge.  "Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunge:  To  left — one! 
Two  !  To  right — three!  Four!  Continue  in  this  time  —  — :  To  the 

left — begin!"  3.  Neck  grasp  close  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest 
raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet — close!  Backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm 
stretching  upward.  "Arms — bend!  Stooping,  touching  floor,  alternating  with 
arm  stretching  upward  in  this  time  (demonstrate) :  Ready — begin!  And 
stop!"  t5-  Neck  grasp  sitting,  trunk  twisting  all  the  way.  (Sitting  on  desks.) 
"Hands  on  neck — place!  Trunk  to  the  left — twist!  All  the  way  to  right — 
one!  To  left — two!  Again — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  slow,  even  time:  To 
the  right — begin!"  6.  Hip  grasp  close  toe  st.  march  steps  forward  and  back- 
ward. "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Heels — raise!  March  steps  forward: 
With  the  left — one!  Right — two!  Again — one!  Two!  Backward  with  the 
right — one!  Two!"  7.  Bend  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with 
arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk 
bending  £o  left — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  sideways — three!  Four!  Repeat 
to  right,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate) :  To  the  left — 
begin!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  cut  step  backward-forward.  (Try  break  on  seventh 
and  eighth  counts.)  (Demonstrate  before  commanding  attention.)  Start 
with  left  leg  raised  in  front.  On  seventh  count,  jump  with  feet  apart;  on 
eighth  count,  hop  on  left  and  swing  right  forward.  (Then  ready  to  repeat 
cut  step.)  Commands  are:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!" 

•May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  7. 

Lesson  IX — *1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising.  "Arms — 
bend!  Arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Now  keep  it 
up  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with 
alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  knee  bending.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left 
foot  sideways — place!  Knee  bending — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right 
on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  —  — :  To  the  left — 

begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Bend  walk  (b)  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Backward  moving 
of  head  with  chest  raising— one!  Two!  Arms  bend  and  feet — change!" 
4.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and 
forward-downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  side- 
ways— place!  Trunk  bending  forward-downward — one!  Two!  Po-sition! 
Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the 
left — begin!  And  stop!"  f5-  Cross  (a)  walk  (a)  twist  st.  arm  flinging 


'  83 

sideways.  "Arms  forward  bend  arid  left  foot  outward — place!  Trunk  to 
left — twist!  Arm  flinging  sideways — one!  Two!  Repeat,  1 — 2.  Trunk  for- 
ward— twist!  Arms  forward  bend  and  feet — change!"  6.  Hip  grasp  toe  st. 
alternate  knee  upward  bending.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise! 
Alternate  knee  upward  bending:  With  the  left — begin!  Class,  halt!"  (on 
toes).  7.  One-half  hip,  one-half  neck  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk 
(c).  "Feet  sideways — place!  Left  hand  on  hip,  right  hand  on  neck— place! 
Trunk  to  left — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!  Arms — change!  To  right — 
bend!"  etc.  8.  Free  jump  forward.  (Demonstrate):  (Heel  raising  on  one! 
Knee  bending  on  two!  Jump  forward  (with  arm  flinging  forward)  on  three! 
Stretch  knees  on  four!  Heel  sinking  on  Five!)  "Ready — one!  Two!  Three! 
Four!  Five!" 


*May  be  alternated.     fMay  be  alternated  with  7. 

Lesson  X  (Review) — 1.  Facings  with  march  steps,  etc.  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  1). 
2.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  heel 
xaising  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  2).  3.  Arm  circumduction  with  backward  moving  of 
head  (three  counts,  in  rhythm)  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  3).  4.  Bend  st.  stooping, 
alternating  with  arm  stretching  upward  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  4).  5.  Stride  st.  side 
bending  of  trunk  with  opposite  arm  flinging  sideways-upward  (Lesson  6, 
Ex.  5),  or  Cross  (a)  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  7). 

6.  Hip  grasp  close  one-half  st.    (leg  forward)    change  of  feet  on  one  count 
(Lesson  7,  Ex.  6).     7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways 
and  crossing  of  feet  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  8),  or  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  in  place,  turning 
90°  left  and  right  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  8). 

Lesson  XI — *1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  arm 
stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — 
place!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Po-sition! 
Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the 
left — begin!  Stop!"  *2.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  alternate  knee  bending  all  the 
way.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Left  knee — bend!  All  the 
way  to  right — one !  To  left — two !  Again — one !  Two !  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm : 
To  the  right — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Arm  flinging  forward,  sideways  (palms 
up),  and  downward  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arm  flinging  forward- 
sideways — one!  (Let  the  head  go  back  a  little.)  Downward — two!  Keep  it 
up  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  (Sharp  movements.)  4.  Bend 
wide  stride  st.  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk,  touching  floor,  alternating 
with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place! 
Forward-downward  bending  of  trunk,  touching  floor — one!  Return — two! 
Ann  stretching  downward — three!  Four!  Continue  in  rhythm:  Ready — 
begin!"  f5.  Neck  grasp  sitting,  trunk  twisting.  "Hands  on  neck — place! 
Trunk  twisting  to  left— one!  Two!  To  right — three!  Four!  Keep  it  up  in 
even  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!"  6.  Hip  grasp  st.  balance  step  forward 
(c  and  r).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Balance  step  forward:  With  the  left — 
one!  (weight  well  forward,  body  erect).  With  the  right — two!  Again — one! 
Two!  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate) :  With  the  left — begin!  Stop!" 

7.  Bend   stride   st.   side  bending   of   trunk,   alternating   with   arm   stretching 
upward.    "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!     Trunk  bending  to  left — one! 
Two!      Arm   stretching  upward — three!    Four!      Same   to  right,    1 — 2 — 3 — 4. 
Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:     To  the  left — begin!     And  stop!"     8.  Hip  grasp  st. 
jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward  and  backward,  passing  through  toe 
st.  position,  each  time.     "Hands  on  hips — place!      Jump  with  left  foot  for- 
ward— one!     Feet  together — two!  Right  foot  forward — three!  Feet  together — 
four!     Continue  in  rhythm:     Ready — go!     Class,  halt!"  (on  toes). 

*May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with  7. 

Lesson  XII — 1.  Hip  grasp  st.  toe  touching  sideways  with  opposite  knee 
bending.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  toe  touching  sideways  with  right  knee 


84 

bending— one!  Two!  Same  on  the  other  side— three!  Four!  Keep  it  up  in 
rhythm:  With  the  left— begin!"  2.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b)  st,  backward 
moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  forward- 
place!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!  Again — 
one!  Two!  Hands  on  neck,  and  feet— change !"  3.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alter- 
nating with  arm  stretching  upward.  "Arms — bend!  Stoop  down — one! 
Return— two!  Arm  stretching  upward— three !  Four!  Keep  it  up  in  this 

time :     Ready — begin!"    4.  Forward  bending  of  arms  with  alternate 

foot  placing  forward  and  trunk  twisting.  "Arms  forward  bend  and  left  foot 
forward— place !  Trunk  twisting  to  left— one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to 
right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  even  rhythm:  To  the  left- 
begin!  And  stop!"  5.  Arm  bending  and  stretching,  one  sideways,  the  other 
downward  (uneven  rhythm).  "Arms — bend!  Left  arm  sideways,  right  arm 
downward — stretch!  Change  of  arms  on  two  counts — one!  Two!  Continue 
in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready— begin !"  *6.  Hip  grasp  st.  oblique 
charge.  (Demonstrate  before  commanding  attention.)  "Half  right — face! 
Hands  on  hips— place!  Oblique  charge,  left— one!  Two!  Repeat,  1—2. 
Left — face!  Oblique  charge,  right — one!  Two!"  7.  Hip  grasp  one-half  st. 
(leg  sideways),  cut  step  sideways  and  hop.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left 
leg  sideways — raise!  Cut  right  sideways — one!  Hop  on  right — two!  Keep  it 
going  in  rhythm :  Ready— go!  Class,  halt!" 

•May  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  XIII — *1.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  heel  raising  (r).  "Heel 
raising  with  (placing  of)  hands  on  neck:  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  *2.  Arm 
bending  and  stretching  sideways  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways  and 
knee  bending.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Arm  stretching 
sideways  with  quick  knee  bending — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on 
four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  And 
stop!"  3.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  upward  with  backward  moving  of  head 
and  chest  raising.  "Arms — bend!  Arm  stretching  upward  with  backward 
moving  of  head  and  chest  raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  toe  st.  alternate 
knee  upward  bending.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise!  Alternate 
knee  upward  bending:  With  the  left — begin!  Class,  halt!"  5.  Cross  (a) 
stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  flinging  sideways. 
"Arms  forward  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  sideways, 
left — one!  Two!  Arm  flinging  sideways — three!  Four!  Same  to  right  on 
four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  —  — :  To  the  left — 

begin!  And  stop!"  t6.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing 
forward,  and  forward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  for- 
ward— place!  Trunk  bending  forward — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right 
on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Kee£  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  And 
stop!"  7.  Arm  bending  and  stretching,  one  upward,  the  other  downward. 
"Arms — bend!  Left  arm  upward,  right  arm  downward— stretch !  Change  of 
arms  on  two  counts — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  uneven 
time:  Ready — begin!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  crossing  of  feet. 
(Demonstrate  first.)  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  with  crossing  of 
feet,  left  in  front  first:  Ready — go!  Class,  halt!"  (on  toes,  heels  together). 

•May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  XIV — 1.  Cross  (a)  st.  arm  flinging  with  knee  bending  (heels  off). 
"Arms  forward — bend!  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  off) 
in  this  time  (demonstrate) :  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  2.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b) 
st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left 
foot  forward^ — place!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one! 
Two!  Hands  on  neck  and  feet — change!"  3.  Bend  stride  st.  forward-down- 
ward bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  upward.  "Arms  bend 
and  feet  sideways — place!  Forward-downward  bending  of  trunk — one!  Two! 


85 

Arm  stretching  upward — three!  Four!  Continue  in  this  rhythm:  - 
Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot 
placing  outward,  and  trunk  twisting.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  outward — 
place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on 
four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  even  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin! 
And  stop!"  *5.  Hip  grasp  st.  balance  steps  with  knee  upward  bending  and 
stretching  downward.  "Hands  on  hip';— place!  Knee  upward  bending  with  the 
left — one!  Stretching  downward — two!  Step  forward — three!  (and  hold).'' 
Repeat  above  with  the  right.  Try  later  in  rhythm.  f6.  Placing  of  hands  on 
hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  side  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands 
on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to 'left — one!  Two! 
Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time 
(demonstrate):  To  the  left — begin!"  7.  Arm  bending  with  oblique  charge. 
(See  Lesson  12.)  "Half  right — face!  Arm  bending  with  oblique  charge: 
Left — one!  Two!"  Repeat:  "Left — face!"  Repeat  charge  on  other  side. 
8.  Hip  grasp  st.  cut  step  backward,  alternating  with  a  hop  and  leg  swinging 
forward.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  leg  forward — raise!  Cut  right  back- 
ward— one!  Hop  on  left  and  swing  right  forward — two!  Cut  left  backward — 
one — .  Hop  on  right  and  swing  left  forward — two!  Keep  it  up  in  this  rhythm-. 
— :  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!" 

*May  be  alternated  with  3.       fMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  XV  (Review) — 1.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  heel  raising  (Lesson 
13,  Ex.  1),  or  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  arm 
stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising  (Lesson  11,  Ex.  1).  2.  Arm  flinging 
forward,  sideways  (palms  up),  and  downward  with  backward  moving  of  head 
(Lesson  11,  Ex.  3).  3.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching 
tipward  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  3).  4.  One-half  hip,  one-half  neck  grasp  stride  st. 
side  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  9,  Ex.  7).  or  forward  bending  of  arms  with 
alternate  foot  placing  forward,  and  trunk  twisting  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  4). 
5.  Hip  grasp  toe  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending  (Lesson  9,  Ex.  6).  6.  Hip 
grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  crossing  of  feet  (Lesson  13,  Ex.  8),  or  Hip  grasp 
st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward  and  backward,  passing  through 
toe  st.  position  each  time  (Lesson  11,  Ex.  8). 

B.     Suggestive  Relief  Periods. 

1.  Group  I. 

a.  Morning — (l)Bend  st.  slow-  arm  stretching  upward  (resisting).     (2)  Heel 
raising  with  turning  of  palms  and  chest  raising   (Lesson  1,  Ex.  3).     (3)   Hip 
(neck)  grasp  close  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  4,  Ex.  4). 

b.  Morning — (1)   Marching  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  1).     (2)   Boy  Scout  trot   (Grade 
V,  relief  periods.  Group  III).     (3)   Grasp  sitting,  backward  moving  head  with 
•chest  expansion  (Grade  III,  Lesson  4,  Ex.  6). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)   Diving — mimetic  exercise  (Grade  VI,  Xo.  2).     (2)  Bowl- 
ing— mimetic  exercises  (Grade  VI.  Xo.  5).     (3)  Broad  jump  (mimetic  exercise. 
Xo.  9). 

2.  Group  II. 

a.  Morning — (1)  Walk  (b)  st.  arm  flinging  forward-sideways  (one  move- 
ment) and  sinking  downward  (Grade  II,  Lesson  7,  Ex.  3).  Try  in  rhythm. 
(2)  Cross  (d)  st.  arm  and  heel  raising,  with  backward  moving  of  head,  and 
deep  breathing.  (3)  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending  (Lesson  4. 
Ex.  6). 

c.  Morning — (1)  Running  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  1).  (2)  Jump  on  toes  with  foot 
placing  sideways  and  hand  clapping  (Grade  II,  Lesson  13,  Ex.  6).  (3)  Deep 
breathing  with  backward  moving  of  head. 

c.     Afternoon — (1)   Fencing  (mimetic  exercise.  Xo.  8).     (2)   Pitcher's  throw 


86 

(Grade  V,  mimetic  exercises,  No.  9).     (3)   Hip  grasp  one-half  st.    (leg  side- 
ways), cut  step  and  hop  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  7). 

3.     Group  III. 

a.  Morning — (1)    Stride  st.  arm  circumduction  in  rhythm    (three  counts)* 
arm  raising  forward-upward  (count  1),  sideways  to  shoulder  height  (count  2). 
Down  to  sides  (count  3).     (2)  Walk  (b)  st.  turning  of  palms  with  raising  and 
deep  breathing.     (3)  Hip  grasp  st.  stooping  to  touch  floor,  alternating  with 
change  of  hands  to  neck  grasp  and  return. 

b.  Morning — (1)    Marching    (Lesson    1,   Ex.    1).     (2)    Running    (Lesson   2, 
Ex.  1).     (3)  Balance  marching  (Lesson  11,  No.  6). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)  Basket  ball  throw  (mimetic  exercise,  No.  4).     (2)   Golf 
(mimetic  exercise,  No.  6).     (3)  Crouching  start  (mimetic  exercise,  No.  10). 

C.  Mimetic  Exercises. 

1.  'Archery. 

2.  *Bowling.     (Grade  VI,  mimetic  exercises,  No.  5). 

3.  Pitcher's  throw.     (Grade  V,  mimetic  exercises,  No.  9.) 

4.  Basket  ball  throw  overhead — "Bend  down  and  pick  up  basket  ball — onef 
Bring  the  ball  to  the  chest — two!     Throw  the  ball  in  direction  of  basket, 
extending  both  arms  diagonally  forward-upward,  and  springing  slightly  into 
the  air  to  give  "push"  to  the  throw — three!     Position — four!" 

5.  Infielder's  catch  and  throw.     (Grade  VI,  No.  9.) 

6.  Golf — Stride  st.  grasping  club  firmly  and  looking  at  ball   (counts  1,  2). 
Address  the  ball,  making  a  short  preliminary   swing   (counts  3,  4).     Swing 
up  on  right  side,  keeping  eye  on  ball  (counts  5,  6).     Drive  and  follow  through 
to  same  position  on  left  side,  watching  the  ball  in  its  flight   (counts  7.  8). 
Return  to  starting  position. 

7.  •Twister. 

8.  'Fencing. 

9.  Standing   broad   jump — "Raise   the   arms    forward    to    shoulder    height 
(palms  down) — one!     Swing  arms  upward — two!     Swing  arms  forward-down- 
ward and  backward,  at  the  same  time  bending  both  knees  (heels  off  and  weight 
of    body    inclined    forward — three!      Jump    forward,    landing    on    toes,    heela 
together,  knees  bent,  and    arms    stretched    forward    shoulder    height — four! 
Position — five ! " 

10.  Crouching    start — "On    your    mark!"     (Draw    definite    starting    line. 
Hands  should  be  placed  on  this  line  about  14  inches  apart,  and  about  4  inches 
in  front  of  the  left  foot — which  is  flat  on  the  floor  pointing  directly  ahead. 
Both  knees  are  bent,  the  right  knee  touching  the  floor  a  little  bit  to  one  side 
and  back  of  the  great  toe  of  the  left  foot.     The  toe  of  the  right' foot  points 
directly  ahead,  pressing  hard  on  the  floor.)     "Get  set!"     (Stretch  and  raise 
the  right  knee  from  the  floor  about  four  inches  and  incline  the  weight  forward, 
well  over  the  hands — back  almost  horizontal,  eyes  looking  well  ahead.)    "Go!"^ 
(Give  a  quick  push  forward  with  the  rear  foot,  and  advance  four  or  five 
strides.    The  first  step  is  taken  with  the  rear  or  right  foot.)     Repeat  the  first 
two  parts  a  number  of  times  before  giving  the  signal  for  advance. 

•Descriptions  may  be  found  in  "Health,  Strength  and  Power" — D.  A.  Sargent. 

D.  *Games  and  Plays.     (Boys  and  girls  segregated.) 

.  Playground — Three  Deep.  Vis-a-Vis.  Fox  and  Geese.  Last  Couple  Out. 
Jacob  and  Rachael.  Cockfight  (Boys).  Chicken  Market.  Maze  Tag.  Center 
Catch  Ball.  Wand  Tug-of-War.  Line  Club  Bowls.  Stool  Ball.  Zigzag  Over- 
head Toss.  Over  and  Under  (Boys).  Circle  Relay  Pass  Ball.  Handkerchief 
Relay.  Baseball  Relay.  Jump  Rope  Relay.  Throw  and  Catch  Relay.  Jump 
Rope  Shuttle.  Battle  Ball.  Corner  Ball.  End  Ball.  Long  Base.  German 
Bat  Ball.  Volley  Ball.  Punch  Ball.  Pin  Ball.  Baseball.  Soccer  Football. 
Classroom — Last  Man.  Corner  Spry.  Prince  of  Paris.  Overtake.  Circle- 


•For  descriptions  see  Bancroft  and  other  references,  pages  33-4. 


87 

Seat  Relay.  Hop  and  Pull.  Black  and  White.  All-up  Relay.  (Games  after 
•"Maze  Tag"  require  apparatus.  Games  from  "Over  and  Under"  to  "Jump  Rope 
Shuttle,"  relays.  Games  after  "Jump  Rope  Shuttle"  are  team  games.) 

•'Constructive  Plays — Sewing,  clay  modeling,  carpenter  (boats,  carts,  houses, 
«tc. ) . 

Nurture  Plays — Gardens,  pets,  farming. 

**Othcr  Plays — Collecting,  hunting,  hikes,  nature  excursions,  cooking  and 
fishing,  gymnastic  stunts,  field  and  track  athletics,  wrestling  and  boxing,  out- 
door sports,  such  as  hockey,  tennis,  skating,  etc.,  quoits,  chess,  checkers,  pho- 
tography, bicycling. 


* 'Reprinted  from  "The  Playground"  with  permission. 

E.    Dances.t 

.Three  Dance  (Bl.  2)4  Crested  Hen  (Bl.  2)4  Bobbing  Joe  (-B1.  2).§  Sailor's 
Hornpipe  (Bl.  1)4§  Irish  Lilt  (Cp.  T)4  Highland  Schottische  (Cp.  1)4 
Swedish  Polka  (Bl.  1)4  The  Hatter  (Bl.  4)4  The  Tinker's  Dance  (Bl.  4)4 
Rufty  Tufty  (Shp.)4  Clown  Dance  (Caskey)§  Virginia  Reel.  Slovak  Polk 
Dance  (Chalif).  Normandische  Dance  (Chalif).  Wooden  Shoes  (Chalif). 
Yankee  Caprice.  Utushka. 

tFor  abbreviations  see  page  30. 
$On  talking  machine  record. 
§  Suitable  for  boys. 

GRADE  VIII. 
A.     Gymnastic  Drills. 

[The  following  lessons  include  exercises  progressively  arranged,  each  having  a 
particular  purpose.  In  general  the  exercises  are  .given  in  two  parts:  The  first 
includes  the  name  of  the  exercise,  and  describes  concisely  what  is  desired  for 
complete  execution.  The  second  part,  in  quotations,  suggests  the  commands  to  "be 
used.  The  final  command,  the  signal  for  execution,  is  printed  in  heavy  type. 
For  detailed  explanations  of  starting  positions  and  movements  see  Chapter  II, 
"Exercise  in  Detail."] 

Lesson  I — Standing  and  sitting  on  one  command.  "Ready — stand!  Ready — 
sit!''  *1.  Marking  time  and  marching.  "Mark  time — march!  Class,  halt!  Every 
other  row  about — face!  (Every  two  rows  march  around  one  row  of  desks.) 
Class  forward — march!  Class,  halt!"  *2.  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel 
raising.  "Arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising  (in  rhythm) — begin!  Stop!" 

3.  Turning 'of  hands  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising.     "Turn- 
ing of  hands  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising — one!   Two!'' 

4.  Bend  st.   stooping,  alternating  with  arm   stretching  downward.     "Arms — 
bend!    Stoop  down  and  return — one!  Two!    Arm  stretching  downward — three! 
Four!     Keep   it    up    in    this    rhythm    (demonstrate)  :      Ready — begin!      And 
stop!"     5.  Stride   st.   sideways  bending  of  trunk  with  opposite  arm  flinging 
sideways-upward  (other  hand  slides  down  leg).     "Feet  sideways — place!    Side 
bending  of  trunk  to  left  with  right  arm  flinging  sideways-upward — one!  Two! 
Same  to  right — three!   Four!     Keep  it  up  in  fairly  slow  rhythm:     To  the 
left — begin!     And  stop!"     6.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways  and  down- 
ward in  uneven  rhythm.     "Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways  and  down- 
ward in  this  time   (demonstrate) :     Ready — begin!"    7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump 
on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways.    "Hands  on  hips — place!     Jumping  on  toes 
Avith  foot  placing  sideways:    Ready — begin!     Class,  halt!"  (on  toes). 

*May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  II — *1.  Running.  Circle  formation.  "Class  forward — march!  On 
toes — march!  Quick  time — march!  Common  time — march!"  (one,  two,  three, 
four).  *2.  Placing  of  hand  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and 
lieel  raising.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Heel  raising — 
one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up 
in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Bend  st.  backward  moving 
of  head  with  chest  raising.  "Arms — bend!  Backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward  bending  left  and 


right  without  stopping  at  change.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  knee  upward 
bending — begin!  And  right!  Left!  Right!  And  stop!"  5.  Bend  stride  st. 
side  bending  of  trunk.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bend- 
ing to  left — one!  Two!  Right— three —  Four!  Keep  it  up  in  slow  rhythm: 
To  the  left — begin!  Stop!"  6.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising  and  knee  bending 
(uneven  rhythm).  "Hands  on  hips— place!  Heels — raise!  Knees — bend! 
Stretch!  Heels — sink!  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  (1,  2 — 3,  4), 
Ready — begin!  Stop!"  |7.  Cross  (a)  stride  st.  trunk  twisting,  alternating 
with  arm  flinging  sideways.  "Arms  forward  bend  and  feet  sideways — place! 
Tnmk  twisting  to  left — one!  two!  Arm  flinging  sideways — three!  Four! 
Same  to  right,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  And 
stop!"  8.  Free  jump  forward.  (Demonstrate  on  five  counts;  (1)  heel  raising; 
(2)  knee  bending;  (3)  jump  forward  with  arm  flinging  (backward)  forward- 
backward;  (4)  knee  stretching;  (5)  heel  sinking):  "Ready— one!  Two! 
Three!  Four!  Five!" 


•May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  III — 1.  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Arm 
flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending— one!  Two!  Xow  keep  it  up  in  rhythm: 
Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  2.  Xeck1  grasp  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising.  "Hands  on  neck — place!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest 
raising — one!  Two!"  3.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  forward-downward  bending  of 
trunk  (c).  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  forward- 
downward — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!"  *4.  Arm  bending  with  alter- 
nate foot  placing  sideways,  and  trunk  twisting.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot 
sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to 
right  on  four  counts,  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  even  rhythm:  To  the  left — 
begin!"  -[5.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  downward  in  uneven 
rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  downward  in  this  time 
(demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  i6.  Hip  grasp  toe  st.  march 
steps  forward  and  backward.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise!  March 
steps  forward  with  the  left-^-one!  Right — two!  Repeat:  1 — 2.  Stepping 
backward:  Right — one!  Two!"  7.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk, 
alternating  with  arm  flinging  sideways.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — 
place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Arm  flinging  sideways — three! 
Four!  Repeat  to  right:  1 — 2 — 3 — 1.  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate): 
To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot 
placing  forward-backward.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  with  foot 
placing  forward-backward  (left  foot  forward  first):  Ready — go!  Class, 
halt!"  (on  toes,  with  heels  together). 

•May  be  alternated  with  7.       tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  IV — *1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising.  "Arms — 
bend!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising  in  sharp,  quick  rhythm: 
Ready — begin!  Stop!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot 
placing  sideways,  and  knee  bending.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — 
place!  Knee  bending — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts: 
1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm  :  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Arm 
flinging  forward-sideways  (palms  up)  with  backward  moving  of  head,  and 
downward  (r).  "Arm  flinging  forward— one!  Sideways,  palms  up  (head 
moves  backward) — two!  Downward — three!  Keep  it  up  in  uneven  rhythm, 
sharp  movements  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  4.  Bend  close  st. 
forward  bending  of  trunk.  "Arms  bend  and  feet — close!  Trunk  forward — 
bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!"  5.  Xeck  grasp  stride  st.  trunk  twisting 
all  the  way  in  one  movement.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place! 
Trunk  to  left — twist!  All  the  way  to  right---one!  To  left — two!  Keep  it 
up  in  this  slow,  even  time  —  — :  To  the  right— begin!  And  stop!''  0.  Hip 
grasp  close  one-half  hook  st.  change  of  feet  on  one  count.  "Hands  on  hips 


89 

and  feet — close!  Left  knee  upward — bend!  With  a  jump,  feet — change! 
Again — one!  Two!"  |7.  Bend  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with 
arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place !  Trunk 
bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  sideways — three!  Four!  Same 
to  right:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  To  the  left — 
begin!  And  stop!"  8.  St.  free  jump  sideways.  (Demonstrate:  (1)  heel 
raising;  (2)  knee  bending;  (3)  jump  to  left  with  arm  flinging  (right)  left — to 
side;  (4)  knee  stretching!  (5)  heel  sinking).  "Jump  to  left:  One!  Two! 
Three!  Four!  Five!"'  Same  to  right. 

•May  be  alternated.     tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  V  (Review) — 1.  Running  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  1).  2.  Arm  flinging  side- 
ways with  knee  bending  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  1).  3.  Neck  grasp  st.  backward 
moving  of  head  with  chest  raising  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  2).  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee 
upward  bending  left  and  right  without  stopping  at  change  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  4). 
•5.  Stride  st.  sideways  bending  of  trunk  with  opposite  arm  flinging  sideways- 
upward  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  5),  or  Cross  (a)  stride  st.  trunk  twisting,  alternating 
with  arm  flinging  sideways  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  7).  6.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising 
and  knee  bending  (uneven  rhythm)  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  6).  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump 
on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  8),  or  Hip  grasp 
st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  (Lesson  1,  Ex.  7). 

Lesson  VI— *1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward,  and  arm 
stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  forward — 
place!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Po-sition! 
Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  that  up  in  rhythm:  To 
the  left — begin!"  *2.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  alternate  knee  bending  all  the 
way,  in  one  movement.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Left 
knee — bend!  All  the  way  over  to  right — one!  To  left — two!  Repeat:  1 — 2. 
Continue  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  To  the  right — begin!  And  stop!" 
3.  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  upward  with  backward  moving  of  head  and 
•chest  raising.  "Arms — bend!  Arm  stretching  upward  with  backward  moving 
of  head  and  chest  raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Cross  (a)  st.  stooping  and  return 
(r).  "Arms  forward — bend!  Stoop  down  and  touch  floor — one!  Two!  Keep 
it  up  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  5.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck 
with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  trunk  twisting.  "Hands  on  neck 
and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  Po- 
sition! Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  In  rhythm:  To  the 
left — begin!''  6.  Hip  grasp  close  one-half  standing  (leg  sideways),  change  of 
feet  on  one  count.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Left  leg  sideways — 
raise!  With  a  jump,  feet — change!  Again — one!  Two!"  f7.  Neck  grasp 
stride  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  placing  of  hands  on 
hips.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  forward — 
one!  Two!  Placing  hands  on  hips  and  return — three!  Four!  Keep  it  up  in 
rhythm:  Ready— begin!  And  stop!''  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  in  place,  turning 
90°.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  in  place  with  90°  turn  to  left — one! 
Two!  Three!  Four!  Five!" 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  VII — *1.  One  or  two  march  steps  and  facings  left  or  right,  on  one 
count.  "One  step  forward  and  left  face — march!  Right  face  and  two  steps 
forward — march!"  *2.  Bend  stride  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  knee 
bending.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Arm  stretching  sideways 
with  knee  bending — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!'' 

3.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.    "Hands 
on  hips  and  left  foot  forward — place!     Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest 
raising — one!    Two!     Again — one!    Two!     Hands  on  hips  and  feet — change!" 

4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  forward- 


90 

downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways— place  f 
Forward-downward  bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right 
on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3—4.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!" 
5.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk  twisting  all  the  way,  alternating  with  arm  stretching 
sideways.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  to  left — twist!  All 
the  way  to  right — one!  Arm  stretching  sidewrays— two!  Three!  Same  to 
left  on  three  counts:  1 — 2 — 3.  Keep  it  up;  To  the  right — begin!  And  stop!'' 
f6.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending  and  stretching  downward, 
and  balance  steps.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Knee  upward  bending  with  the 
left — one!  Stretching  downward — two!  Step  forward — three!  (and  hold). 
Repeat  with  the  right:  1—2 — 3"  (and  hold).  Try  in  rhythm.  7.  Hip  grasp 
walk  (b)  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  (c).  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  for- 
ward— place!  Trunk  to  the  left — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two!  Hands 
on  hips  and  feet — change!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  cut  step  backward -forward  with 
break  on  seventh  and  eighth  counts.  Demonstrate  before  commanding  atten- 
tion. Start  with  left  leg  raised  in  front.  On  seventh  count  jump  witli  feet 
apart;  on  eighth  count  hop  on  left  and  swing  right  forward.  Repeat  from 
beginning. 


*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  VIII — *1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising.  "Arms — 
bend!  Arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Now  keep  it 
up:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  side 
lunge.  "Placing  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunge:  To  left — one!  Two!  To 
right — three!  Four!  Repeat:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  slow  rhythm:  To  the 
left — begin!"  3.  Cross  (c)  st.  turning  of  hands  with  backward  moving  of 
head.  "Arms  sideways — fling!  Turning  of  hands  with  backward  moving  of 
head — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending.  "Hands 
on  hips — place!  Alternate  knee  upward  bending:  With  the  left — begin! 
Class,  halt!"  5.  One-half  hip,  one-half  neck  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of 
trunk  (three  counts).  "Left  hand  on  hip,  right  hand  on  neck  and  feet  side- 
ways— place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Quick  change  of  hands — 
three!  Same  to  right:  1 — 2 — 3.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate) : 
To  the  left — begin!"  6.  Cross  (a)  walk  (b)  toe  st.  arm  flinging.  "Arms  for- 
ward and  left  foot  forward — place!  Heels — raise!  Arm  flinging — sideways — 
one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Heels — sink!  Arms  forward  bend  and  feet — 
change!"  t7.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  outward,  and  trunk 
twisting.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  outward — place!  Trunk  twisting  to 
left — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2—3 — 1. 
Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st. 
jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways,  and  crossing  of  feet.  (Demonstrate 
first.)  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  and 
crossing  of  feet:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!"  (on  toes  and  with  heels 
together). 

•May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  IX — *1.  Cross  (a)  st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with  alternate  foot 
placing  forward.  "Arms  forward — bend!  /Arm  flinging  sideways  witli  alter- 
nate foot  placing  forward:  Left— one!  Two!  Right— three!  Four!  Keep  it 
up  in  rhythm:  With  the  left— begin!  Stop!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck 
with  alternate  toe  touching  sideways  and  opposite  knee  bending.  "Hands  on 
neck  with  left  toe  touching  sideways  and  right  knee  bending — one!  Two! 
Same  on  other  side— three!  Four!  In  rhythm:  With  the  left- begin!  Stop!'' 
3.  Cross  (d)  st.  arm  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "With  palms 
up,  arms  sideways — fling!  Arm  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head — 
one!  Two!"  4.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  for- 
ward-downward bending  of  trunk.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — place! 
Forward-downward  bending  of  trunk— one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right 


91 

on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!'' 
5.  Neck  grasp  sitting,  trunk  twisting  all  the  way.  "Hands  on  neck — place! 
Trunk  to  left — twist!  All  the  way  to  right — one!  To  left — two!  Keep  it 
going  in  slow,  even  time:  To  the  right — begin!"  f6.  Placing  of  hands  on 
hips"  with  oblique  charge  (c  and  r).  "Half  right — face!  Oblique  charge  with 
(placing  of)  hands  on  hips:  To  the  left — one!  Two!"  Repeat  on  command 
one  or  two  times.  Then  try  in  rhythm,  holding  positions  well.  Repeat  above 
on  right  sfcle.  |7.  One-half  hip,  one-half  neck  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending 
of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  bending  and  change  of  hands  (four  counts). 
Try  rhythmic  repetition.  "Arms — bend!  Left  hand  on  hip,  right  hand  on 
neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Arm 
bending  and  change  of  hands — three!  Four!  Trunk  bending  to  right — one! 
Two!  Three!  Four!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate) :  Ready — begin!" 
8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  forward  and  backward,  feet  together.  (Demon- 
strate before  commanding  attention.)  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes 
forward  and  backward:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!" 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  X  (Review) — 1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward 
and  arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  1).  2.  Placing 
of  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunge  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  2).  3.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b) 
st.  backward  moving  of  head  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  3).  4.  Cross  (a)  st.  stooping 
and  return  (Lesson  6,  Ex.  4).  5.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk  twisting  all  the  way, 
alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  5),  or  Hip  grasp 
walk  (b)  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  7).  6.  Hip  grasp  at.  alter- 
nate knee  upward  bending  and  stretching  downward,  and  balance  steps 
(Lesson  7,  Ex.  6).  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  cut  step  backward-forward  with  break 
on  seventh  and  eighth  counts  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  8),  or  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on 
toes  with  foot  placing  sideways,  and  crossing  of  feet  (Lesson  8,  Ex.  8). 

Lesson  XI — 1.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising  and  knee  bending  (even  and  uneven 
rhythm).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heel  raising  and  knee  bending  in  this 
time  (1—2—3—4):  Ready— begin!  Stop!  Repeat  in  this  rhythm  (1,  2— 
3,  4):  Ready — begin!"  2.  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  sideways,  palms  up, 
with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arms — bend!  Arm  stretching  sideways, 
palms  up,  with  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!"  3.  Hip  grasp  toe  st. 
alternate  knee  upward  bending.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise! 
Alternate  knee  upward  bending:  With  the  left — begin!  Class,  halt!"  4. 
Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  side  bending  of  trunk. 
"Arms  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two! 
Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this 
rhythm  -  — :  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  *5.  Arm  bending  and 

stretching,  one  sideways,  the  other  downward  (rhythm).  "Arms — bend!  Left 
arm  sideways,  right  arm  downward — stretch!  Change  of  arms — one! 
Two!  Continue  in  this  time  (1,  2— 51,  2):  Ready — begin!"  f6.  Placing  of 
hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward,  and  trunk  twisting. 
"Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one! 
Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Now  keep  it 
up  in  rhythm:  With  the  left — begin!  Stop!"  7.  Hip  grasp,  toe  support, 
charge  position.  "Feet — close!  Toe  support,  charge  position:  With  hands 
on  hips  and  left  foot  back — one!  Two!  With  right  foot  back — three!  Four! 
Repeat:  Left— one!  Two!  Right— three!  Four!  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on 
toes  with  foot  placing  sideways,  alternating  with  foot  placing  forward-back- 
ward. "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  with  feet  apart — one!  Feet  together — 
two!  Jump  with  left  foot  forward  and  right  backward — three!  Feet  together 
— four!  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!"  (on  toes). 

*May  be  alternated  with  7.       tMay  be  alternated  with   4. 


92 

Lesson  XII — 1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  arm 
stretching  sideways  with  knee  bending.  "Anns  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — 
place!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with  knee  bending — one!  Two!  Po-sition! 
Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Now  keep  it  up:  To  the  left- 
begin!"  2.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest 
raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Backward  moving  of 
head  with  chest  raising — one !  Two !  Repeat  1 — 2.  Hands  on  neck  and  feet- 
change!"  3.  Bend  (wide)  stride  st.  downward  bending,  touching  floor,  alter- 
nating with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Anns  bend  and  feet  sideways — place ! 
Downward  bending,  touching  floor— one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  downward — 
three!  Four!  Continue  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  4.  Placing  of 
hands  on  hips  with  forward  charge.  "Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  forward 
charge.  Left — one  Two!  Right — three!  Four!"  *5.  Arm  bending  and  stretch- 
ing upward,  sideways,  and  downward  in  uneven  rhythm.  "Ann  bending  and 
stretching  upward,  sideways,  and  downward  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — 

begin!  And  stop!"  *6.  Hip  grasp  close  one-half  st.  (leg  forward)  bending 
of  opposite  knee.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Left  leg  forward — raise! 
Right  knee — bend!  Stretch!  Again — one!  Two!  With  a  jump,  feet — change!" 
Repeat  knee  bending.  |7.  One-half  hip,  one-half  stretch  stride  st.  side  bending 
of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  bending  and  change  of  hands.  "Anns— bend! 
Left  hand  on  hip,  right  hand  overhead  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk 
bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Arm  bending  and  change  of  hands — three!  Four! 
Trunk  bending  to  right— one!  Two!  Change  of  arms:  Three!  Four!  Con- 
tinue in  this  time  —  — :  To  the  left — begin!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping 
on  toes  with  crossing  of  feet  (each  time).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump 
on  toes  with  crossing  of  feet:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!"  (on  toes). 

*May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  XIII — *1.  Reach  st.  arm  flinging  upward  with  heel  raising.  "Anns, 
forward — raise!  Arm  flinging  upward  with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Now 
keep  it  going:  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with 
side  lunge.  "Side  lunge  with  hands  on  neck:  To  left — one!  Two!  Right — 
three!  Four!  Keep  it  up  in  this  rhythm  -  — :  Ready — begin!  And 

stop!"  3.  Walk  (b)  st.  arm  raising  sideways,  palms  up,  with  backward 
moving  of  head.  "Left  foot  forward— place !  Arm  raising  sideways,  palms 
up,  with  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Repeat:  1 — 2.  Feet — 
change!"  4.  Hip  grasp  close  st.  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk  (c). 
"Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Trunk  forward-downward — bend!  Raise! 
Again — one!  Two!"  |5.  Cross  (a)  stride  st.  trunk  twisting  all  the  way  left 
and  right,  alternating  with  arm  flinging  sideways.  "Arms  forward  bend  and 
feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one!  Arm  flinging  sideways — 
two!  Three!  Same  to  right — one!  Two!  Three!  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To 
the  left — begin!"  f6.  Arm  bending  with  oblique  charge*.  "Half  right — 
face!  Arm  bending  with  left  oblique  charge — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  this 
time  —  — :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!  Left — face!"  Repeat  above  on 
other  side.  7.  Hip  grasp  sitting,  backward  leaning  of  trunk.  "Hands  on 
hips — place!  Backward  leaning  of  tnmk — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two! 
Again — one!  Two!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on  toes  with  foot  placing 
alternately  left  and  right  (feet  together).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on 
toes  with  foot  placing  left  and  right:  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!'' 

•May  be  alternated.       TMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  XIV — *1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and 
arm  stretching  \ipward  with  heel  raising.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  side- 
ways— place!  Arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Po- 
sition! Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — I.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm: 
To  the  left — begin!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunge,  and 
alternate  knee  bending  (four  counts).  "Side  lunge  with  hands  on  hips:  Left — 


93 

one!     Alternate  knee  bending — two!   three!     Position!     Same  to  right:   1 — 
2 — 3 — 4.    Keep  it  up  in  this  time  —         — :     To  the  left — begin!     And  stop!" 

3.  Arm  circumduction  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising.    "Arm 
circumduction  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising — one!  Two!" 

4.  Hip  grasp  toe  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending.    "Hands  on  hips — place! 
Heels — raise!      Alternate    knee    upward    bending:      With    the    left — begin! 
Class,  halt!"     f5.  Cross   (a)   walk   (a)   twist  st.  arm  flinging  sideways    (e). 
"Arms  forward  bend  and  left  foot  outward — place!     Trunk  to  left — twist! 
Arm  flinging  sideways — one!    Two!     Repeat:    1 — 2.     Trunk  forward — twist! 
Arms  forward  bend  and  feet — change!     To  right — twist!"  etc.    f6.  Placing  of 
hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot   placing  sideways   and   side   bending  of 
trunk.     "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place!     Trunk  bending  to 
left — one!  Two!    Po-sition!    Same  to  right  on  four  counts :    1 — 2 — 3 — 4.    Keep 
it  up  in  this  time  -          — :     To  left — begin!     Stop!"    7.  Arm  bending  and 
stretching,  one  upward,  the  other  downward  (uneven  rhythm).   "Arms — bend! 
Left  arm  upward,  right  arm  downward— stretch !     Change  of  arms  on  two 
counts — one!   Two!     Keep  it  up  in  this  time  -  — :     Ready — begin!" 
8.  Arm  bending  with  forward  charge.     "Arm  bending  with  forward^  charge: 
Left — one  Two!    Right — three!  Four!    Keep  it  up  in  this  rhythm  —  — : 
With  the  left— begin!     Stop!" 

*May  be  alternated.      fMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  XV  (Review) — 1.  Reach  st.  'arm  flinging  upward  with  heel  raising 
(Lesson  13,  Ex.  1).  2.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  arm 
stretching  sideways  with  knee  bending  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  1).  3.  Neck  grasp 
walk  (b)  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  2). 
4.  Bend  (wide)  stride  st.  downward  bending  of  trunk  to  touch  floor,  alter- 
nating with  arm  stretching  downward  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  3).  5.  Placing  of  hands 
on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward,  and  trunk  twisting  (Lesson  11, 
Ex.  6),  or  Neck  grasp  sitting,  trunk  twisting  all  the  way  (Lesson  9,  Ex.  5). 
6.  Arm  bending  with  oblique  charge  (Lesson  13,  Ex.  6),  or  Hip  grasp  toe 
support  charge  position  (Lesson  11,  Ex.  7).  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on  toes 
forward  and  backward  (feet  together)  (Lesson  9,  Ex.  8),  or  Hip  grasp  st. 
jumping  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways,  alternating  left  and  right  (feet 
together)  (Lesson  13,  Ex.  8). 

B.    Suggestive  Relief  Periods. 

1.  Group  I. 

a.  Morning — (1)   Walk  (b)   st. — arm  flinging  forward-sideways  (one  move- 
ment) and  sinking  downward  (Grade  II,  Lesson  7,  Ex.  3).     (2)  Cross  (d)  st. — 
arm  and  heel  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing.     (3) 
Bend  st. — stooping  to  touch  floor,  alternating  with  change  of  hands  to  hip 
grasp  and  back  to  bend  position. 

b.  Morning — (1)    Zigzag  marching — marking  time,   halting,   toe   marching, 
etc.     (2)  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  downward  (uneven  rhythm) 
(Lesson  3,   Ex.   5).     (3)    Bend  sitting — slow  arm   stretching   downward   with 
backward  moving  of  head  with  deep  breathing. 

c.  Afternoon — (1)  Fencing  (mimetic  exercise,  No.  5).     (2)  Batting  (mimetic 
exercise,  Grade  V.  No.  10).     (3)  Crouching  start  (mimetic  exercise,  Grade  VIL 
No.  10). 

2.  Group  II. 

a.  Morning — (1)   (Stride)  st. — arm  circumduction  in  rhythm  (three  counts). 
(Grade  VII,  Relief  Period,  III.)      (2)    Walk   (b)    st.— tiirning  of  palms  with 
heel   raising   and   deep   breathing.     (3)    Hip   grasp    (toe)    st.    alternate    knee 
upward  bending  (Lesson  8-4,  11-3). 

b.  Morning — (1)  Running  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  1).     (2)  Balance  marching  (Grade 


94 

VI,  Lesson  12,  Ex.  6).     (3)  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on  toes  with  crossing  of 
feet  each  time  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  8). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)  Diving  (mimetic  exercise,  No.  8).  (2)  Wig-wag  (mimetic 
<?xercise,  No.  7).  (3)  Broad  jump  (Grade  VII,  mimetic  exercise,  No.  9). 

3.    Group  III. 

a.  Morning — (1)  Bend  st. — arm  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising  (Les- 
son 8,  Ex.  1).     (2)   Reach  walk  (b)   arm  parting  with  backward  moving  of 
head   and   deep   breathing.     (3)    Neck   grasp   close    st. — forward   bending   of 
trunk. 

b.  Morning — (1)    Marching.     (2)    Running.     (3)    Arm   circumduction   with 
backward  moving  of  head  and  deep  breathing  (Lesson  14,  No.  3). 

c.  Afternoon — (1)    Basket  ball   throw  over  head   and   for   foul    (mimetic 
exercises,  Grade  VII,  No.  4;  Grade  VI,  No.  8).     (2)  Golf  (Grade  VH,  mimetic 
exercise,  No.  6).     (3)  Shot  put  (mimetic  exercise,  No.  6). 

C.  Mimetic  Exercises. 

1.  Ba'sket  ball  free  throw  for  foul.     (Grade  VI,  No.  8.) 

2.  Batting.     (Grade  V,  No.  10).  v  ^ 

3.  Basket  ball  overhead.     (Grade  VII,  No.  4.) 

4.  Golf.     (Grade  VII.  No.  6.) 

5.  *Fencing. 

6.  Shot-put — "Bend  the  right  knee  and  extend  the  left  leg  forward,  toe  just 
touching  the  floor.     At  the  same  time  bring  the  right  hand,  holding  shot,  in 
front  of  the  right  shoulder,  and  extend  the  left  arm  diagonally  forward.    The 
weight  of  the  body  should  be  well  back  on  right  foot — one!     Spring  forward 
with  a  little  hop,  keeping  above  position,  weight   still  back — two!     Jump, 
reversing  the  position  of  the  feet  (the  right  foot  forward,  the  left  foot  back, 
both  legs  straight,  and  the  weight  of  the  body  on  the  right  foot),  and  at  the 
same  time  pushing  the  right  arm  diagonally  and  completely  forward — three! 
Position — four ! " 

7.  Wig-wag — Alternate   leg   flinging   sideways   with   opposite   arm   flinging 
sideways  upward. 

8.  *Diving. 

!).     Crouching  start.     (Grade  VII,  No.  10.) 
10.     Standing  broad  jump.     (Grade  VII,  No.  9.) 

•Descriptions  may  be  found  in  "Health,  Strength  and  Power" — D.  A.  Sargent. 

D.  Games  and  Sports — (Boys  and  girls  segregated.)     Apparatus  necessary 
for  practically  all  the  games.     For  descriptions  see  Bancroft  and  other  refer- 
ences, pages  33-34. 

Playground — Bag  Tag.  Slipper  Slap.  Bombardment.  Pig  in  the  Hole.  Zig- 
zag I  and  II.  Medicine  and  Arch  Balls.  Pass  and  Toss  Relay.  Ten  Trips.  Arch 
Goal  Ball.  Throw  and  Catch  Relay.  Odd  Man's  Cap.  Japanese  Crab  Race. 
Obstacle  Race.  Potato  Race.  Jump  Rope  Race.  Hurdle  and  Jump  Relay. 
Indian  Club  Race.  Battle  Ball.  End  Ball.  Corner  Ball.  Captain  Ball.  Pin  Ball. 
Basket  Ball.  German  Bat  Ball.  Volley  Ball.  Long  Base.  Punch  Ball.  Boston 
Ball.  Playground  Ball.  Indoor  and  Outdoor  Baseball.  Soccer  Football.  Hockey. 
(Games  after  "Indian  Club  Race"  are  team  games.) 

Classroom — Last  Man.  Home  Run.  Corner  Spry.  Overtake.  Line  Ball. 
Fetch  and  Carry  Relay.  Bend  and  Stretch  Relay.  Schoolroom  Captain  Ball. 

Constructive  Plays — Sewing,  modeling,  drawing,  carpentery,  etc. 

Nurture  Plays — Grade  VII. 

Other  Plays — Field  and  track  athletics,  wrestling  and  boxing,  gymnastic  feats, 
hunting,  tramping,  fishing,  out-of-door  sports,  such  as  swimming,  rowing,  sailing, 
tennis,  golf,  hand  ball,  bicycling,  quoits,  checkers,  chess,  photography. 

E.  Dances.f 

Highland  Fling  (Bl.  2  &  Cp.  I).tJ  Irish  Jig  (Bl.  1).JJ  Kamarinskaia  (Cp.  I 
&  Bl.  l).tj  Foursome  Reel  (Bl.  1).J5  Sword  Dance  (Bl.  2). 5  Rigs-o'Marlow 


95 

(Shp.).JS  Clown  Dance  (Caskey).§  Athletic  Pageant  (Caskey).}  Hunsdon 
House  (Shp.).t  Four  Dance  (Bl.  2)4  Verona  Minuet  (Gl.).  Varsovienne 
(Gl  ).  Old  Welsh  Dance  (Chalif).  Swedish  Schottische.  Skaters.  Krakoviak. 
Portland  Fancy.  Tourdlon  (Chalif).  Tatra  (Chalif). 

tFor  abbreviations  see  page  30. 
tOn  talking  machine  record. 
§  Suitable  also  for  boys. 

HIGH  SCHOOL. 

First  year  (see  Grade  VII). 
Second  year  (see  Grade  VIII). 

Third  Year. 

A.     Gymnastic  Drills. 

The  following  lessons  include  exercises  progressively  arranged,  each  having  a 
particular  purpose.  In  general  the  exercises  are  given  in  two  parts:  The  first 
includes  the  name  of  the  exercise,  and  describes  concisely  what  is  desired  for 
complete  execution.  The  second  part,  in  quotations,  suggests  the  commands  to  Ite 
used.  The  final  command,  the  signal  for  execution,  is  printed  in  heavy  type. 
For  detailed  explanations  of  starting  positions  and  movements  see  Chapter  11, 
"Exercise  in  Detail." 

Lesson  I — 1.  Hand  clapping  over  head  with  heel  raising.  "Hand  clapping 
over  head  with  heel  raising  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin! 
And  stop!"  2.  Arm  flinging  forward  with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Arm 
flinging  forward  with  knee  bending,  heels  off,  in  rhythm — begin!"  3.  Hands 
on  chest,  quick  arm  rotation  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Hands  on 
chest — place!  Quick  arm  rotation  with  backward  moving  of  head — one! 
Two!"  4.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward. 
"Arms  upward — bend!  Stoop  down  to  touch  floor — one!  Up — two!  Arm 
stretching  downward — three!  Four!  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm — begin!  Stop!'' 
5."  Stride  st.  alternate  side  bending  of  trunk  with  opposite  arm  flinging 
sideways-upward.  "With  a  jump,  feet  sideways — place!  Side  bending  of 
trunk  with  opposite  arm  flinging  sideways -upward  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  : 
To  the  left — begin!  Stop!"  6.  Knee  upward  bending,  left  and  right,  grasping 
knee.  (Demonstrate  first.)  "Ready,  with  the  left — begin!"  7.  Hip  grasp  st. 
jumping  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump- 
ing on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  in  this  time  (demonstrate) :  Ready- 
begin!  Class,  halt!" 

Lesson  II — 1.  Hand  clapping  overhead  with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Hand 
clapping  overhead  with  knee  bending,  heels  off,  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  : 
Ready — begin!  Stop!"  2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing- 
sideways.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Po-sition!  Same 
to  the  right — one!  Two!  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  With  the  left — begin! 
Stop!"  3.  Arm  flinging  sideways  (palms  up)  with  backward  moving  of  head. 
"Arm  flinging  sideways  with  backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Again- 
one!  Two!"  4.  Wide  stride  st.  downward  bending  of  trunk,  touching  floor, 
with  sideways -forward  sweep  of  arms.  "With  a  wide  jump,  feet  sideways — 
place!  Forward  bending  of  trunk,  touching  floor,  with  a  sideways-forward 
sweep  of  the  arms — one!  Return,  sweeping  the  arms  sideways-downward — 
two!  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm— begin!  Stop!"  5.  Arm  bending  and  stretching 
upward.  "Arms  upward — bend!  Upward — stretch!  Bend!  Po-sition!  Keep 
it  going  in  even  rhythm — begin!  Stop!"  6.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending 
of  trunk  all  the  way  from  left  to  right  in  one  movement.  "Hands  on  hips 
and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  to  the  left — bend!  All  the  way  over  to  the 
right — one!  Keep  this  going  in  slow  rhythm:  Ready — begin!"  7.  Jump  in 
place  with  side  flinging  of  arms.  "Heel  raising — one!  Knee  bending — two! 
Jump  up  in  air  -with  side  flinging  of  arms — three!  Knees  stretch — four! 
Heels  sink — five!  Repeat:  1- — 2 — 3 — 1—5." 

Lesson  III — 1.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  toe  raising.  "Hands  on  hips — place! 
Alternate  toe  raising  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  With  the  left — begin  I 


96 

Stop!"  2.  Reach  st.  arm  flinging  sideways,  palms  up,  with  backward  moving 
of  head.  "Arms  forward — fling!  Arm  flinging  sideways,  palms  up,  •with 
backward  moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!"  Try  in  rhythm. 
3.  (Narrow)  stride  st.  stooping  with  alternate  trunk  twisting,  touching  floor 
(between  feet)  with  one  hand,  other  arm  straight.  "Feet  sideways — place! 
Hands  on  hips— place!  Stoop  down  to  touch  the  floor  with  the  left  hand, 
twisting  trunk  to  right  and  stretching  right  arm  into  the  air  overhead — one! 
Return — two!  Repeat,  touching  floor  with  right  hand — three!  Four!  In 
rhythm — go!"  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  leg  flinging  forward.  "Hands  on  hips — place! 
Iveg  flinging  forward  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  Stop!" 
5.  Cross  (c)  stride  st.  alternate  side  bending  of  trunk  ail  the  way  in  one 
continuous  movement.  "Arms  sideways  fling  and  feet  sideways — place! 
Trunk  to  the  left — bend!  Alternate  bending  in  rhythm:  To  the  right — 
begin!"  6.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward -backward. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  jump  with  left  foot  in  front  of  right  (weight  on 
both  feet) — one!  Change  feet — two!  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm— go!  Class, 
halt!" 

Lesson  IV — *1.  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Arm 
flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending,  heels  off.  in  rhythm — begin!"  *2.  Placing 
of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward.  "Hands  on  hips  and 
left  foot  forward — place!  Po-sition!  Same  with  the  right — one!  Two!  In 
rhythm  with  the  left — begin!  Stop!"  3.  Bend  st.  backward  moving  of  head 
with  deep  breathing.  "Arms  ( upward )— bend!  Backward  moving  of  head 
with  deep  breathing — one!  Two!"  4.  Neck  grasp  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk. 
"'Hands  on  neck — place!  Forward  bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!  Again — one! 
Two!"  5.  Arm  flinging  forward-upward  (and  sideways-downward)  with 
alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  simultaneous  trunk  twisting.  "Ann 
flinging  forward-upward  with  left  foot  placing  sideways  and  tnmk  twisting 
to  the  left — one!  Return  to  position  with  arm  flinging  sideways-downward— 
two!"  Repeat  to  the  right  and  then  try  in  rhythm.  |6.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b) 
toe  st.  head  twisting.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Heels — 
raise!  Head  twisting  to  the  left — one!  Two!  To  the  right — three!  Four! 
Heels — sink!  Hands  on  hips  and  feet — change!"  etc.  |7.  Arm  bending  and 
stretching  upward  and  downward.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and 
downward  in  this  even  rhythm  (demonstrate) — begin!  Stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp 
st.  jump  on  toes  forward  and  backward  (feet  together).  "Hands  on  hips — 
place!  Jump  on  toes  forward  and  backward  (demonstrate)  :  Feet  together — 
begin!  Class,  halt!" 

•May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  V — 1.  Stride  st.  arm  flinging  sideways,  palms  up,  with  knee  bending 
(heels  on  the  floor).  "With  a  jump,  feet  sideways— place!  Arm  flinging  side- 
ways, palms  up,  with  knee  bending,  in  rhythm — begin!"  2.  Placing  of  hands 
on  hips  with  foot  placing  obliquely  outward,  and  heel  raising.  "Hands  on 
hips  and  left  foot  obliquely  outward — place!  Heel  raising — one!  Two!  Po- 
sition! Same  to  right  in  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm: 
With  the  left — begin!"  3.  Neck  grasp  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  expansion.  "Hands  on  neck — place!  Backward  moving  of  head  witli 
chest  expansion — one!  Two!"  4.  Cross  (a)  prone  st.  arm  flinging  sideways. 
"Arms  forward — bend!  Trunk  forward — bend!  Arm  flinging  sideways — one! 
Two!"  etc.  5.  Hip  grasp  st.  leg  flinging  sideways.  "Hands  on  hips — place! 
Alternate  leg  flinging  sideways  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  :  With  the  left — 
begin!  Stop!"  (5.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk  twisting  all  the  way  from  one  side 
to  another.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  to  the  left — twist! 
Alternate  trunk  twisting  in  one  continuous  movement:  To  the  right — begin!" 
7.  Jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sidoways  and  arm  flinging  sideways- 
upward.  (Demonstrate  first.)  "Ready,  in  rhythm — begin!  Class,  halt!" 


97 

Lesson  VI — 1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising.  "Arms 
upward — bend!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising  in  sharp  rhythm — 
begin!"  2.  Arm  flinging  forward,  sideways  (palms  up),  and  downward,  with 
backward  moving  of  head  on  the  second  count.  "Arm  flinging  forward — one! 
Sideways  with  palms  up  and  backward  moving  of  head — two!  Downward — 
three!"  Try  in  rhythm.  3.  Bend  st.  forward -downward  bending  of  trunk, 
alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms — bend!  Forward-down- 
ward bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!  "Arm  stretching  downward — three!  Four! 
Keep  it  going  in  this  rhythm:  Ready — begin!"  4.  Neck  grasp  stride  st. 
trunk  twisting  in  even  rhythm,  sharp  movements.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet 
sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  the  left — one!  Forward — two!  To  the 
right — three!  Four!  In  rhythm  to  the  left — begin!"  5.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee 
upward  bending,  left  and  right  (momentarily  holding  standing  position). 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Knee  upward  bending  with  the  left— begin!  And 
right!  And  left!  And  stop!"  *6.  Bend  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk, 
alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms  upward  bend  and  feet 
sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  the  left — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching 
sideways — three!  Four!  Same  to  the  right:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  going  in 
rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!"  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot 
placing  forward  and  backward,  passing  through  toe  st.  position  each  time. 
(Demonstrate  first.)  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Ready,  in  rhythm — begin! 
Class,  halt!" 

•May  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  VII — *1.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  alternate  heel  raising  (four  counts). 
"Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Alternate  heel  raising  in  this  time 
(demonstrate):  With  the  left — begin!"  *2.  Cross  (a)  st.  arm  flinging  side- 
ways with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Arms  forward — bend!  Arm  flinging 
sideways  with  knee  bending,  heels  off,  in  rhythm — go!  Stop!"  3.  Neck  grasp  ' 
walk  (b)  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  expansion.  "Hands  on 
neck  and  left  foot  forward— place !  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest 
expansion  and  deep  breathing — one!  Two!  Hands  on  neck  and  feet — change!" 
etc.  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and 
forward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways— place ! 
Forward  bending  of  trunk— one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  the  right  on  four 
counts  (1—2—3 — 4).  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  With  the  left — begin!" 
5.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk  twisting  all  the  way  in  one  movement,  alternating 
with  arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk 
to  the  left — twist!  All  the  way  over  to  the  right — one!  Arm  stretching 
sideways— two!  Three!  Repeat,  to  the  right  in  three  counts  (1—2 — 3).  Keep 
it  up  in  rhythm— begin!"  6.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  oblique  charge. 
(Demonstrate  first.)  "Placing  of  hands  on  hips  and  oblique  charge  with  the 
left— one!  Return— two!  With  the  right— three!  Four!"  7.  Stretch  one-half 
st.  .(leg  sideways),  arm  parting.  "Feet— close!  Arms  forward-upward  fling 
and  left  foot  sideways — raise!  Arm  parting — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Arms 
forward-upward  fling  and  right  foot  sideways — raise!  Arm  parting,"  etc. 
8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing  sideways,  and  crossing  of  feet. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  with  feet  apart — one!  Jump  with  left  foot 
crossed  in  front  of  right— two!  Jump  with  feet  apart— three!  Jump  with 
right  foot  crossed  in  front— four!  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  Ready— begin! 
Class,  halt!" 

*May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  VIII— *1.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing 
forward,  and  heel  raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  forward— place ! 
Heel  raising— one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  with  the  right  on  four  counts 
(!— 2— 3— 4)-  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  With  the  left— begin!"  *2.  Hip 
grasp  stride  st.  alternate  knee  bending.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways— 


98' 

place!  Knee  bending  with  the  left— one!  Two!  With  the  right— three! 
Four!  In  rhythm:  "With  the  left — begin!"  3.  Arm  circumduction,  three 
counts.  (Command  and  rhythm.)  "Arm  flinging  forward -upward— one! 
Sideways  to  shoulder — two!  Position — three!"  Try  in  rhythm,  quick  move- 
ments, positions  well  held.  4.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  forward-downward  bend- 
ing of  trunk,  alternating  with  placing  of  hands  on  hips  (four  counts).  "Hands 
on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Forward  bending  of  trunk,  alternating 
with  placing  of  hands  on  hips  in  this  time  (demonstrate) — begin!"  5.  For- 
ward charge  with  placing  of  hands  on  hips.  (Demonstrate  first.)  "Placing  of 
hands  on  hips  and  charging  forward  with  the  left— one!  Return  to  position — 
two!  With  the  right — three!  Four!"  6.  Cross  (c)  one-half  hook  st.  change 
feet  in  one  quick  movement.  "Feet — close!  Arms  sideways  fling  and  left 
knee  upward — bend!  With  a  little  jump,  feet — change!  Again — one!  Two!'' 
7.  Jump  in  place  with  side  flinging  of  arms  and  a  90°  turn.  (Demonstrate 
first.)  "Heel  raising — one!.  Knee  bending — two!  Jump  with  side  flinging  of 
arms  and  90°  turn  to  left — three!  Knees  stretch — four!  Heels  sink — five!" 
Repeat,  etc. 

•May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  IX — 1.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  side- 
ways, and  knee  bending.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place! 
Knee  bending — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts  (1 — 2 — 
3 — 4).  Continue  in  rhythm:  With  the  left — begin!"  2.  Cross  (c)  close  st. 
arm  rotation  writh  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  expansion.  "Feet — 
close!  Arms  sideways — fling!  Turning  of  palms  with  backward  moving  of 
head  and  chest  expansion — one!  Two!"  3.  Bend  stride  (wide)  st.  downward 
bending  of  trunk,  touching  floor  (knees  and  back  straight),  alternating  with 
arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms  upward  bend  and  feet  sideways,  wide 
step — place!  Downward  bending  of  trunk,  touching  floor,  alternating  with 
arm  stretching  downward  in  this  time  (demonstrate) — begin!"  4.  Neck  grasp 
close  st.  trunk  twisting,  alternate,  four  counts.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet — 
close!  Trunk  twisting  to  the  left — one!  Forward — two!  To  the  right — 
three!  Four!"  Try  in  rhythm.  5.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward. 
sidewrays,  and  downward  (even  and  uneven  rhythm).  "Arm  bending  and 
stretching  upward,  sideways,  and  downward  in  this  even  time  (demonstrate)  — 
begin!"  Try  in  uneven  rhythm.  *6.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  side  bending  of 
trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Side  bending  of  tnmk 
to  the  left — one!  Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Hands  on  hips  and  feet — change!" 
Side  bending  to  the  right,  etc.  *7.  Arm  bending  with  oblique  charge. 
(Demonstrate  first.)  "Arm  bending  upward  with  oblique  charge  to  the  left — 
one!  Return — two!  To  the  right — three!  Four!  Keep  it  going  in  this 
rhythm  (demonstrate)  :  Ready — go!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with 
knee  upward  bending  left  and  right.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes 
in  place  with  alternate  knee  upward  bending  in  this  time  (demonstrate)  — 
begin!" 

•May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  X — *\.  Cross  (a)  st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with  alternate  foot 
placing  forward.  "Arms  forward — bend!  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  foot 
placing  forward,  left — one!  Return — two!  With  the  right — three!  Four! 
In  rhythm:  With  the  left— begin!"  *2.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising  and  knee 
bending  (even  time).  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heel  raising  and  knee  bend- 
ing in  this  even  rhythm  (demonstrate) — begin!  Stop!"  3.  Stretch  stride  st. 
backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  expansion.  "Arms  overhead  and  feet 
sideways — place!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  deep  breathing — one!  Two!" 
4.  Hip  grasp  one-half  hook  st.  knee  stretching  forward.  "Hands  on  hips — 
place!  Feet — close!  Left  knee  upward — bend!  Knee  stretching  forward — 
one!  Two!  Foot— re -place!  Right  knee  upward— bend!  Knee  stretching." 


99 

etc.  5.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  all  the  way  in  one 
movement.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  to  the  left- 
bend!  Keep  it  going  in  one  continuous  movement:  To  the  right — begin!" 
0.  Arm  bending  with  forward  charge.  (Demonstrate  first.)  "Arm  bending 
with  forward  charge:  With  the  left— one!  Two!  With  the  right— three! 
Four!"  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on  toes  with  crossing  of  feet,  each  time. 
(Demonstrate  first.)  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  with  crossing  of 
feet.  Ready— begin!  Class,  halt!"  (Heels  together.) 

*May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  XI — 1.  Hip  grasp  close  st.  heel  raising  with  swinging  out  of  heels. 
(Demonstrate  first.)  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heel  raising  with  swinging 
out  of  heels,  in  rhythm— go!  Stop!"  2.  Cross  (d)  stride  st.  arm  raising  with 
backward  moving  of  head.  "With  palms  up,  arms  sideways  fling  and  feet 
sideways — jump!  Arm  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  deep 
breathing — one!  Two!"  etc.  3.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm 
stretching  sideways.  "Arms  upward — bend!  Stoop  down  to  touch  floor, 
alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways  in  this  rhythm  (demonstrate)  — 
begin!"  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  foot  placing  sideways,  and  trunk 
twisting.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  twisting 
to  left — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  the  right  on  four  counts  (1 — 2 — 
3 — 4).  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!"  5.  Hip  grasp  toe  st. 
march  steps  forward  and  backward.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise! 
March  steps  forward  with  the  left— one!  Right — two!  Backward  with  the 
right — ene!  Two!"  6.  Oblique  charge  with  hands  on  neck.  "Hands  on  neck 
and  oblique  charge:  To  the  left — one!  Two!  To  the  right — three!  Four!" 
Try  in  rhythm.  7.  Standing  jump  forward  with  arm  flinging  forward.  "Heel 
raising — one!  Knee  bending  (arms  move  back  a  little) — two!  Jump  forward 
with  arm  flinging — three!  Knees  stretch — four!  Heels  sink— five!" 

Lesson  XII — 1.  Arm  flinging  sideways  (palms  up)  with  knee  bending  (heels 
off).  "Arm  flinging  sideways,  palms  up,  with  knee  bending,  in  this  time — • 
begin!  Stop!"  2.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  foot  placing  sideways,  and 
backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  expansion.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left 
foot  sideways — place!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  deep  breathing — one! 
Two!  Po-sition!  Repeat  all  to  the  right  on  four  counts  (1 — 2 — 3 — 4)." 
Try  later  in  rhythm.  3.  Stretch  stride  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk.  "Arms 
overhead  and  feet  sideways — place!  Forward  bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!" 
etc.  4.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward  and  trunk  twisting. 
"Arms  upward  bend  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  the 
left — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Repeat  to  the  right  on  four  counts  (1 — 2 — 3 — 4). 
Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  *5.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee 
upward  bending.  "Hands  on  hips— place!  Alternate  knee  upward  bending  in 
this  time  -  — :  With  the  left — begin!"  6.  Toe-support  charge  with 

hands  on  hips.  (Demonstrate  first.)  "Feet — close!  Hands  on  hips  and  toe- 
support,  charge  with  the  left — one!  Two!  With  the  right — three!  Four!" 
7.  Jumping  on  toes  with  foot  placing  forward-backward,  and  opposite  arm 
flinging  forward.  (Demonstrate  first.)  "Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!" 

*May  be  alternated  with  3. 

Lesson  XIII — 1.  Bend  stride  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  quick  knee 
bending.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Arm  stretching  sideways 
with  knee  bending — one!  Two!  Continue  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!" 
2.  Neck  grasp  close  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  expansion. 
"Hands  on  neck — place!  Feet — close!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest 
expansion — one!  Two!"  3.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  side- 
ways (wide  step),  and  downward  bending,  touching  floor.  "Arms  bend  and 
left  foot  sideways — place!  Forward  bending  of  trunk,  touching  floor — one! 


100 

Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  the  right  on  four  counts  (1 — 2 — 3 — 4).  In 
rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!"  4.  forward  bending  of  arms  with  forward 
charge.  (Demonstrate  first.)  "Forward  bending  of  arms  with  forward 
charge:  With  the  left— one!  Two!  With  the  right— three!  Four!"  5.  One- 
half  hip,  one-half  neck  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk,  alternating 
with  change  of  arms  (three  counts).  "Left  hand  on  hip,  right  hand  on 
neck,  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  the  left — one!  Two! 
Quick  change  of  arms — three!  Repeat,  bending  to  the  right  (1 — 2 — 3).  In 
rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!"  6.  Hip  grasp  standing  jump  on  toes  with 
foot  placing  sideways  and  90°  turn.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  with 
feet  apart — one!  Feet  together — two!  Jump,  turning  90°  to  the  left — three! 
Face  forward  (with  a  jump) — four!  Repeat  on  four  counts,  turning  to  the 
right.  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm — begin!  Class,  halt!" 

Lesson  XIV — *1.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  alternate  heel  raising.  "Hands  on 
neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Alternate  heel  raising:  With  the  left- 
begin!"  *2.  Toe  st.  arm  raising  sideways  with  quick  knee  bending.  "Heels — 
raise!  Arm  raising  sideways  with  quick  knee  bending — one!  Two!  Continue 
in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching 
upward  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arms  upward — bend!  Slow  arm 
stretching  upward  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising — one! 
Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  leg  flinging  forward.  "Hands  on  hips — 
place!  Alternate  leg  flinging  forward  in  this  time  (demonstrate): — begin! 
Stop!"  5.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward,  and  trunk 
twisting.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Trunk  twisting^to  the 
left— one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Repeat  with  the  right  foot  on  four  counts 
(1 — 2 — 3 — 4).  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm — go!  Stop!"  |6.  Cross  (c)  close  st. 
forward  bending  of  trunk.  "Feet — close!  Anns  sideways — fling!  Forward 
bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!"  7.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  side  bending  of 
trunk.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Side  bending  of 
trunk  to  the  left — one!  Two!  Hands  on  neck  and  feet — change!  Trunk 
bending  to  the  right,"  etc.  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jumping  on  toes  with  foot  placing 
sideways,  alternating  with  foot  placing  forward  and  backward.  "Hands  on 
hips — place!  Jump  with  feet  apart — one!  Feet  together — two!  Jump  with 
left  in  front  of  right  (weight  on  both  feet) — three!  Feet  together — four! 
Repeat:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  going  in  rhythm:  Ready — go!  Class,  halt!" 

*May  be  alternated.      fMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  XV — *1.  Reach  st.  arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising.  "Arms 
forward — raise!  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising  in  this  rhythm 
— :  Ready — begin!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunge. 
(Demonstrate  first.)  "Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  lunge  to  the  left — one! 
Two!  To  the  right — three!  Four!"  3.  Arm  circumduction  (two  counts)  with 
alternate  toe  touching  sideways  and  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arm  flinging 
forward-upward  with  left  toe  touching  sideways,  and  backward  moving  of 
head — one!  Arm  sinking  sideways,  downward,  and  replacing  of  foot — two! 
Repeat,  touching  the  right  foot  sideways — three!  Four!"  4.  Bend  (wide) 
stride  st.  downward  bending  of  trunk,  touching  floor,  alternating  with  arm 
stretching  sideways.  "Arms  bend  a*hd  feet  sideways — place!  Forward  bend- 
ing of  trunk  touching  floor,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways,  in 
this  rhythm  (demonstrate) — begin!"  5.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  leg  flinging 
sideways.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Alternate  leg  flinging  sideways  in  this 
time  (demonstrate):  Ready,  with  the  left — begin!  Stop!"  6.  Placing  of 
hands  on  hips  with  toe-support  charge.  (See  Lesson  12,  Ex.  6.)  f7.  Cross  (a) 
walk  (b)  twist  st.  arm  flinging  sideways.  "Arms  forward  bend  and  left  foot 
forward — place!  Trunk  to  the  left — twist!  Arm  flinging  sideways — one! 
Two!  (Repeat.)  Trunk  forward — twist!  Arms  forward  bend  and  feet — 
change!  Trunk  to  the  right — twist,"  etc.  8.  Hip  grasp  one-half  st.  (leg  for- 


101 

ward)  cut  steps  forward -backward  with  break  on  15th  count,  and  heels 
together  on  16th  count.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  leg  forward — raise! 
Cut  steps  up  to  14  counts — go!  Jump  with  feet  apart — 15!  Feet  together — 
16!  Repeat  all  in  rhythm — go!"  Try  with  right  foot  raised  in  front. 

•May  be  alternated.       fMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Fourth  Year. 
A.    Gymnastic  Drills. 

The  following  lessons  include  exercises  progressively  arranged,  each  having  a 
particular  purpose.  In  general  the  exercises  are  given  in  two  parts:  The  first 
includes  the  name  of  the  exercise,  and  describes  concisely  what  is  desired  for 
complete  execution.  The  second  part,  in  quotations,  suggests  the  commands  to  be 
used.  The  final  command,  the  signal  for  execution,  is  printed  in  heavy  type. 
For  detailed  explanations  of  starting  positions  and  movements  see  Chapter  11, 
"Exercise  in  Detail." 

Lesson  I — 1.  Hand  clapping  overhead  with  heel  raising.     "Hand  clapping 

overhead  with  heel  raising  in  this  time :     Ready — begin!     Stop!" 

2.  Hip  grasp  stride  st.  knee  bending  (r).  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  side- 
ways— place!  Knee  bending — one!  Two!  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  Ready — 
begin!"  3.  Neck  grasp  st.  chest  raising.  "Hands  on  neck — place!  Chest 
raising — one!  Two!"  *4.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward  bending  left  and  right. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Knee  upward  bending:  With  the  left — begin! 
And  right!  Left!"  etc.  "Stop!"  *5.  Stride  st.  chopping  wood.  "Feet  side- 
ways— place!  Holding  ax  over  left  shoulder,  chop  wood  in  this  rhythm 
:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  6.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  side- 
ways and  downward,  even  rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  sideways 

and  downward  in  this  even  tfene :     Ready — begin!     Stop!"    7.  Free 

jump  in  place  with  arm  flinging  sideways.  (Demonstrate:  (1)  Heel  raising; 
(2)  knee  bending;  (3)  jump  with  arm  flinging;  (4)  knee  stretching;  (5)  heel 
sinking).  Class — attention!  "Ready — one!  Two!  Three!  Four!  Five!" 

*May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  II — *1.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  foot  placing  forward,  alter- 
nate. "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Po-sition!  Same  to 
right  on  two  counts  (1 — 2).  Continue  in  rhythm:  With  the  left — begin! 
And  stop!"  *2.  Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising  and  knee  bending  in  even  rhythm. 
"Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise!  Knees — bend!  Stretch!  Heels — 

sink!     Keep  it  up  in  this  time  — :     Ready — begin!     Stop!"    3.  Arm 

raising  sideways,  palms  up,  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising. 
"Arm  raising  sideways,  palms  up,  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest 
raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Bend  stride  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk,  alternating 
with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place! 
Forward  bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  downward — three! 
Four!  Keep  it  up  in  this  time.  Ready — begin!"  5.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b)  st. 
trunk  twisting  (r).  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Trunk  twist- 
ing to  left — one!  Two!  Again — 1 — 2.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin! 
And  stop!  Hands  on  neck  and  feet — change!"  t6.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward 
bending  and  stretching  forward-downward,  and  balance  steps.  "Hands  on 
hips — place!  Knee  upward  bending  with  the  left — one!  Stretching  down- 
ward— two!  Step  forward —  three!"  (and  hold).  Repeat  above  with  the  right 
foot.  Try  in  rhythm.  f7.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  downward 
in  uneven  rhythm.  "Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  downward  in 
this  rhythm  (1,  2 — 3,  4) :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  one-half 
st.  (leg  sideways)  cut  step  sideways.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  leg  side- 
ways— raise!  Cut  step  sideways  in  this  rhythm  -  — :  Ready — begin! 
Class  halt!"  (on  toes). 

•May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  III — *1.  March  steps  forward  or  backward,  and  facings.    "Two  steps 


102 

forward  and  left  face — march!  Right  face  and  one  step  backward — march!" 
*2.  Arm  flinging  forward  with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Arm  flinging  for- 
ward with  knee  bending  (and  heels  off)  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin! 
And  stop!"  3.  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  upward  with  backward  moving 
of  head.  "Arms — bend!  Arm  stretching  upward  (slowly)  with  backward 
moving  of  head — one!  Two!"  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot 
placing  sideways,  and  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips 
and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  forward -down  ward — bend!  Raise! 
Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time 
— :  Ready — begin!"  5.  Bend  stride  st.  trunk  twisting,  alternating  with 
arm  stretching  sideways.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk 
twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  sideways — three!  Four!  Same 
to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — 
begin!  Stop!"  6.  Hip  grasp  close  one-half  st.  (leg  forward)  change  of  feet 
on. one  count.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Left  leg  forward — raise! 
With  a  jump,  feet — change!  Again — one!  Two!"  t7.  Neck  grasp  stride  st. 
side  bending  of  trunk  (four  counts).  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — 
place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  To  right — three!  Four!  Keep  it 
up  in  slow  time:  To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on 
toes  with  foot  placing  sideways  and  crossing  of  feet.  (Demonstrate  before 
commanding  attention.)  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  with  foot 
placing  sideways  and  crossing  of  feet.  Ready — begin!  Class,  halt!" 

'May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  IV — *1.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing  side- 
ways, and  heel  raising.  "Hand  on  neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Heel 
raising — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 1. 
Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  With  the  left — begin!"  *2.  Hip  grasp  stride  st. 
alternate  knee  bending  all  the  way.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet  sideways — place ! 
Left  knee — bend!  All  the  way  to  right— one!  Left — two!  Again — one! 
Two!  Keep  it'  going:  To  the  left — begin!  Stop!"  3.  Arm  circumduction 
with  backward  moving  of  head.  "Arm  circumduction  with  backward  moving 
of  head — one!  Two!"  4.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching 
sideways.  "Arms — bend!  Stoop  down  and  touch  floor,  alternating  with  arm 
stretching  sideways:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  5.  Hip  grasp  stride  st. 
side  bending  of  trunk  all  the  way  from  one  side  to  the  other.  "Hands,  on 
hips  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  to  left — bend!  All  the  way  over  to 
right — one!  Left — two!  Continue  in  slow,  even  time:  To  the  right — begin!" 
6.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward  and  sideways  (uneven  rhythm).  "Arm 
bending  and  stretching  upward  and  sideways  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — 
begin!  And  stop!"  f7.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  alternate  foot  placing 
sideways,  and  trunk  twisting.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left  foot  sideways — place! 
Trunk  twisting  to  left — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts: 
1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  even  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!"  8  St.  free 
jump  forward  (with  forward  flinging  of  arms).  Demonstrate.  Then:  Ready — 
one!  Two!  Three!  Four!  Five!" 


•May  be  alternated.        tMay  be  alternated  with   5. 

Lesson  V  (Review) — 1.  Hand  clapping  overhead  with  heel  raising  (Lesson  1, 
Ex.  1).  2.  Arm  flinging  forward  with  knee  bending  (heels  off)  (Lesson  3. 
Ex.  2).  3.  Bend  st.  slow  arm  stretching  upward  with  backward  moving  of 
head  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  3).  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot 
placing  sideways,  and  forward  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  3,  Ex.  7).  See  also 
Lesson  2,  Ex.  4.  5.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  trunk  twisting  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  5). 
6.  Hip  grasp  st.  knee  upward  bending  and  stretching  forward -down  ward,  and 
balance  steps  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  6).  7.  Hip  grasp  one-half  st.  (leg  sideways)  cut 
step  sideways  (Lesson  2,  Ex.  8).  See  also  Lesson  3,  Ex.  8. 


103 

Lesson  VI — "1.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising.  "Arms — 
bend!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with  heel  raising  in  sharp,  even  time: 
Ready — begin!  Stop!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunge.  "Side 
lunge  with  hands  on  hips:  Left— one!  Two!  Right— three!  Four!  Repeat: 
1—2—3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  -  — :  Ready— begin !"  3.  Cross  (a) 
close  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  "Arms  forward  bend, 
feet  close!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!" 
4.  Bend  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  downward.  "Arms — 
bend!  Stoop  down  and  touch  floor,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  down- 
ward: Ready — begin!  Stop!"  5.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  trunk  twisting  all 
the  way,  alternating  with  arm  stretching  sideways.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet 
sideways — place!  Trunk  to  left — twist!  All  the  way  to  right — one!  Arm 
stretching  sideways — two!  Three!  Repeat  to  left — 1 — 2 — 3.  Keep  it  up  in 
rhythm:  To  the  right — begin!  Stop!"  f6.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  knee 
upward  bending.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Alternate  knee  upward  bending; 
with  the  left — begin!  Class,  halt!"  7.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alter- 
nate foot  placing  sideways,  and  side  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and 
left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Po-sition! 
Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4,  in  this  time  —  — :  To  the 

left — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  foot  placing 
sideways,  alternating  with  foot  placing  forward  and  backward.  "Hands  on 
hips — place!  Jump  with  feet  apart — one!  Feet  together— two !  Left  forward, 
right  backward — three!  Feet  together — four!  Again — one!  Two!  (right  for- 
ward)— three!  Four!  Continue  in  moderate  rhythm:  Ready — begin!  Class, 
halt!" 


•May  be  alternated.      tMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  VII — *1.  Facings  left  or  right  and  march  steps  forward,  sideways,  or 
backward.  "Right  face  and  one  side  step  to  the  left — march!  Left  face  and 
two  steps  forward — march!  One  step  backward  and  right  face — march!" 
*2.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Arms — 
bend!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with  knee  bending  (heels  off) :  Ready — • 
begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with 
chest  raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  feet  sideways — place!  Backward  moving 
of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Hip  grasp  close  st.  forward- 
downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — close!  Trunk  for- 
ward-downward— bend!  Raise!  Again —  one!  Two!"  f5.  Forward  bending 
of  arms  with  alternate  foot  placing  forward,  and  trunk  twisting.  "Arms 
forward  bend  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one! 
Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Now  keep  it 
up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left— begin!  And  stop!"  f6.  Placing  of  hands  on 
hips  with  oblique  charge.  "Half  right — face!  Placing  of  hands  on  hips 
with  oblique  charge,  left — one!  Two!  Repeat,  1 — 2.  Left — face!  Oblique 
charge,  right — one!  Two!"  7.  Arm  bending  and  stretching,  one  sideways,  the 
other  downward  (uneven  rhythm).  "Arm* — bend!  Left  arm  sideways,  right 
arm  downward — stretch!  Change  of  arms  on  two  counts — 1 — 2.  Continue  in 
this  time  -  — :  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on 
toes  with  alternate  leg  flinging  sideways.  (Demonstrate.)  "Hands  on  hips — 
place!  Jump  on  toes  with  alternate  leg  flinging  sidewavs:  Ready — begin! 
Class,  halt!" 

•May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  VIII — *1.  Forward  bending  of  arms  with  alternate' foot  placing  for- 
ward, and  arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising.  "Arms  forward  bend  and 
left  foot  forward — place!  Arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising — one!  Two! 
Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  rhythm: 
To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  *2.  Arm  bending  with  side  lunge.  "Arm 
bending  with  side  lunge:  Left — one!  Two!  Right— three!  Four!  Repeat: 


104 

1_2_ 3 — 4.     Keep  it  up  in  this  rhythm  -  — :     To  the  left— begin!" 

3.  Cross  (d)  st.  ami  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head.  "With  palms  up 
arms  sideways — fling!  Ann  raising  with  backward  moving  of  head — one! 
Two!"  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and 
forward-downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left  foot  sideways — 
place!  Forward-downward  bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same 
to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left — 
begin!  And  stop!"  |5.  Bend  oblique  charge  st.  trunk  twisting.  "Half  right — 
face!  Arms  bend  and  left  oblique — charge!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — one! 
Two!  Again — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Left — face!  Arms  bend  and  right 
oblique — charge!  Trunk  twisting  to  right — one!  Two!"  etc.  f6.  Hip  grasp 
close  one-half  st.  (leg  sideways)  change  of  feet  on  one  count.  "Hands  on  hips 
and  feet — close!  Left  leg  sideways — raise!  With  a  jump,  feet — change! 
Again — one!  Two!"  7.  Arm  bending  and  stretching,  one  upward,  the  other 
downward  (uneven  rhythm).  "Arms — bend!  Left  arm  upward,  right  arm 
downward — stretch!  Change  of  arms  on  two  counts:  1 — 2.  Keep  it  up  in 
this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin!  Stop!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  hop  on  one 

foot,  swing  other  forward  and  backward — on  seventh  and  eighth  counts  cut 
and  change.  (Demonstrate  first.)  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Hop  first  on  left 
and  swing  right  forward  and  backward:  Ready — go!" 

•May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  IX— *1.  One  or  two  march  steps  forward  or  backward,  and  about 
facing,  left  or  right.  "Left  about  face  and  two  steps  forward — march!  One 
step  backward  and  right  about  face — march!"  *2.  Arm  flinging  sideways 
with  knee  bending  (heels  off).  "Arm  flinging  sideways  with  knee  bending 
(heels  off):  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  3.  Cross  (a)  walk  (b)  st.  backward 
moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  "Arms  forward  bend  and  left  foot  for- 
ward— place!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two! 
Repeat:  1 — 2.  Arms  forward  bend  and  feet — change!"  4.  Hip  grasp  toe  st. 
alternate  knee  upward  bending.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Heels — raise! 
Alternate  knee  upward  bending:  With  the  left — begin!  Class,  halt!" 
5.  One-half  hip,  one-half  neck  grasp  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk  alternating 
with  change  of  hands  (three  counts).  "Left  hand  on  hip,  right  hand  on  neck 
and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Change  of 
hands — three!  Repeat  to  right:  1 — 2 — 3.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  —  — : 
To  the  left — begin!  And  stop!"  6.  Arm  bending  and  stretching  upward, 
sideways,  and  downward  (uneven  rhythm).  "Arm  bending  and  stretching 
upward,  sideways,  and  downward  in  this  time  -  -  (1,  2 — 3,  4 — 5,  6): 

Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  f7.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  (or  neck)  with  for- 
ward charge.  "Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  forward  charge:  Left — one!  Two! 
Right — three!  Four!  Again — 1 — 2 — 3 — 4."  8.  Jump  forward  with  two  start 
steps.  (Demonstrate.)  "Beginning  with  the  left,  ready — go!  (1,  2,  3)  Four! 
Five!" 


*May  be  alternated.       tMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  X  (Review) — Forward  bending  of  arms  with  alternate  foot  placing 
forward,   and   arm   flinging   sideways   with    heel   raising    (Lesson   8,    Ex.    1). 

2.  Bend  st.  arm  stretching  sideways  witli  knee  bending    (Lesson  7,   Ex.   2). 

3.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising  (Lesson 
7,  Ex.  3).    4.  Hip  grasp  close  st.  forward  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  7,  Ex.  4). 
5.  Neck  grasp  stride  st.  trunk  twisting  all  the  way,  alternating  with  arm 
stretching  sideways    (Lesson   6,   Ex.   5).     6.   Placing   of   hands   on   hips   with 
oblique  charge   (Lesson  7,  Ex.  6).     7.  Hip  grasp  st.  hop  on  one  foot,  swing 
other  forward  and  backward  on  seventh  and  eighth  counts,  cut  and  change 
(Lesson  8,  Ex.  8).     See  also  Lesson  6,  Ex.  8. 

Lesson  XI — *].  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  heel  and  toe  raising.     (Demonstrate 
first.)      "Hands   on    hips — place!      Alternate   heel   and   toe   raising:      Ready — 


105 

begin!  Stop!"  *2.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with  side  lunge.  "Side  lunge 
with  hands  on  neck:  To  the  left — one!  Two!  Right — three!  Four!  Repeat: 
1—2—3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  rhythm  -  — :  To  the  left— begin! 

And  stop!"  3.  Arm  circumduction  with  backward  moving  of  head  (three 
counts),  heed  moves  back  on  first  count.  "Arm  circumduction  with  back- 
ward moving  of  head — one!  Two!  Three!  Now  keep  it  up  (sharp  move- 
ments): Ready — begin!"  4.  Cross  (a)  st.  stooping,  alternating  with  arm 
flinging  sideways.  "Arms  forward — bend!  Stoop  down — one!  Two!  Arm 
flinging  sideways — three!  Four!  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  Ready — begin!" 
5.  Hip  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  side  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  left 
foot  forward— place !  Trunk  to  left — bend!  Raise!  Again — one!  Two! 
Hands  on  hips  and  feet — change!"  6.  Close  st.  placing  of  hands  on  hips  with 
toe-support  charge.  "Feet — close!  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  toe-support 
charge:  Left— one!  Two!  Right— three!  Four!  Repeat:  1—2— 3— 4."  7.  Hip 
_grasp  st.  jump  in  place  \rith  90°  or  180°  turn,  left  or  right.  "Hands  on 
hips — place  Jump  in  place  with  90°  turn:  To  left — one!  Two!  (Jump) 
Three!  Four!  Five!  180°  turn  to  right:  Ready— one!"  etc. 

•May  be  alternated. 

Lesson  XII — *1.  Any  facing,  march  step  and  facing  combination.  *2.  Hip 
<jrasp  st.  heel  raising  and  knee  bending  (in  uneven  rhythm).  "Hands  on 
hips — place!  Heels — raise!  Knees —  bend!  Stretch!  Heels — sink!  Keep  it 

up  in  this  uneven  time — :     Ready — begin!"    3.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b) 

st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising.  "Hands  on  neck  and  left 
foot  forward — place!  Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one! 
Two!  Repeat:  1 — 2.  Hands  on  neck  and  feet — change!"  4.  Arm  bending 
with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and  forward-downward  bending  of 
trunk.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Forward- downward  bend- 
ing of  trunk — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts: 
1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  rhythm:  To  the  left — begin!  And — stop!" 
5.  Stretch  walk  (a)  twist  st.  arm  parting.  "Arms — bend!  Arms  upward 
stretch  and  left  foot  outward — place!  Trunk  to  left — twist!  Arm  parting — 
one!  Two!  Repeat:  1 — 2.  Trunk  forward — twist!  Arms  upward  stretch 
und  feet — change!"  6.  Reach  close  one-half  st.  (leg  forward)  knee  bending 
of  supporting  leg.  "Feet — close!  Arms  and  left  leg  forward— raise !  Right 
knee — bend!  Stretch!  Repeat:! — 2.  Po-sition!  Arms  and  right  leg  for- 
ward— raise!  Left  knee — bend!"  etc.  f7.  Placing  of  hands  on  neck  with 
alternate  foot  placing  sideways  and  side  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  neck 
and  left  foot  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — one!  Two!  Po-sition! 
Same  to  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demon- 
strate) :  Ready — begin!"  8.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  on  toes  with  alternate  leg 
flinging  forward.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Jump  on  toes  with  alternate  leg 
flinging  forward:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!" 

•May  be  alternated.      fMay  be  alternated  with  5. 

Lesson  XIII — *1.  Arm  flinging  sideways,  palms  up,  with  alternate  foot 
placing  forward  and  arm  flinging  upward  with  heel  raising.  "With  palms 
up,  arms  sideways  fling  and  left  foot  forward — place!  Arm  flinging  upward 
with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  to  right  on  four  counts: 
1—2—3—4.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm:  To  the  left— begin!  And  stop!'' 
*2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunge,  then  alternate  knee  bending 
(four  counts).  "Side  lunge  with  hands  on  hips:  Left — One!  Alternate  knee 
bending — two!  Three!  Return  to  position — four!  Repeat  to  right:  1 — 2 — 
3 — 4.  Continue  in  this  time  -  — :  To  the*  left — begin!"  3.  Reach  st. 

arm  parting,  with  palms  up,  with  backward  moving  of  head  and  chest  raising. 
"Arms  forward — fling!  Arm  parting,  palms  up,  with  backward  moving  of 
head  and  chest  raising — one!  Two!"  4.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  closing 
of  feet,  and  forward-downward  bending  of  trunk.  "Hands  on  hips  and  feet — 


106 

close!  Forward-downward  bending  of  trunk — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Repeat  r 
1 — 2 — 3- — 4.  Keep  it  up:  Ready — begin!  And  stop!"  5.  Placing  of  hands  on 
neck  with  oblique  charge,  and  trunk  twisting  (to  same  side).  "Half  right — 
face!  Hands  on  hips  and  left  oblique — charge!  Trunk  twisting  to  left — 
one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Repeat  on  four  counts:  One!  Two!  Three!  Four! 
Keep  it  up  in  this  time  (demonstrate):  Ready — begin!  Stop!  Left — face! 
Repeat  above  oh  right  side.  |6.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  knee  upward 
bending,  arm  stretching  sideways  with  knee  stretching  forward.  "Arms  and 
left  knee  upward — bend!  Arm  stretching  sideways  with  knee  stretching 
forward — one!  Two!  Po-sition!  Same  with  right  on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 
3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  rhythm  -  — :  With  the  left— begin!  Stop!" 
7.  Bend  stride  st.  side  bending  of  trunk,  alternating  with  arm  stretching 
upward.  "Arms  bend  and  feet  sideways — place!  Trunk  bending  to  left — 
one!  Two!  Arm  stretching  upward — three!  Four!  Same  to  right:  1 — 2 — 
3 — 4.  Keep  it  up:  To  the  left— begin!"  8.  St.  free  jump  sideways:  Left 
(or  right)— face!  Jump  to  left— one!  Two!  Three!  Four!  Five!" 

•May  be  alternated.      fMay  be  alternated  with  4. 

Lesson  XIV — *1.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  arm 
stretching  upward  with  heel  raising.  "Anns  bend  and  left  foot  sideways — 
place!  Ann  stretching  upward  with  heel  raising — one!  Two!  Repeat  to  right 
on  four  counts:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  even  rhythm:  To  the  left — 
begin!"  *2.  Arm  flinging  forward  with  knee  bending  (heels  off),  arm  flinging 
sideways  and  downward  with  knee  stretching  and  heel  sinking  (three  counts). 
"Arm  flinging  forward  with  knee  bending, 'heels  off— one!  Arm  flinging  side- 
ways, palms  up,  with  knee  stretching — two!  Po-sition!  Repeat  on  three 
counts:  1 — 2 — 3.  Keep  it  up  in  rhythm  (demonstrate):  Ready — 
begin!''  3.  Bend  walk  (a)  twist  st.  backward  moving  of  head  with  chest 
raising.  "Arms  bend  and  left  foot  outward — place!  Trunk  to  left — twist! 
Backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  raising — one!  Two!  Again:  1 — 2. 
Tnmk  forward — twist!  Arms  bend  and  feet — change!"  Repeat  above  on 
other  side.  4.  Neck  (or  hip)  grasp,  toe  st.  alternate  knee  upward  bending. 
"Hands  on  neck — place!  Heels — raise!  Alternate  knee  upward  bending: 
With  the  left — begin!  Class,  halt!"  f5.  Close  st.  forward  bending  of  arms 
with  toe-support  charge.  "Feet — close!  Forward  bending  of  arms  with  toe- 
support  charge:  Left — one!  Two!  Right — three!  Four!  Repeat:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4. 
Continue  in  this  time  —  — :  Ready — begin!"  f6.  Placing  of  hands  on 

hips  with  side  lunge,  then  side  bending  of  trunk.  "With  hands  on  hips,  side 
lunge:  Left — one!  Side  bending  of  trunk  to  left — two!  Three!  Return  to 
position — four!  Same  to  right:  1 — 2 — 3 — 4.  Keep  it  up  in  this  time  - 

— :  To  the  left — begin!"  7.  Arm  bending  and  stretching,  one  sideways, 
the  other  backward  (uneven  rhythm).  "Arms — bend!  Left  arm  sideways, 
right  arm  backward — stretch!  Change  of  arms  on  two  counts:  1—2.  Keep 
it  up  in  uneven  rhythm:  Ready — begin!"  8.  Hip  grasp  one-half  st.  (leg  for- 
ward) cut  backward,  hop  and  swing  other  leg  forward  (with  slight  turn) ;  hop 
twice  with  touch  and  extend.  "Hands  on  hips — place!  Left  leg  forward — 
raise!  Cut  right  backward — one!  Hop  on  left  and  swing  right  forward 
(turning  a  little  to  right) — two!  Hop  on  left  and  touch  right  toe  in  front 
of  left — three!  Hop  and  extend  right — four!  Cut  right  backward,"  etc.  Try 
in  rhythm  (after  careful  demonstration  of  the  whole  step). 

•May  be  alternated.      fMay  be  alternated. 

Lesson  XV  (Review) — -1.  Hip  grasp  st.  alternate  heel  and  toe  raising 
(Lesson  11,  Ex.  1).  2.  Placing  of  hands  on  hips  with  side  lunge,  then  alternate 
knee  bending  (Lesson  13,  Ex.  2).  3.  Neck  grasp  walk  (b)  st.  backward  moving 
of  head  with  chest  raising  (Lesson  12,  Ex.  3).  4.  Cross  (a)  st.  stooping,  alter- 
nating with  arm  flinging  sideways  (Lesson  11,  Ex.  4).  5.  Placing  of  hands 
on  hips  with  foot  placing  sideways,  and  side  bending  of  trunk  (Lesson  12, 


107 

Ex.  7).  See  also  Lesson  13,  Ex.  5,  6.  Arm  bending  with  alternate  knee 
upward  Bending,  arm  stretching  sideways  with  knee  stretching  forward 
(Lesson  13,  Ex.  6).  See  also  Lesson  11,  Ex.  7.  7.  Hip  grasp  st.  jump  in  place 
with  90°  or  180°  turn  left  or  right  (Lesson  11,  Ex.  8). 

B.  Six  Lessons  of  Mimetic  Exercises — (Arranged  by  Miss  Elizabeth  .Halsey 
of  Department  of  Hygiene,  Wellesley  College.) 

These  lessons  are  suited  to  beginning  classes  of  high  school  or  college. 
The  descriptions  given  here  or  in  Sargent's  "Health,  Strength,  and  Power" 
are  to  be  changed  and  improved  to  suit  conditions.  Activities  which  are 
ordinarily  done  only  on  one  side,  such  as  chopping,  fencing,  etc.,  should  be 
done  on  the  right  side  first,  four  or  eight  times,  and  then  left,  but  not  alter- 
nately. Unless  otherwise  stated,  they  are  to  be  done  to  2/4  or  4/4  time. 
The  aim  should  be  to  have  them  as  much  like  the  activity  represented  as  is 
consistent  wyith  clean-cut  work  and  good  positions.  Thorough  preparation  and 
dramatic  presentation  are  necessary  to  get  the  most  out  of  this  work. 

I.  Marching- — Mark  time,  halt  in  two  counts;  file  inarching,  accenting  every 
third  and  fifth  step;  double  time,  common  time  in  four  counts. 

1.  Adoration — S.  p.  166   (arm  bending  with  heel  raising  instead  of  half- 
sideways  bending  of  arms). 

2.  Scouting — Counts  1,  2   (oblique  lunge  right,  right  hand  over  eyes,  left 
hand  behind  back;  counts  3,  4,  position;  counts  5,  6,  7,  8) ;  four  steps  marking 
time. 

3.  Rockets— Counts    1.    2    (quick    arm    bending    and    stretching    upwards; 
counts  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8) ;   slow  arm  sinking  sideways  downward. 

4.  Furling  Sail— S.  p.  220.     3/4  time. 

5.  Palling  Anchor — S.  p.  184  (called  rope  pulling). 

6.  Rowing— S.  p.  272.    3/4  time. 

7.  Bicycle — Alternate  knee-upward  bending  with  hands  held  in  front  as  if 
grasping  handle  bars. 

8.  Warming  Up — Hip  grasp  st.  stride  jump. 

II.  Marching — Review  accenting;  skip-step;  Boy  Scout  trot,  walking  eight 
steps  and  running  eight  steps. 

1.  Rooster — Bend  st.  elbow  raising  (to  shoulder  height)   with  heel  raising- 
and  backward  moving  of  head. 

2.  Elevator — Hip  grasp  st.  heel  raising  and  knee  bending  (3/4  time). 

3.  Chest  Expander — Arm  bending  with  alternate  foot  placing  sideways,  and 
backward  moving  of  head  with  chest  expansion. 

4.  Driving  Stakes — Left  and  right. 

5.  Steamboat— S.  p.  194. 

6.  Raking — Oblique  lunge  with  arm  stretching  forward  as  if  grasping  rake 
and  alternate  knee  bending,  pulling  in  arms. 

7.  Treading  Water — Alternate  knee  upward  bending  with  downward  push- 
ing motion  of  opposite  hand. 

8.  Carrying  Water — Hip  grasp  st.,  balance  step  (3/4  time). 

9.  Jigger — Spring  jump  with   alternate   foot   placing   forward   and   simul- 
taneous opposite  arm  flinging  forward. 

III.  Marching — Accent  fourth,  sixth,  and  seventh  steps;   flexion  gait.  i.  e.. 
long  steps  with  all  joints  more  or  less  flexed;    rooster  walk,   hip   grasp   st. 
slow  balance  step  with  knee  upward  bending  and  stretching  forward;   crow 
walk,  hip  grasp  deep  knee  bend  st.,  three  steps  alternate  with  three  hops. 

1.     Clap  Under  Legs— S.  p.  242  (3/4  time). 


108 

2.  Breathe  and  Stretch — Neck  grasp  st.  slow  arm  stretching  sideways  with 
chest  expansion  and  simultaneous  alternate  toe  touch  sideways. 

3.  Churning — Hands  grasp  churn  handle  chest  height,  stooping  with  vigor- 
ous arm  stretching  downward  (3/4  time). 

4.  Paddling — S.  p.   190   (make  it  an  eight  count  movement,  kneeling  on 
1  and  2,  coming  to  position  on  7,  8). 

5.  Revolving   Light — Counts   1,  2,   arm   flinging   sideways   with  alternate 
foot  placing  sideways;  3,  4,  trunk  twisting  to  left;  5,  6,  trunk  twisting  all 
the  way  over  to  right;  7,  8,  position. 

6.  Throwing  Lasso — S.  p.  226  (left  and  right). 

7.  Chicken  Wings— S.  p.  210  (start  from  bend  st.). 

8.  Sprinter's  Start — Give  commands,  "On  your  mark,  get  set.  go!"    Run 
in  place  and  stop  informally. 

9.  Breathing. 

IV.     Marching — Review  file  marching;   start  front  march,  mark  time,  half 
step,  and  backward  .march,  drilling  on  alignment  and  spacing. 

1.  Looking  Over  Fence — Bend  st.   (palms  turned  forward  grasping  fence), 
heel  raising  with  spine  stretching. 

2.  Basket  Ball  Free  Throw — Counts  1,  2,  alternate  foot  placing  sideways 
with  arm  raising  forward;  counts  3,  4,  arm  sinking  with  knee  bending  and 
slight  forward  bending  of  trunk;   5,  6,  throwing  motion  of  arms,  with  knee 
stretching;  7,  8,  position. 

3.  Catching  a  Fly  and  Throwing  to  Third — Counts  1,  2,  right  foot  placing 
backward  with  arms  overhead  catching  the  ball;   3,  4,  arms  come  back  to 
throw,  all  weight  is  back  on  right  foot;  5,  6,  throw  and  shift  weight  forward 
to  left  foot;  7,  8,  position. 

4.  Diving — Arm   flinging  sideways   with  alternate   foot  placing   sideways 
and  simultaneous  backward  moving  of  head,  and  forward  downward  bending, 
touching  floor. 

5.  Mowing— S.  p.  214. 

6.  Swimming — S.  p.  176  (3/4  time). 

7.  Climbing — Alternate  knee  upward  bending  with  opposite  arm  stretching 
upward. 

8.  Mercury — S.  p.  256.     (Hold  second  position  during  counts  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8.) 

9.  Jumping  Jack. 
10.    Breathing. 

V.    Marching — File  marching,  running;  front  march,  review  mark  time,  etc. 
Teach  "to  the  rear  march,"  stopping  on  the  first  count. 

1.  Jack  Knife — Forward  bending  of  arms  with  alternate  foot  placing  side- 
ways and  arm  flinging  sideways  with  heel  raising. 

2.  Grinding  Corn — S.  p.  228. 

3.  Corn   Growing — Bend  st.  slow  arm   stretching  upward    (four  measures 
each  way).     3/4  time. 

4.  Scooping  Leaves — S.  p.  182. 

5.  Golf — Stride  st.  grasping  club  firmly  and  looking  at  ball;  counts  1,  2, 
address  the  ball — make  short  preliminary  swing;   counts  3,  4,  swing  up  on 
right  side,  keeping  eye  on  the  ball;  counts  5,  6,  drive  and  follow  through  to 
same  position  on  left,  watching  the  ball  in  its  flight;   7,  8,  come  back  to 
starting  position. 

6.  Archery — (The  arrow  is  shot  in  the  air).     Counts  1,  2,  draw  arrow  to 
head  and  step  back,  turning  body  to  right;  counts  3,  4,  side  and  knee  bending 
so  that  arrow  points  straight  up;  5,  6,  7,  8.  return  in  reverse  order. 


109 

7.  Catching  a  Grounder  and  Throwing  to  First — Counts  1,  2,  lunge  side- 
ways right.     Lean  over  and  catch  ball  near  right  foot;  3,  4,  come  up,  ready 
to  throw,  with  weight  on  right  foot;    5,  6,  throw  and  shift  weight;   7,  8, 
position. 

8.  Locomotive — S.  p.  206. 

9.  Mandarin — Hip  grasp  deep  knee  bend  si.,  nodding  of  head  and  slow  head 
twisting,  left  and  right. 

10.  Bowling — Counts  1,  2,  three  short  running  steps  forward,  right,  left, 
right;  counts  3,  4,  forward  charge  left,  shoot  right  arm  forward,  left  hand 
on  left  knee;  5,  6,  hold;  7,  8,  position. 

11.  Breathing. 

VI.    Marching — Front  and  rear  march  and  halt,  stopping  on  first  count. 

1.  Striking  the  Anvil — S.  p.  180  (with  alternate  knee  bending). 

2.  Snow  Storm — Slow  arm  circumduction    (3/4  time,  two  measures  each 
way). 

3.  Power   Hammer — Bend    st.    stooping,   alternating   with   arm    stretching 
downward. 

4.  Twister— S.  p.  252. 

5.  Wig  Wag — Alternate  leg  flinging  sideways  with  opposite  arm  flinging 
sideways  upward. 

6.  Fencing — S.  p.  188   (eight  count  movement). 

7.  Prone  Falling — Position  and  return. 

8.  Skating — Counts   1,  2,  3,  slide  diagonally  right,   hands  clasped  behind 
back;  4,  5,  6,  same  left;  1,  2,  3,  slide  right  to  horizontal  half -standing  position, 
right  arm  forward,  left  back;  4,  5,  6,  hold.     (3/4  time.) 

9.  Putting  the   Shot — Counts   1,  2,  3, "backward  lunge   right,  with  right 
hand  holding  shot  close  to  neck,  left  arm  extended  and  left  toe  touching; 
4,  5,  6,  hop  on  right  foot;   1,  2,  3,  spring  from  both  feet  and  change  their 
position,  right  coming  forward  and  left  going  back.    The  weight  comes  for- 
ward on  to  right  foot,  and  right  hand  shoots  forward;  4,  5,  6,  position. 

10.  Breathing. 

C.  Suggested  Programs  for  Demonstrations. 

I.  Suitable  for  grammar  grade  or  high  school  boys,  or  girls  with  reasonably 
good  co-ordination  and  endurance.  1.  Scouting.  2.  Catching  grounder  and 
throwing  to  first.  3.  Catching  fly.  4.  Diving.  5.  Swimming.  6.  Fencing. 
7.  Archery.  8.  Rowing.  9.  Skating.  10.  Prone  falling.  11.  Rockets.  12. 
Springer's  start. 

11.  Suitable   for  classes   of   less   certain  age,   ability,   and  endurance.     1. 
Adoration.     2.  Scouting.     3.  Twister.     4.  Rowing.     5.  Golf.     6.  Paddling.     7. 
Chicken  Wings.     8.  Swimming.     9.  Bowling.     10.  Snow  Storm. 

D.  Games  and  Sports — For  boys  and  girls  (with  the  exception  of  Rugby r 
Soccer,  Lacrosse,  Hand  Ball,  Boxing,  and  Wrestling,  Gymnastic  Stunts.) 

1.  Fall — (Out-of -doors.  )t    Rugby.    Soccer.    Hand  Ball.    Volley  Ball.    Lacrosse. 
Field  Hockey.     Tennis.     Golf.     Quoits.     Hiking  and  Bicycling. 

2.  Winter — (a)      Indoors.      Hand    Ball.      Volley    Ball.      Basket    Ball.      Relay 
Races.      Gymnastic   Stunts.      Swimming.      Boxing   and   Wrestling.      Punch    Ball. 
Indoor   Baseball.      (b)    Out-of-doors.      Skating.      Ice    Hockey.      Skiing.      Snow- 
shoeing.     Coasting. 

3.  Spring — (a)     Indoors   (see  Winter),      (b)   Out-of-doors.     Archery.     Base- 
ball.     Playground   Ball.      Hand   Ball.      Volley   Ball.      Lacrosse.      Tennis.      Golf. 
Rowing.     Bicycling.     Hikes. 

tClassiflcation  reprinted  from  "The  Playground." 


110 

4.  Summer — (See  Spring.)      Canoeing.     Sailing.     Camping.     Riding.     Swim- 
ming. 

5.  Other  Games — Medicine  and  Arch  Ball.      Wheelbarrow  Race.      Single  and 
Shuttle    Relay.      Handkerchief    Relay.      Baseball    Relay.      Basket    Ball    Shuttle. 
Circle  Relay  Pass  Ball.     Throw  and  Catch  Relay.     Pass  and  Toss  Relay.     Jump 
Rope  Shuttle.     Obstacle  Race.     Arch  Goal  Ball.     Japanese  Crab  Race.      Leap 
Frog  Race.     Three  Deep   Bombardment.      Merry-Go-Round.      Pig  in   the   Hole. 
Hanging  Tag.     Jump  the  Shot.     Mr.  Slap  Jack.     Beetle  Goes  Round.     Zigzag  I 
and  II.    Center  Catch  Ball.    Circle  Stride  Ball.     Progressive  Dodge  Ball.     Poison 
Snake.     Snatch.     Slipper   Slap.    Jacob   and   Rachel.     Vis-a-Vis.     Stool    Ball.     Bag 
Tag.     Call  Ball.     Ball  Stand.     Partner  Tag.     Fox  and  Geese.     Last  Couple  Out. 
Chain  Tug-of-War.     Wand  Tug-of-War. 

E.    Suggestive  List  of  Dances — (In  approximate  order  of  difficulty.)* 

Russian  Snowstorm  (Chalif).  Vineyard  Dance.  Baby  Polka  (Cp.  I 
&  Gl.  2).  Seven  Jumps  (Bl.  2).  Sun  Dance  (Clarke).  Crested  Hen  (Bl.  2). 
Captain  Jinks.  Gotland's  Quadrille  (Bl.  2).  Troika  (Chalif).  Dainty  Step 
(GL).  How  Do  You  Do?  Norwegian  Mountain  March  (Bl.  1).  Nest  Making 
(Cp.  II).  Guralsky  Tanetz  (Chalif).  Reap  the  Flax  (Bl.  1  &  Cp.  I).  Csehbor- 
gar.  Flemish  Folk  Dance  (Chalif).  Bobbing  Joe  (Bl.  2).  Three  Dance  (Bl.  2). 
Irish  Lilt  (Cp.  I).  Highland  Schottische  (Cp.  I).  Wooden  Shoes  (Chalif). 
Yankee  Caprice.  Normandische  Dance  (Chalif).  Slovak  Folk  Dance  (Chalif). 
Hornpipe  (Bl.  1).  Virginia  Reel.  Swedish  Polka  (Cp.  &  Bl.).  Skaters. 
Krakoviak.  Highland  Fling  (Bl.  1  &  Cp.  I).  Swedish  Schottische.  Three  Men's 
Reel  (Bl.  2).  Varsovienne  (Gl.).  Six  Hand  Reel  (Bl.  2).  Four  Dance  (Bl.  2). 
Furlana,  Verona  Minuet  (Gl.).  Irish  Jig  (Bl.  1).  Kamarinskaia  (Cp.  1  & 
Bl.  1).  Tatra  (Chalif).  Ritka  (Chalif).  Rigs-o'Marlow  (Shp.)  (Morris 
Dance). 

English  Country  Dancest — (Shp.).  Black  Nag.  The  Butterfly.  Chelsea 
Reach.  Confess.  The  Fine  Companion.  Gathering  Peascods.  Grimstock. 
Haste  to  the  Wedding.  Hey,  Boys,  Up  Go  We.  Hunsdon  House.  Hyde  Park. 
If  All  the  World  Were  Paper.  Jamaica.  Jennie  Pluck  Pears.  Lady  in  the 
Dark.  Mage  on  a  Cree.  The  Merry  Conceit.  My  Lady  Cullen.  Newcastle. 
The  Old  Mole.  Oranges  and  Lemons.  Parson's  Farewell.  The  Pleasure  of  the 
Town.  Ribbon  Dance.  Row  Well,  Ye  Mariners.  Rufty  Tufty.  Sweet  Kate. 
We  Won't  Go«Home  Till  Morning. 


*For  abbreviations  see  page  30. 

tRecommended  by  Miss  Edna  Manship,  Instructor  of  Dancing,  Department  of 
Hygiene,  Wellesley  College. 


INDEX 


Athletic  badge  test    (individual) — For  boys 35,  36 

"     girls 38-40 

Athletics — Activities   included    

Badge  test   (individual) — For  boys 35,  36 

"     girls 38-40 

Championship  meets    (boys)    37 

Class  athletics — Boys 36,  37 

Girls 40 

Eligibility,   rules  for   boys 35 

Girls 38 

Events   for   elementary   schools — Boys 37 

Girls 40 

Events  for   secondary   Schools — Boys 37 

Girls 40 

Teachers,  qualifications  of    34 

Novice  meets  

Organizations 34 

Time  for  training    34 

Value  of 34 

Building,  care  of 8 

Class  arrangements.     See  gymnastics. 

Commands.     See  gymnastics. 

Correction  of  exercises.     See  gymnastics.  % 

Dance  steps,  fundamental.     See  dancing. 

Dancing — L!sts,  graded.     See  Grades,  also  p.   30. 

Requisites  of  the  teacher   25 

Steps    (fundamental),    descriptions    of 27-30 

Teaching,  principles  and  methods  of  space  provision — music — starting, 

presentation — observation  of  mistakes — rhythm   26 

Terms  and   formations — Line — circle — boy   and   girl   in   line   of  direc- 
tion— clockwise — to   turn   partner    27 

Value  of 25 

Exercise—- 
Activities included 10 

For  details  see  Grades,  and 13-41 

Essential  requisite    11 

Programs  for  Elementary  Schools   11 

Programs  for  Secondary  Schools    11 

Pupil  leaders 11 

.Space  provision 11 

Time  requirement 11 

Uniforms 11,12 

Use   of  out-of-doors    10 

Facings 20 

Festivals — -Aims  and  values   40 

References 41 

Furniture,  school 7 

Games — Equipment 31 

Lists   (Graded).     See  grades. 

Relays,  presentation  of   33 

Requirements   of   a    set 30 

Requisites  of  the  teacher 31 

Results  to  be  obtained   31 

Teaching  of 31-33 

Teams,  means  of  securing    32 

•Grades. 

Grade  I — Dances 46 

Games 46 

Mimetic  exercises 44-46 

Story-plays 42-44 

Grade  II — Dances 51 

Games 51 


112 

Gymnastic    drills    46 

Relief  periods 60 

Grade  III — Dances 67 

Games 67 

Gymnastic  drills 51 

Mimetic  exercises 67 

Relief  periods 66 

Grade  IV — Dances 64 

Games 64 

Gymnastic  drills 67 

Mimetic  exercises 63 

Relief  periods 6* 

Grade   V — Dances    

Games 71 

Gymnastic  drills 64 

Mimetic  exercises 71 

Relief  periods 70 

Grade  VI — Dances 79 

Games 79 

Gymnastic  drills 

Mimetic  exercises 78 

Relief  periods 78 

Grade  VII — Dances 87 

Games 86 

Gymnastic  drills 79" 

Mimetic  exercises 86 

Relief  periods 85 

Grade  VIII — Dances 94 

Games 94 

Gymnastic  drills 87 

Mimetic  exercises 94 

Relief  periods 93 

Gymnasium,  use  of 8 

Gymnastic  lessons.     See  Grades. 

Classification  and  order    18,  19 

Gymnastic  positions.     See  gymnastics. 

Gymnastics  (marching  included),  aims  and  values 13 

Class  arrangements    21 

Classification  and  order  of  exercises .' 18,  19 

Commands — For  exercises  done  on  command 16 

For  rhythmical   exercises    16,  17 

For  standing  and  sitting 1& 

Numerals 17 

Parts  of  a  command- 16 

Purpose  of 16 

Coaching   (admonitions  and  stimulations) 17 

Correction,  methods  of 17 

Drills  (graded).     See  grades. 
Facings.     See  facings. 

Gymnastic  exercise,  parts  of 14 

•     Gymnastic  positions — Fundamental 14 

Simple  starting 14-16 

Combined  starting 16 

See  also  illustrations. 

Marching  arrangements 19 

Posture.     See  posture. 

Presentation   of   exercises 17,  19,  24 

Qualifications  of  teacher  13 

Relief  periods 25 

Running.     See  running.     See  also  grades. 

Health   essentials  for  rural   school   children 

Health  instruction    (physiology   and   hygiene) 9 

Topics  for  elementary  schools 9 

Topics  for  secondary    schools    9 

Health  rules 9,  10 

High  School — Athletics.     See  athletics. 

Dances 110 

Games 109 

Gymnastic  drills 96 

Mimetic  exercises 107 

Lighting 7 

Marching  arrangements — in  class-room    19 

In  gymnasium 20 

Medical  Inspection — 

Conditions  demanding  attention   9 

Daily  inspection  in  lower  grades • 


113      - 

Special  classes  and   schools    9 

Mimetic  exercises.     See  grades. 

Pageants.     See  festivals. 

Physical  education — Aim .' 7 

Definition 

J  'lay  room,  use  of 

Posture — Causes    22,  2:1 

Prevention 

Tests,  ratings,   etc 24 

Types  of  mal-posture 

Value  of  correct   posture    _^ 21,  2^ 

Premises,  care  of 

Recesses  .,  7 

References — Athletics 40 

Dancing : .  .  30 

Festivals 40,  41 

Games  and  plays 33,  34 

Gymnastics 

Hygiene 10 

Medical  inspection 9 

Physiology 10 

Play,  theory   of    

Sanitation 8 

Relief  periods.     See  gymnastics.     See  grades. 

Rhythmical  exercises. 

Commands  and   presentation    16,  17 

Running-in  the  class-room    20 

Running-in   the   gymnasium    21 

Story-plays 42,  44 

Toilet  facilities 7 

Ventilation 


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Syllabus  for  physi-! 
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